1충남대학교병원
2대전대학교 간호학과
1Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
2Department of Nursing, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
Copyright © 2018 Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing. All rights reserved.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
대상자의 체위지지 간호에 대한 지식 및 수행 정도를 파악한다.
대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 체위지지 간호에 대한 지식 및 수행 정도의 차이를 파악 한다.
대상자의 체위지지 간호에 대한 지식과 수행 정도의 상관관계를 파악한다.
| Characteristics | Categories | n (%) |
Knowledge of DSPP |
Performance of DSPP |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | |||
| Age (year) | ≤25 | 68 (51.9) | 24.18±4.89 | 2.04 | 80.41±7.98 | 1.15 |
| 26~30 | 39 (29.8) | 24.77±2.75 | (.134) | 79.18±8.30 | (.321) | |
| ≥31 | 24 (18.3) | 26.21±4.22 | 77.67±6.58 | |||
| Education | Collegea | 11 (8.4) | 24.55±2.95 | 4.95 | 77.82±7.29 | 0.52 |
| Universityb | 100 (76.3) | 24.21±4.38 | (.009) | 79.92±7.95 | (.595) | |
| ≥Masterc | 20 (15.3) | 27.40±3.38 | b<c* | 78.60±7.86 | ||
| NICU working experience (year) | <3a | 72 (55.0) | 24.00±4.80 | 3.53 | 80.17±8.09 | 0.52 |
| 3~6b | 38 (29.0) | 25.00±3.03 | (.032) | 78.92±7.71 | (.596) | |
| >6c | 21 (16.0) | 26.71±3.68 | a<c* | 78.52±7.45 | ||
| Job position | Staff nursea | 120 (91.6) | 24.50±4.23 | 6.50 | 79.73±7.94 | 0.42 |
| Physician assistantb | 4 (3.1) | 32.00±0.00 | (.002) | 77.50±9.47 | (.658) | |
| ≥Charge nursec | 7 (5.3) | 24.43±2.15 | a, c<b* | 77.43±5.71 | ||
| The need for nursing education on DSPP | Yes | 128 (97.7) | 24.85±4.16 | 2.25 | 79.65±7.89 | 1.01 |
| No | 3 (2.3) | 19.33±6.66 | (.026) | 75.00±5.20 | (.313) | |
| Barriers to implementing DSPP† | Work overload | 52 (40.9) | 25.02±3.67 | 0.68 | 77.92±6.84 | 1.59 |
| Lack of DSPP education | 31 (24.4) | 25.13±4.09 | (.691) | 77.23±7.01 | (.143) | |
| Premature baby movement | 18 (14.2) | 24.11±4.31 | 77.28±5.78 | |||
| Concerned about missing tube and lines | 12 (9.5) | 26.83±4.13 | 78.08±8.17 | |||
| Lack of awareness of DSPP | 10 (7.9) | 25.40±3.37 | 76.20±8.01 | |||
| Lack of positioning supplies | 2 (1.6) | 23.50±4.95 | 73.00±2.83 | |||
| Educational experience of DSPP | Yes | 14 (10.7) | 27.29±2.49 | 3.69 | 81.57±6.33 | 1.02 |
| No | 117 (89.3) | 24.42±4.34 | (.001) | 79.30±8.01 | (.308) | |
| Sources of DSPP education (n=14) | Hospital program | 8 (57.1) | - | |||
| Conferences or workshops | 4 (28.6) | |||||
| Both | 2 (14.3) | |||||
| Items |
Correct answer |
|
|---|---|---|
| n (%) or M±SD | ||
| 1. | The uterine walls form a natural boundary to developing fetus that acts to strengthen the muscle tones and resistance to fetal movement. | 122 (93.1) |
| 2. | Active muscle tone begins at around 36 weeks of gestation, when babies achieve a postural state known as physiological flexion. | 103 (78.6) |
| 3. | Premature infants are physiologically stable and comfort when the axis of the body maintain straight line in the midline of the body. | 93 (71.0) |
| 4. | Normal term infants without medical complications should be provided DSP.* | 8 (6.1) |
| 5. | Before 38 weeks of gestation, the extensor muscle is more dominant than flexor muscle. | 59 (45.0) |
| 6. | Position change should be performed periodically to maintain skin integrity of premature infants. | 130 (99.2) |
| 7. | The skull of preterm infants is very flexible, and can be deformed if left in one position for a long time. | 131 (100.0) |
| 8. | Keeping the baby's head in the midline of the body can reduce the risk of elevated intracranial pressure and intraventricular hemorrhage. | 84 (64.1) |
| 9. | Higher nesting may make premature infants feel uncomfortable, so lowering the height is recommended.* | 87 (66.4) |
| 10. | When applying nesting to the baby, wrap the baby's back, hips, and soles so that they touch the boundary of the nest. | 113 (86.3) |
| 11. | Nesting is not provided for babies undergoing phototherapy.* | 114 (87.0) |
| 12. | When swaddling a baby, wrap it tight enough to inhibit the voluntary movement of the baby's trunk and limbs to conserve energy.* | 92 (70.2) |
| 13. | Supine position has lower energy consumption than the prone position.* | 86 (65.6) |
| 14. | Supine position is more at risk of aspiration than prone and lateral position. | 118 (90.1) |
| 15. | Premature infants show more startle reflexes or disruptive movements in supine position than other positions. | 124 (94.7) |
| 16. | In the supine position, it is difficult to keep the flexion position because it is influenced by gravity. | 93 (71.0) |
| 17. | If you do not provide DSP in the supine position, premature baby's arms and legs may externally rotated. | 96 (73.3) |
| 18. | For the prevention of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), we recommend that you take the supine position during your baby's sleep. | 79 (60.3) |
| 19. | Extremely low birth weight infants are encouraged to take supine position during the first few days of life to prevent elevated cerebral blood flow. | 59 (45.0) |
| 20. | Attaching shoulder rolls in the supine position helps prevent excessive flexion of the neck and maintain airway open. | 126 (96.2) |
| 21. | The supine position increases the hyperextension and muscle tone of the head, neck and shoulder compared to other positions. | 71 (54.2) |
| 22. | When taking a prone position, the height of the pillow or roll under the head and chest should be kept at 1: 2. | 83 (63.4) |
| 23. | The baby cries less and sleeps better in the supine position than prone position.* | 111 (84.7) |
| 24. | It is not easy for the baby to visual exploration in the prone position. | 96 (73.3) |
| 25. | Prone position is effective in improving the respiratory function of the baby, increasing the symmetry of the chest wall, and improving the gas exchange. | 115 (87.8) |
| 26. | If the baby is taken prone position on a flat surface, it can be deformed into W-shaped arms, and frog-like legs due to abduction or rotation of the hips and feet. | 100 (76.3) |
| 27. | When placing rolls or pillows under the baby's chest in prone position, the shoulders may become excessively extended if the width of the roll or pillow is wider than the gap between the baby's shoulders. | 106 (80.9) |
| 28. | Babies with inadequate physical activity are advised to take a lateral position to reduce the risk of aspiration. | 118 (90.1) |
| 29. | Lateral position is a position that can minimize abduction and rotation of the hips. | 87 (66.4) |
| 30. | When babys take a lateral position, baby's arms and legs are pulled toward the midline of body by gravity. | 84 (64.1) |
| 31. | The sitting position is the recommended position for babies with severe gastric reflux. | 109 (83.2) |
| 32. | If the width of the diaper placed between the baby's legs is too wide, the baby's hips and legs can be externally rotated. | 115 (87.8) |
| 33. | The supportive positioning provided by the NICU affects the baby's neuro and motor development in the future. | 127 (96.9) |
| Total correct answer rate of knowledge regarding DSPP | 131 (74.9) | |
| NICU nurses' knowledge score regarding DSPP (out of 33) | 24.73±4.27 | |
| Items |
Performance frequency |
Performance score |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Never |
Rarely |
Sometimes |
Always |
M±SD | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| 1. | I lifted baby's two legs vertically when I changed diapers.* | 18 (13.7) | 37 (28.2) | 44 (33.6) | 32 (24.5) | 2.31±0.99 |
| 2. | I used diapers that fit baby's body size considering the size of premature infants. | 2 (1.5) | 4 (3.1) | 31 (23.6) | 94 (71.8) | 3.66±0.62 |
| 3. | I bended and embraced the baby's arms, shoulders, and lower body so that the baby feels secure before doing anything that could gave the baby stress or pain. | 1 (0.8) | 17 (13.0) | 54 (41.2) | 59 (45.0) | 3.31±0.72 |
| 4. | I carried out nursing activities in a bundle so as to minimize the stress of the baby due to nursing activities. | - | 2 (1.5) | 39 (29.8) | 90 (68.7) | 3.67±0.50 |
| 5 | I checked every shift whether the nest is consistently maintaining its proper shape or not. | - | 2 (1.5) | 33 (25.2) | 96 (73.3) | 3.72±0.49 |
| 6. | I made the lower border of the nest sufficiently high so that the baby's leg flexion could be maintained. | 1 (0.8) | 13 (9.9) | 67 (51.1) | 50 (38.2) | 3.27±0.67 |
| 7. | I kept my baby's feet close to the boundary below the nest. | - | 8 (6.1) | 64 (48.9) | 59 (45.0) | 3.39±0.60 |
| 8. | When I found the baby's arms or legs out of the nest, I put the baby's arms and legs in the nest and maintained a supportive positioning. | - | 6 (4.6) | 51 (38.9) | 74 (56.5) | 3.52±0.59 |
| 9. | I was careful not to over-rotate baby's neck too much when the baby took the prone or supine position. | - | - | 33 (25.2) | 98 (74.8) | 3.75±0.44 |
| 10. | I placed the baby's arms and legs in the direction of the body midline to prevent abduction and rotation of the arms and legs. | - | 3 (2.3) | 55 (42.0) | 73 (55.7) | 3.53±0.55 |
| 11. | I observed and supported from time to time to prevent the baby from slipping down when the baby is holding the nest with the head raised. | - | - | 29 (22.1) | 102 (77.9) | 3.79±0.42 |
| 12. | To protect the baby's skin, I have checked that the baby is not lying on a tube or line (eg, IV line, EKG line, gavage tube, oxy sensor) that can give pressure to the baby's skin. | - | - | 21 (16.0) | 110 (84.0) | 3.84±0.37 |
| 13. | I used a gel cushion on the baby's head to prevent the baby's head from becoming flat. | 28 (21.4) | 48 (36.6) | 38 (29.0) | 17 (13.0) | 2.34±0.96 |
| 14. | I wrapped the pouch tightly to keep the baby stable and comfortable.* | 2 (1.5) | 10 (7.6) | 60 (45.8) | 59 (45.1) | 1.66±0.69 |
| 15. | I did not provide DSP because I was worried about extubation when the baby was doing the ventilator.* | 35 (26.7) | 40 (30.5) | 49 (37.4) | 7 (5.4) | 2.77±0.90 |
| 16. | I often changed the position of the baby's head to prevent it from deforming. | - | 6 (4.6) | 66 (50.4) | 59 (45.0) | 3.40±0.58 |
| 17. | In order to maintain the posture balance of the baby, I alternately provided the position change to the baby with a prone, supine and lateral position. | - | 3 (2.3) | 50 (38.2) | 78 (59.5) | 3.57±0.54 |
| 18. | In supine position, I kept the pillow or roll under the baby's head and shoulders to keep the head of the baby in the midline of the body and to prevent the shoulder from being excessively retracted backward. | - | 2 (1.5) | 40 (30.5) | 89 (67.9) | 3.66±0.51 |
| 19. | I put a roll or pillow under the baby's head and chest when I took the prone position to the baby. | 3 (2.3) | 24 (18.3) | 53 (40.5) | 51 (38.9) | 3.16±0.80 |
| 20. | I kept the width of the roll or pillow underneath the baby's chest equal to the width of the baby's trunk to prevent the baby's shoulders from being excessively extended when taking prone position to the baby. | 1 (0.8) | 26 (19.8) | 66 (50.4) | 38 (29.0) | 3.08±0.72 |
| 21. | I have often provided eye contact to the baby taking the prone position. | 4 (3.1) | 48 (36.6) | 60 (45.8) | 19 (14.5) | 2.72±0.75 |
| 22. | When I taking prone position to the baby, I put a roll under baby's ankle to keep feet in a straight line to prevent the baby's foot abducted outwardly. | 8 (6.1) | 34 (26.0) | 62 (47.3) | 27 (20.6) | 2.82±0.83 |
| 23. | Before I changed the position of the baby, I gently whispered and stroked the baby to let the baby know in advance what would happen and prepare. | 6 (4.6) | 45 (34.3) | 60 (45.8) | 20 (15.3) | 2.72±0.78 |
| 24. | When I took a lateral position to the baby, I used a head pillow and a chest pillow, and kept the baby's nose-neck-sternum-coccyx in a straight line. | 1 (0.8) | 8 (6.1) | 82 (62.6) | 40 (30.5) | 3.23±0.59 |
| 25. | I provided parent education on DSP at discharge of the premature baby. | 14 (10.7) | 43 (32.8) | 46 (35.1) | 28 (21.4) | 2.67±0.93 |
| NICU nurses' performance score regarding DSPP (out of 4) | 3.18±0.56 | |||||
| Characteristics | Categories | n (%) | Knowledge of DSPP |
Performance of DSPP |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M±SD | t or F (p) | M±SD | t or F (p) | |||
| Age (year) | ≤25 | 68 (51.9) | 24.18±4.89 | 2.04 | 80.41±7.98 | 1.15 |
| 26~30 | 39 (29.8) | 24.77±2.75 | (.134) | 79.18±8.30 | (.321) | |
| ≥31 | 24 (18.3) | 26.21±4.22 | 77.67±6.58 | |||
| Education | Collegea | 11 (8.4) | 24.55±2.95 | 4.95 | 77.82±7.29 | 0.52 |
| Universityb | 100 (76.3) | 24.21±4.38 | (.009) | 79.92±7.95 | (.595) | |
| ≥Masterc | 20 (15.3) | 27.40±3.38 | b<c |
78.60±7.86 | ||
| NICU working experience (year) | <3a | 72 (55.0) | 24.00±4.80 | 3.53 | 80.17±8.09 | 0.52 |
| 3~6b | 38 (29.0) | 25.00±3.03 | (.032) | 78.92±7.71 | (.596) | |
| >6c | 21 (16.0) | 26.71±3.68 | a<c |
78.52±7.45 | ||
| Job position | Staff nursea | 120 (91.6) | 24.50±4.23 | 6.50 | 79.73±7.94 | 0.42 |
| Physician assistantb | 4 (3.1) | 32.00±0.00 | (.002) | 77.50±9.47 | (.658) | |
| ≥Charge nursec | 7 (5.3) | 24.43±2.15 | a, c<b |
77.43±5.71 | ||
| The need for nursing education on DSPP | Yes | 128 (97.7) | 24.85±4.16 | 2.25 | 79.65±7.89 | 1.01 |
| No | 3 (2.3) | 19.33±6.66 | (.026) | 75.00±5.20 | (.313) | |
| Barriers to implementing DSPP |
Work overload | 52 (40.9) | 25.02±3.67 | 0.68 | 77.92±6.84 | 1.59 |
| Lack of DSPP education | 31 (24.4) | 25.13±4.09 | (.691) | 77.23±7.01 | (.143) | |
| Premature baby movement | 18 (14.2) | 24.11±4.31 | 77.28±5.78 | |||
| Concerned about missing tube and lines | 12 (9.5) | 26.83±4.13 | 78.08±8.17 | |||
| Lack of awareness of DSPP | 10 (7.9) | 25.40±3.37 | 76.20±8.01 | |||
| Lack of positioning supplies | 2 (1.6) | 23.50±4.95 | 73.00±2.83 | |||
| Educational experience of DSPP | Yes | 14 (10.7) | 27.29±2.49 | 3.69 | 81.57±6.33 | 1.02 |
| No | 117 (89.3) | 24.42±4.34 | (.001) | 79.30±8.01 | (.308) | |
| Sources of DSPP education (n=14) | Hospital program | 8 (57.1) | - | |||
| Conferences or workshops | 4 (28.6) | |||||
| Both | 2 (14.3) | |||||
| Items | Correct answer |
|
|---|---|---|
| n (%) or M±SD | ||
| 1. | The uterine walls form a natural boundary to developing fetus that acts to strengthen the muscle tones and resistance to fetal movement. | 122 (93.1) |
| 2. | Active muscle tone begins at around 36 weeks of gestation, when babies achieve a postural state known as physiological flexion. | 103 (78.6) |
| 3. | Premature infants are physiologically stable and comfort when the axis of the body maintain straight line in the midline of the body. | 93 (71.0) |
| 4. | Normal term infants without medical complications should be provided DSP. |
8 (6.1) |
| 5. | Before 38 weeks of gestation, the extensor muscle is more dominant than flexor muscle. | 59 (45.0) |
| 6. | Position change should be performed periodically to maintain skin integrity of premature infants. | 130 (99.2) |
| 7. | The skull of preterm infants is very flexible, and can be deformed if left in one position for a long time. | 131 (100.0) |
| 8. | Keeping the baby's head in the midline of the body can reduce the risk of elevated intracranial pressure and intraventricular hemorrhage. | 84 (64.1) |
| 9. | Higher nesting may make premature infants feel uncomfortable, so lowering the height is recommended. |
87 (66.4) |
| 10. | When applying nesting to the baby, wrap the baby's back, hips, and soles so that they touch the boundary of the nest. | 113 (86.3) |
| 11. | Nesting is not provided for babies undergoing phototherapy. |
114 (87.0) |
| 12. | When swaddling a baby, wrap it tight enough to inhibit the voluntary movement of the baby's trunk and limbs to conserve energy. |
92 (70.2) |
| 13. | Supine position has lower energy consumption than the prone position. |
86 (65.6) |
| 14. | Supine position is more at risk of aspiration than prone and lateral position. | 118 (90.1) |
| 15. | Premature infants show more startle reflexes or disruptive movements in supine position than other positions. | 124 (94.7) |
| 16. | In the supine position, it is difficult to keep the flexion position because it is influenced by gravity. | 93 (71.0) |
| 17. | If you do not provide DSP in the supine position, premature baby's arms and legs may externally rotated. | 96 (73.3) |
| 18. | For the prevention of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), we recommend that you take the supine position during your baby's sleep. | 79 (60.3) |
| 19. | Extremely low birth weight infants are encouraged to take supine position during the first few days of life to prevent elevated cerebral blood flow. | 59 (45.0) |
| 20. | Attaching shoulder rolls in the supine position helps prevent excessive flexion of the neck and maintain airway open. | 126 (96.2) |
| 21. | The supine position increases the hyperextension and muscle tone of the head, neck and shoulder compared to other positions. | 71 (54.2) |
| 22. | When taking a prone position, the height of the pillow or roll under the head and chest should be kept at 1: 2. | 83 (63.4) |
| 23. | The baby cries less and sleeps better in the supine position than prone position. |
111 (84.7) |
| 24. | It is not easy for the baby to visual exploration in the prone position. | 96 (73.3) |
| 25. | Prone position is effective in improving the respiratory function of the baby, increasing the symmetry of the chest wall, and improving the gas exchange. | 115 (87.8) |
| 26. | If the baby is taken prone position on a flat surface, it can be deformed into W-shaped arms, and frog-like legs due to abduction or rotation of the hips and feet. | 100 (76.3) |
| 27. | When placing rolls or pillows under the baby's chest in prone position, the shoulders may become excessively extended if the width of the roll or pillow is wider than the gap between the baby's shoulders. | 106 (80.9) |
| 28. | Babies with inadequate physical activity are advised to take a lateral position to reduce the risk of aspiration. | 118 (90.1) |
| 29. | Lateral position is a position that can minimize abduction and rotation of the hips. | 87 (66.4) |
| 30. | When babys take a lateral position, baby's arms and legs are pulled toward the midline of body by gravity. | 84 (64.1) |
| 31. | The sitting position is the recommended position for babies with severe gastric reflux. | 109 (83.2) |
| 32. | If the width of the diaper placed between the baby's legs is too wide, the baby's hips and legs can be externally rotated. | 115 (87.8) |
| 33. | The supportive positioning provided by the NICU affects the baby's neuro and motor development in the future. | 127 (96.9) |
| Total correct answer rate of knowledge regarding DSPP | 131 (74.9) | |
| NICU nurses' knowledge score regarding DSPP (out of 33) | 24.73±4.27 | |
| Items | Performance frequency |
Performance score |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never |
Rarely |
Sometimes |
Always |
M±SD | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| 1. | I lifted baby's two legs vertically when I changed diapers. |
18 (13.7) | 37 (28.2) | 44 (33.6) | 32 (24.5) | 2.31±0.99 |
| 2. | I used diapers that fit baby's body size considering the size of premature infants. | 2 (1.5) | 4 (3.1) | 31 (23.6) | 94 (71.8) | 3.66±0.62 |
| 3. | I bended and embraced the baby's arms, shoulders, and lower body so that the baby feels secure before doing anything that could gave the baby stress or pain. | 1 (0.8) | 17 (13.0) | 54 (41.2) | 59 (45.0) | 3.31±0.72 |
| 4. | I carried out nursing activities in a bundle so as to minimize the stress of the baby due to nursing activities. | - | 2 (1.5) | 39 (29.8) | 90 (68.7) | 3.67±0.50 |
| 5 | I checked every shift whether the nest is consistently maintaining its proper shape or not. | - | 2 (1.5) | 33 (25.2) | 96 (73.3) | 3.72±0.49 |
| 6. | I made the lower border of the nest sufficiently high so that the baby's leg flexion could be maintained. | 1 (0.8) | 13 (9.9) | 67 (51.1) | 50 (38.2) | 3.27±0.67 |
| 7. | I kept my baby's feet close to the boundary below the nest. | - | 8 (6.1) | 64 (48.9) | 59 (45.0) | 3.39±0.60 |
| 8. | When I found the baby's arms or legs out of the nest, I put the baby's arms and legs in the nest and maintained a supportive positioning. | - | 6 (4.6) | 51 (38.9) | 74 (56.5) | 3.52±0.59 |
| 9. | I was careful not to over-rotate baby's neck too much when the baby took the prone or supine position. | - | - | 33 (25.2) | 98 (74.8) | 3.75±0.44 |
| 10. | I placed the baby's arms and legs in the direction of the body midline to prevent abduction and rotation of the arms and legs. | - | 3 (2.3) | 55 (42.0) | 73 (55.7) | 3.53±0.55 |
| 11. | I observed and supported from time to time to prevent the baby from slipping down when the baby is holding the nest with the head raised. | - | - | 29 (22.1) | 102 (77.9) | 3.79±0.42 |
| 12. | To protect the baby's skin, I have checked that the baby is not lying on a tube or line (eg, IV line, EKG line, gavage tube, oxy sensor) that can give pressure to the baby's skin. | - | - | 21 (16.0) | 110 (84.0) | 3.84±0.37 |
| 13. | I used a gel cushion on the baby's head to prevent the baby's head from becoming flat. | 28 (21.4) | 48 (36.6) | 38 (29.0) | 17 (13.0) | 2.34±0.96 |
| 14. | I wrapped the pouch tightly to keep the baby stable and comfortable. |
2 (1.5) | 10 (7.6) | 60 (45.8) | 59 (45.1) | 1.66±0.69 |
| 15. | I did not provide DSP because I was worried about extubation when the baby was doing the ventilator. |
35 (26.7) | 40 (30.5) | 49 (37.4) | 7 (5.4) | 2.77±0.90 |
| 16. | I often changed the position of the baby's head to prevent it from deforming. | - | 6 (4.6) | 66 (50.4) | 59 (45.0) | 3.40±0.58 |
| 17. | In order to maintain the posture balance of the baby, I alternately provided the position change to the baby with a prone, supine and lateral position. | - | 3 (2.3) | 50 (38.2) | 78 (59.5) | 3.57±0.54 |
| 18. | In supine position, I kept the pillow or roll under the baby's head and shoulders to keep the head of the baby in the midline of the body and to prevent the shoulder from being excessively retracted backward. | - | 2 (1.5) | 40 (30.5) | 89 (67.9) | 3.66±0.51 |
| 19. | I put a roll or pillow under the baby's head and chest when I took the prone position to the baby. | 3 (2.3) | 24 (18.3) | 53 (40.5) | 51 (38.9) | 3.16±0.80 |
| 20. | I kept the width of the roll or pillow underneath the baby's chest equal to the width of the baby's trunk to prevent the baby's shoulders from being excessively extended when taking prone position to the baby. | 1 (0.8) | 26 (19.8) | 66 (50.4) | 38 (29.0) | 3.08±0.72 |
| 21. | I have often provided eye contact to the baby taking the prone position. | 4 (3.1) | 48 (36.6) | 60 (45.8) | 19 (14.5) | 2.72±0.75 |
| 22. | When I taking prone position to the baby, I put a roll under baby's ankle to keep feet in a straight line to prevent the baby's foot abducted outwardly. | 8 (6.1) | 34 (26.0) | 62 (47.3) | 27 (20.6) | 2.82±0.83 |
| 23. | Before I changed the position of the baby, I gently whispered and stroked the baby to let the baby know in advance what would happen and prepare. | 6 (4.6) | 45 (34.3) | 60 (45.8) | 20 (15.3) | 2.72±0.78 |
| 24. | When I took a lateral position to the baby, I used a head pillow and a chest pillow, and kept the baby's nose-neck-sternum-coccyx in a straight line. | 1 (0.8) | 8 (6.1) | 82 (62.6) | 40 (30.5) | 3.23±0.59 |
| 25. | I provided parent education on DSP at discharge of the premature baby. | 14 (10.7) | 43 (32.8) | 46 (35.1) | 28 (21.4) | 2.67±0.93 |
| NICU nurses' performance score regarding DSPP (out of 4) | 3.18±0.56 | |||||
Bonferroni; Multiple answer; NICU=Neonatal intensive care unit; DSPP=Developmentally supportive positioning for premature infants.
Incorrect item; NICU=Neonatal intensive care unit; DSPP=Developmentally supportive positioning for premature infants; DSP=Developmentally supportive positioning.
Reversed item; NICU=Neonatal intensive care unit; DSPP=Developmentally supportive positioning for premature infants; DSP=Developmentally supportive positioning.