Purpose
Parental satisfaction is essential for evaluating pediatric care quality and influences healthcare practices and performance. Pediatric patients frequently experience anxiety, affecting their and their parents’ satisfaction. Nurses play a key role in reducing anxiety and improving care interactions. Meeting parents’ expectations shapes long-term outcomes and impacts the hospital’s reputation. While instruments such as the Child ZAP (Zufriedenheit in der Arztpraxis) provide comprehensive measures of satisfaction, their use in Indonesia has not been explored. This study aimed to validate the Child ZAP and offer insights to improve pediatric care quality in Indonesia.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 139 mothers whose children were older than 5 years and received treatment at private hospitals. Structured questionnaires were analyzed using partial least squared-structural equation modeling in SmartPLS 4, and a disjoint two-stage method was used to test dimensionality.
Results
All hypotheses were significant (p<.05), demonstrating strong support. All Child ZAP dimensions, treated as lower-order constructs, effectively measured parents’ satisfaction as a higher-order construct. Overall parental satisfaction significantly influenced behavioral intention and mediated its relationship with Child ZAP. The mother’s and the child’s age served as moderating factors. The research model exhibited strong predictive power, underscoring pediatric nurses’ pivotal role in improving communication among parents, physicians, and children to ensure quality care.
Conclusion
The Child ZAP instrument effectively evaluates parental satisfaction by examining how children interact and communicate with medical staff. It assesses doctors’ engagement with children and their communication skills, highlighting nurses’ essential role in providing family-centered pediatric care.

Citations

• Indonesian Patients’ Experiences and Emotional Attachment to Healthcare Services Abroad: A Qualitative Study
  Cashtri Meher, Fotarisman Zaluchu
  Patient Preference and Adherence.2025; Volume 19: 3873.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aims to explore the factors influencing nursing professionalism among nursing students, focusing on the image of nurses, satisfaction with their major, and career metacognition.
Methods
We conducted a descriptive survey with 185 nursing students from D city and K region on June 10–30, 2024. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 27.0 (IBM Corp.), employing descriptive statistics, t tests, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and regression analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting nursing professionalism among nursing students.
Results
The regression analysis revealed that the image of nurses (β=.69, p<.001) and monitoring aspect of career metacognition (β=.13, p=.025) were significant predictors of nursing professionalism, accounting for 64.5% of the variance.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that the image of nurses and monitoring component of career metacognition are critical in shaping nursing professionalism among nursing students. Therefore, nursing education programs should aim to improve the image of nurses and promote self-reflective career practices as strategies to foster professionalism among nursing students.

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the influence of social media affinity on eating attitudes and body dissatisfaction among adolescents in the Philippines.
Methods
The participants were 114 junior high school students enrolled in 7th to 10th grade in Cavite Province, Philippines. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS, using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple linear regression.
Results
The factors affecting eating attitudes were body dissatisfaction (β=-.47, p<.001), social media affinity (β=.33, p<.001) and grade (10th grade) (β=-.28, p<.001), and the factors influencing body dissatisfaction were eating attitudes (β=-.65, p<.001) and social media affinity (β=.17, p=.041).
Conclusion
In order to promote healthy eating attitudes and to improve body satisfaction among Philippine adolescents, educational strategies tailored to social media users will be needed.

Citations

• Time Out: A Scoping Review of Non‐Duration Based Social Media Use Measures and Adolescent Mental Health
  Amanda M. Sursely, Bengi Baran, Gerta Bardhoshi, Jonathan M. Platt
  Journal of Adolescence.2026; 98(3): 659.     CrossRef
• Eating behaviors in the digital age: the role of social media and healthy diet literacy
  Muhammet Ali Çakır, Selma Fırat
  Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia,.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Investigating the relationship between social media use and the attitudes towards nutrition and body image shame among Iranian female students: A cross-sectional study
  Sogol Keyvanpour, Masoumeh Namazi, Fatemeh Hosseini, Narges Ebrahimi
  Medicine.2025; 104(4): e41383.     CrossRef
• Don't feel comfortable in your own skin? The relationship between body dissatisfaction and social media use – A meta-analytical approach
  Thomas Vlasak, Alfred Barth, Christoph Augner
  The European Journal of Psychiatry.2025; 39(3): 100297.     CrossRef
• The dark side of digital connectivity: smartphone dependency and body image issues in Filipino teens
  Jose Eric Mella Lacsa
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2025; 46(4): 294.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Social Media Addiction on Eating Behaviour In Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Emine Kemaloğlu, Mehmetcan Kemaloglu
  Turkish Journal of Health Science and Life.2025; 8(3): 113.     CrossRef
• The relationship among positive body image, body esteem, and eating attitude in Iranian population
  Hamid Sharif-Nia, Erika Sivarajan Froelicher, Ozkan Gorgulu, Jason W. Osborne, Aleksandra Błachnio, Azadeh Rezazadeh Fazeli, Amir Hossein Goudarzian, Omolhoda Kaveh
  Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A structural modeling approach to determine the effects of orthorexia nervosa and social appearance anxiety on healthy lifestyle behaviors in young adults
  Fatma Elif Eroğlu, Nevin Şanlıer
  Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine.2024; 7(5): 529.     CrossRef
• Disordered eating attitude and associated factors among late adolescent girls in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
  Betlihem Muche Engdyhu, Kedir Abdela Gonete, Berhanu Mengistu, Netsanet Worku
  Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Social Media Use and Body Image Dissatisfaction Among University Students of Health Sciences in Saudi Arabia
  Ihdaa J Abdulwahab, Jumana H Khouja, Noha A Alzahrani, Amina Bargawi
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Impact of social media influence on eating behavior in mid and late adolescent children a cross-sectional study
  Aishwarya Patil, Gavishiddhayya Salimath, Mubashir Angolkar
  Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical R.2024; 17(2): 125.     CrossRef
• Relationship Between Obesity Awareness and Nutrition Attitude: A Sectional Study Among Secondary School Students
  Gulsun Ayran, Ozlem Karaca
  Galician Medical Journal.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Associations between social media, adolescent mental health, and diet: A systematic review
  Laurence Blanchard, Kaitlin Conway‐Moore, Anaely Aguiar, Furkan Önal, Harry Rutter, Arnfinn Helleve, Emmanuel Nwosu, Jane Falcone, Natalie Savona, Emma Boyland, Cécile Knai
  Obesity Reviews.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Body Weight Perception and Health-Related Behaviors Among U.S. Adolescents: Mediating Effects of Body Weight Control Behaviors
  So Hyun Park, Hanjong Park, Myles Faith
  The Journal of School Nursing.2022; 38(4): 397.     CrossRef
• The association between social media addiction and orthorexia nervosa, eating attitudes, and body image among adolescents
  Gamze Yurtdaş-Depboylu, Gülşah Kaner, Semiha Özçakal
  Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia,.2022; 27(8): 3725.     CrossRef
• Effect of Social Media Celebrities on Children’s Satisfaction with Their Body Image
  Raja Omar Bahatheg
  International Journal of Mental Health Promotion.2022; 24(1): 95.     CrossRef
• The influence of social media on body dissatisfaction among college students
  Mashael Suwailem Alruwayshid, Shatha Ahmed Alduraywish, Abrar Hmod Allafi, Abeer Sluman Alshuniefi, Enas Fahad Alaraik, Fatmah Alreshidi, Ebtehaj Almughais, Norah Suwailem Alruwayshid
  Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2021; 10(4): 1741.     CrossRef
• IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND PEER PRESSURE ON EATING BEHAVIORS OF ADOLESCENTS
  Maria Aslam, Jannat Gull Khan, Gullnoor Khan, Henna Asif, Nafela Atta, Aqsa Rafique, Tuba Tahir, Nabeera Ahmed, Ayesha .
  Pakistan BioMedical Journal.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to examine engagement and satisfaction with a mobile web-based education program (HiChart) among pregnant women.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted of 97 pregnant women hospitalized for obstetric care. Data were collected from October 1 to November 30, 2016, and were analyzed with descriptive statistics.
Results
Among participants, 16.5% engaged fully with HiChart, while 43.3% engaged partially. The overall satisfaction with HiChart was high. Some main reasons for not engaging with the education were participants’ unawareness of the text messages, lack of time, and poor internet connection. The participants suggested that more educational content needed to be covered, such as coping with infant emergencies and information about the neonatal intensive care unit.
Conclusion
To increase pregnant women’s engagement with mobile web-based education, efforts are needed to strengthen the system of sending text messages as part of mobile web-based education to all patients, to inform pregnant women that an educational web link was sent, and to encourage them to engage with mobile web-based education. Furthermore, it is essential to improve the HiChart service by providing educational content corresponding to users’ needs.

Citations

• Exploring Pregnant Women’s Experiences With Mobile Chatbot-Based Antenatal Education: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
  Chien-Huei Kao, Hsiu-Chuan Chi, Ching-Yi Chang
  Western Journal of Nursing Research.2026; 48(4): 394.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of a Novel Supplemental Interactive Postpartum Telehealth Program: A Pilot Project
  Stacia L. Fridley, Tanya Tringali, Cindy L. Farley, Pamela Biernacki
  The Journal for Nurse Practitioners.2026; 22(3): 105690.     CrossRef
• Sistema de Enfermagem apoio-educação na promoção do autocuidado a gestante de alto risco
  Ryanne Carolynne Marques Gomes Mendes, Priscila Cabral Melo Holanda, Cleide Maria Pontes, Suzana de Oliveira Mangueira, Francisca Márcia Pereira Linhares
  REME-Revista Mineira de Enfermagem.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Process evaluation of a mobile healthcare program among employees with overweight and obesity: a 12-week intervention study investigating the role of engagement
  Imhuei Son, Jiyoun Hong, Young Hee Han, Bo Jeong Gong, Meng Yuan Zhang, Woori Na, Cheongmin Sohn, Taisun Hyun
  Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(6): 466.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of major satisfaction in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic achievement among nursing students.
Methods
Data were collected from 142 nursing students from March 5 to March 9, 2018, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 for Windows.
Results
Academic self-efficacy had a significant effect on both major satisfaction (β=.31, p<.001), and academic achievement (β=.43, p<.001). The parameter of major satisfaction was found to have a significant effect on the dependent variable, academic achievement (β=.22, p=.007), and the independent variable, academic self-efficacy, also had a significant effect on academic achievement (β=.39, p<.001). Thus, major satisfaction was found to have a partial mediating effect on the relationship between academic self efficacy and academic achievement. The Sobel test showed that the path of the academic achievement and academic self efficacy variables was significantly mediated by major satisfaction (Z=2.99, p=.003).
Conclusion
Academic self-efficacy was found to affect academic achievement, and major satisfaction was found to play a partial mediating role in the relationship between academic self efficacy and academic achievement.

Citations

• Mediation–Moderation Analysis of Senior High School Student Satisfaction, Academic Engagement, Gender, and Its Relationship With Learning Styles and Academic Performance
  Francis Britwum, Henry Yaw Acheampong, Samuel Obed Amoah, Edwin Adjei, Sandra Aidoo, Enoch Osei Agyemang
  Future in Educational Research.2026; 4(1): 74.     CrossRef
• The psychological resources of success: satisfaction with academic majors, psychological capital, and achievement motivation among future tourism and hospitality leaders
  Abdulaziz Mohammed Alismail, Mazen Omar Almulla, Abdullah Saleh Mohammed Albohnayh, Ahmed Hassan Abdou
  Frontiers in Psychology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Determinants of creative performance among millennial generation mediated by job satisfaction: A contribution to corporate strategy
  Sari Budiarti, Agus Wibowo, Tuty Sariwulan, Unggul Purwohedi, Rahayu Lestari, Saiful Falah
  Corporate and Business Strategy Review.2025; 6(1): 19.     CrossRef
• Development and validation of practice-based multimedia assisted item: a mixed-method study
  Inyoung Lee, Sujin Shin
  BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Parallel Dual Mediation Effects of Major Course Satisfaction and Academic Achievement on the the Relationship between Professor-Student Interaction and Institutional Commitment
  Young-Myung SONG
  THE JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCA.2025; 37(1): 166.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Learning Flow of Nursing College Students in Online Classes
  Soonyang JANG, Inju SEO
  THE JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCA.2025; 37(3): 578.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Nursing Students’ Academic Engagement and Burnout During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Path Analysis
  Ji Hyun Park, Jin-Hwa Park
  Nursing Reports.2025; 15(9): 339.     CrossRef
• The influence of nursing students’ digital literacy on academic achievement in a blended learning environment: Parallel multiple mediation effects of learning presence
  Ja Hyeon Ha, Eun Ju Choi
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2025; 31(4): 452.     CrossRef
• The Relationship among Maritime University Students’ College Choice Motivation, Career Identity, and Academic Achievement
  Hae-Mi SHIN
  THE JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCA.2025; 37(6): 1353.     CrossRef
• Relationship between readiness for interprofessional learning and academic self-efficacy among nursing students: a cross-sectional study
  Ran An, Jinfang Wang, Shaojie Li, Na Li, Yongtian Yin, Xinyuan Wang
  BMC Medical Education.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Geriatric Disaster Nursing Simulation Intervention With Supportive Debriefing
  Joo-Young Jin, Yun-Jung Choi
  Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Socie.2024; 19(5): e84.     CrossRef
• The role of grit in thinking styles and academic major satisfaction
  Sanyin Cheng, Li Deng, Jiaqi Li
  Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education.2024; 29(4): 527.     CrossRef
• Influence of Major Satisfaction and Academic Self-Efficacy on Problem-Solving Ability in Nursing Students
  Yun-Jung Oh
  Journal of Digital Contents Society.2024; 25(9): 2441.     CrossRef
• The Mediation Effect of Academic Self-Efficacy on Academic Procrastination, Performance, and Satisfaction of Chinese Local Technology University Undergraduates
  Qi Tian, Siti Mustapha, Jie Min
  Psychology Research and Behavior Management.2024; Volume 17: 3779.     CrossRef
• The influence of e-learning digital literacy on cognitive flexibility and learning flow in nursing students
  Jeongim Lee, Su Ol Kim
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2023; 25(2): 87.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Team-Based Learning in Obstetric Nursing Simulation Practical Education during the Postpartum Period
  Hyo Sin Choi, Su Jin Park, Su Ho Park
  Journal of Korea Society for Simulation in Nursing.2023; 11(2): 43.     CrossRef
• ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF TEACHER L2 USE ON LEARNER SELF-EFFICACY PERCEPTIONS: THE CASE OF CHILEAN ELEMENTARY EFL LEARNERS
  Marco Cancino, Samantha Mera
  TEFLIN Journal: A publication on the teaching and .2022; 33(1): 27.     CrossRef
• Influence of Learning Presence of Non-Face-to-Face Class Experience in Nursing Students on Academic Achievement: Mediating Effect of Learning Flow and Moderated Mediation of Digital Literacy
  Eui Jeong Ryu, Keum Seong Jang, Eun A Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(3): 278.     CrossRef
• Work Value Orientation and TVET Students’ Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy: The Mediating Role of Academic Major Satisfaction
  Azlin Kamaruddin, Roziah Mohd Rasdi
  Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanitie.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comparing the learning effects of debriefing modalities for the care of premature infants
  Myung‐Nam Lee, Shin‐Jeong Kim, Kyung‐Ah Kang, Sunghee Kim
  Nursing & Health Sciences.2020; 22(2): 243.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this descriptive survey study was to characterize the relationship between clinical decision-making and job satisfaction among pediatric nurses and to elucidate the mediating effects of the nurse-parent partnership on that relationship.
Methods
The subjects of the study were 174 nurses who had worked in a pediatric ward in a university hospital, general hospital, or children's hospital. Data were collected from June 20, 2016 to August 10, 2016 and analysed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and three-step mediated regression analysis in SPSS version 22.0 for Windows.
Results
The nurse-parent partnership had significant effects on clinical decision-making and job satisfaction, with an explanatory power of 19% and 26%, respectively. The nurse-parent partnership had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between clinical decision-making and job satisfaction (Sobel test: Z=4.31, p<.001).
Conclusion
The nurse-parent partnership had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between clinical decision-making and job satisfaction among pediatric nurses. Therefore, in order to improve the job satisfaction of pediatric nurses, it is necessary to develop effective educational programs and strategies to address their clinical decision-making and their experiences of the nurse-parent partnership.

Citations

• Impact of Pediatric Nurses’ Nursing Professionalism on Quality of Nursing Care: Double Mediating Effect of Clinical Decision Making and Pediatric Nurse-Parent Partnership
  Jung-Eun Lee, Mi-Young Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administratio.2024; 30(1): 55.     CrossRef
• Research trends in nurse–parent partnership: A scoping review of the paediatric field in South Korea
  Seo Jin Park, Ji Yeong Yun, Jina Lee, In Young Cho
  Nursing Open.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The influencing factors of pediatric nurses’ perception of patient safety culture and partnership with patients’ parents on patient safety nursing activities in South Korea: a descriptive study
  Seo Jin Lee, Young Ran Han
  Child Health Nursing Research.2024; 30(4): 255.     CrossRef
• Effects of Emotional Intelligence on Job Satisfaction of Pediatric Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Communication Skills and Pediatric Nurse-Parent Partnership
  Da Gyeon Lee, Mi-Young Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(5): 514.     CrossRef
• Influence of Communication Competence and Communication Style on the Nurse-Parent Partnership in Pediatric Nurses
  Hyun Jin Cho, Hyoung Sook Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursi.2022; 29(2): 170.     CrossRef
• The Experience of Emotional Labor and Its Related Factors among Nurses in General Hospital Settings in Republic of Korea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Da-Jung Ha, Jung-Hyun Park, Su-Eun Jung, Boram Lee, Myo-Sung Kim, Kyo-Lin Sim, Yung-Hyun Choi, Chan-Young Kwon
  Sustainability.2021; 13(21): 11634.     CrossRef

Purpose
Nurses experience burnout related to various factors. For this descriptive research job stress, compassion satisfaction, and compassion fatigue were examined as to their relationship to burnout in nurses from children’s hospital.
Methods
The participants were 305 nurses working in children’s hospital. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure job stress, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout.
Results
Nurses in children’s hospital experienced a greater than moderate degree of job stress, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout, whereas differences existed according to general characteristics. Job stress, compassion fatigue and burnout showed a significant positive correlation and results of compassion fatigue and burnout were similar. Also, job stress, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue were associated with burnout in nurses working in children’s hospital.
Conclusion
Findings indicate that as longer work experience is accompanied by higher job stress and burnout, it is necessary to develop intervention programs to reduce burnout among career nurses exposed to greater job stress in children’s hospital.

Citations

• Prediction of Job Burnout in Nurses Based on the Job Demands‐Resources Model: An Explainable Machine Learning Approach
  Yue Zeng, Xiangyu Zhao, Zihui Xie, Xiaohe Lin, Meiling Qi, Ping Li
  Journal of Advanced Nursing.2026; 82(3): 2232.     CrossRef
• Don’t overreact to negative events! The moderated mediations of overqualification in the relationships of workplace bullying, anger expression and deviance
  Bingyan Zhou, In-Jo Park
  Chinese Management Studies.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
• Variations in the compassion experience of Jordanian pediatric nurses: A comparative study using cluster analysis
  Yazan D. Al-Mrayat, Omamah K. Al-Soudi, Abdallah Abu Khait, Michael W. Smart, Salman M. Alreshidi
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2026; 88: 386.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting pediatric nurses’ development of partnerships with parents of hospitalized children: An evaluation based on the stress-coping adaptation model
  In Young Cho, So Hyoung Hong, Ji Yeong Yun
  Journal of Child Health Care.2025; 29(1): 53.     CrossRef
• The mediating role of psychological capital in the association between work engagement and occupational stress in pediatric nurses
  Kosar Abdeh Keykha, Mona Alinejad-Naeini, Hamid Peyrovi
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Changing Kindergarten Teachers’ Mindsets Toward Children to Overcome Compassion Fatigue
  Fangyan Chen, Yabo Ge, Wenjun Xu, Junshuai Yu, Yiwen Zhang, Xingjian Xu, Shuqiong Zhang
  Psychology Research and Behavior Management.2023; Volume 16: 521.     CrossRef
• Factors Associated with Job Stress among Hospital Nurses: A Meta-Correlation Analysis
  Ji-Young Lim, Geun-Myun Kim, Eun-Joo Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2022; 19(10): 5792.     CrossRef
• The development and evaluation of a pediatric nurse education program to improve nursing competency for newly graduated nurses in a children’s hospital
  Hae-kyung Shin, Hyo-yeong Kim, Hyun-Jung Kim, Min-kyung Kim, Hyun-joo Shin, Hoo-yun Lee, Jee-hee Han, Hye-jung Lee
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2022; 28(2): 179.     CrossRef
• A structural equation model of the relationship among occupational stress, coping styles, and mental health of pediatric nurses in China: a cross-sectional study
  Yating Zhou, Xiaoli Guo, Huaying Yin
  BMC Psychiatry.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Mediating effect of sleep disturbance and rumination on work-related burnout of nurses treating patients with coronavirus disease
  Salman Zarei, Khadijeh Fooladvand
  BMC Psychology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Negative Emotions and Job Burnout in News Media Workers: A Moderated Mediation Model of Rumination and Empathy
  Mingxiao Liu, Ning Wang, Pengcheng Wang, Haomeng Wu, Xianger Ding, Fengqing Zhao
  Journal of Affective Disorders.2021; 279: 75.     CrossRef
• Posttraumatic growth and burnout in pediatric nurses: The mediating role of secondary traumatization and the moderating role of meaning in work
  Yaira Hamama‐Raz, Liat Hamama, Ruth Pat‐Horenczyk, Yaffa Naomi Stokar, Tal Zilberstein, Efrat Bron‐Harlev
  Stress and Health.2021; 37(3): 442.     CrossRef
• Mediating Effects of Anger Expression in the Relationship of Work Stress with Burnout among Hospital Nurses Depending on Career Experience
  Hye Yeong Lee, Mi Heui Jang, Yoo Mi Jeong, Sohyune R. Sok, Ae Sil Kim
  Journal of Nursing Scholarship.2021; 53(2): 227.     CrossRef
• A Survey of Nurses' Need for Care Robots in Children's Hospitals
  Meiling Jin, Jeongeun Kim
  CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2020; 38(7): 349.     CrossRef
• Burnout amongst Nurses in Cancer Wards: Impact of Nursing Professionalism, Perfectionism, and Resilience
  Eun Ko, Hye Young Kim, Gwang Sook Kim, Rang Soon Kim, Hyang Sook So
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2018; 18(4): 214.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to level of satisfaction among mothers of preschoolers.
Methods
Participants were 359 mothers of firstborn healthy preschoolers. The questionnaires were collected from August 1 to November 21, 2012. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0.
Results
The mean score for degree of mothers’ parenting satisfaction was 5.94 out of 7. There were significant differences in the level of parenting satisfaction according to mother’s job (t=2.48, p=.014), planned pregnancy (t=3.07, p=.002), number of children (t=2.22, p=.027), and parenting education (F=4.33, p=.005). The environmental variables of age of spouse (F=3.06, p=.048) and monthly income of the household (F=2.87, p=.036) also seemed to have an influence. Analysis of predictors such as the mother’s job, planned pregnancy, parenting education, overall health problems, parenting stress, perception of emotional status and behaviors in children, age of spouse, and spouse’s support explained 31.5% of the variance in mother’s parenting satisfaction.
Conclusion
The results suggest a need to develop nursing intervention programs for parenting stress reduction, and health programs for fathers to support mothers’ child rearing.

Citations

• Parental Health-promoting Behaviors for Young Children in Intercultural Couples
  Hyunmi Son, Gyumin Han, Young-Sil Sohn
  Journal of Child and Family Studies.2024; 33(10): 3317.     CrossRef
• A Model for Role Transition of Older Mothers with Preschool Children
  Mee Kyung Kim, Hyang Mi Jung
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 37.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of child-care efficacy, job efficacy, and health promoting lifestyle on the job satisfaction of in-home child care helpers who are called Idolbomi.
Methods
Participants for this survey were 153 in-home child care helpers who worked in Seoul. Data were collected from May 23 to October 17, 2014 using self-report structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM/SPSS 18.0 program.
Results
There were significantly positive correlations between child-care efficacy, job efficacy, health promoting lifestyle, and job satisfaction. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the predictors of job satisfaction were spiritual growth, education level, job efficacy, effect of income.
Conclusion
Therefore, we need to develop strategies to enhance the job efficacy and health promoting lifestyle of in-home child care helpers to improve their job satisfaction.

Citations

• Factors Influencing Quality of Care Service of Caregivers for Preschoolers
  Soyeon Jung, Younhee Hong, Sohyune Sok
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(8): 4291.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was done to analyze the effectiveness of simulation-based integrated practice program (maternal-child) on nursing knowledge, self-confidence, and clinical competence of nursing students.
Methods
A nonequivalent control group pre-post experimental design was used to compare experimental and control group. The experimental group received the integrated simulation practice and the control group received a separate simulation for maternal care and for newborn care.
Results
The experimental group who had the integrated simulation had significantly higher scores for self-efficacy on nursing handover (F = 0.480 p = .012) and oxygen therapy in newborn care (F = 3.262 p = .037), and for clinical competence (F = 2.639, p < .001) and personal satisfaction with debriefing compared to the control group (F = 2.179, p = .044). But the experimental group did not have significantly higher scores in nursing knowledge.
Conclusions
The results indicate that an integrated simulation practice is an effective practice method to improve self-confidence, clinical competence and satisfaction. Also this study had significance in providing a setting similar to the clinical situation.

Citations

• Development and effect of hybrid simulation program for nursing students: focusing on a case of pediatric cardiac catheterization in Korea: quasi-experimental study
  Eunju Jin, Hyunju Kang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2024; 30(4): 277.     CrossRef
• Development of Integrated Simulation Module for Schizophrenia Patients with Hypertensive Crisis: Pilot Test
  Young Jin Kim, Kyoung Ja Moon
  Journal of Korea Society for Simulation in Nursing.2023; 11(2): 57.     CrossRef
• The effects of maternal-child nursing clinical practicum using virtual reality on nursing students’ competencies: a systematic review
  Sungwoo Hwang, Hyun Kyoung Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2022; 28(3): 174.     CrossRef
• The effects of a maternal nursing competency reinforcement program on nursing students’ problem-solving ability, emotional intelligence, self-directed learning ability, and maternal nursing performance in Korea: a randomized controlled trial
  Sun-Hee Kim, Bo Gyeong Lee
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2021; 27(3): 230.     CrossRef
• Effect of Practical Delivery-nursing Simulation Education on Team-based Learning on the Nursing Knowledge, Self-efficacy, and Clinical Competence of Nursing Students
  Sun Hee Lee
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2018; 24(2): 150.     CrossRef

Purpose
Child Health nurse practitioners (CHNPs) in Korea have important roles in disease management and health promotion for children and adolescents. Yet, practices of CHNPs licensed and employed in hospitals have not been adequately identified. Thus, in this study the scope of practice by CHNPs and job satisfaction and stress were investigated and compared according to the CHNPs’ position in the working place.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. All 53 licensed CHNPs participated in the mail survey which included a 71-item questionnaire on job performance and job satisfaction and a job contents questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, x² test, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare CHNPs employed as nurse practitioner (NP) and CHNPs employed as staff nurses.
Results
Compared to CHNPs employed as staff nurses, CHNPs employed as NPs more frequently provided education, environment management, coordination and research in their practice areas. No significant difference was found in job satisfaction between the two groups except for the administration and income subdomains. Only the physical exertion subdomain in job stress was stressful to CHNP employed as staff nurse.
Conclusions
Job performance of CHNPs in Korea needs to be revised to include more practical practice in education, coordination, and research related areas.

Citations

• Physical examination competence as a predictor of diagnostic reasoning among new advanced practice nurse students: a cross-sectional study
  Hyejung Lee, Young Joo Lee, JuHee Lee, Sanghee Kim
  Contemporary Nurse.2019; 55(4-5): 360.     CrossRef
• Pediatric nurse practitioners’ clinical competencies and knowing patterns in nursing: Focus group interviews
  Hyejung Lee, Anna Kim, Anna Meong, Minjeong Seo
  Contemporary Nurse.2017; 53(5): 515.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe the subjective happiness and satisfaction with life of children with type 1 diabetes and explore related factors.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used and the study was conducted with children at a diabetes camp. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire to explore positive and negative psychological factors. The questionnaire included Subjective Happiness Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Perceived Stress Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and General Self-Efficacy Scale.
Results
Data from 15 children were used for data analysis. The correlational analysis results showed that subjective happiness was positively correlated satisfaction with life, social support, and self-efficacy, and was negatively correlated with perceived stress. Satisfaction with life was positively correlated social support, and was negatively correlated with perceived stress.
Conclusion
Results indicate that the positive psychology factors were closely related with social support and self-efficacy and may alleviate perceived stress and depressive feelings. Therefore, researchers and clinicians should include positive psychological factors in their health management model for children with chronic illness.

Citations

• The mediating effect of subjective oral health status on the relationship between subjective masticatory function, happiness, and quality of life among geriatric patients with diabetes based on the 2024 Community Health Survey Data
  Ye-Eun Shim, Seung-Eun Lee
  Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2026; 43(1): 133.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing quality of life in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study in South Korea
  Hye-Ryeon Park, So-Yeon Park
  Belitung Nursing Journal.2025; 11(3): 357.     CrossRef
• Process of Diabetes Management in Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
  Hyung-Eun Seo, Miyoung Kim, Eun-Young Doo, Jihye Choi
  Western Journal of Nursing Research.2020; 42(4): 278.     CrossRef
• Tell Me A Story: Promoting resiliency in military children with a bibliotherapy intervention
  Katherine Marie Conover
  Nursing Forum.2020; 55(3): 439.     CrossRef
• Blood Glucose Control and Related Factors at a Camp for Korean Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
  Narae Kang, Jieun Lee, Dong-Ho Park, Soo-Kyung Lee, So-Young Nam, Sanghyun Lee, Mincheol Kim, Heesook Kang, Euiyeon Kim, Misoon Kim, Min Sohn
  Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing.2018; 41(1): 58.     CrossRef
• Family quality of life among families of children with atopic dermatitis
  Hae Ji Jang, Seonyeong Hwang, Youngmee Ahn, Dae Hyun Lim, Min Sohn, Jeong Hee Kim
  Asia Pacific Allergy.2016; 6(4): 213.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare self-esteem, perceived life satisfaction, depression and aggression according to the experience of suicidal impulse in adolescents.
METHODS
Data were collected from 249 middle and high school students in J city. The constructed questionnaires included items on self-esteem, perceived life satisfaction, depression and aggression.
RESULTS
Self-esteem, perceive life satisfaction, depression, and aggression differed significantly between the suicidal impulse group and non-suicidal impulse group. The suicidal impulse group experienced lower self-esteem (OR=3.27), higher depression (OR=12.38) and higher aggression (OR=5.72) than the non-suicidal impulse group.
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate that integrated and effective interventions are needed to prevent suicidal attempts by adolescents who had experiences of suicidal impulse. Information on the cognitive, psychological and social characteristics of adolescents must be considered when developing the interventions.

Citations

• The Relationship Between Parental Academic Achievement Pressure, Physical Activity, Self-Esteem, and Body Image Among South Korean Adolescents
  Gun-Soo Han, Jae-Ahm Park
  Adolescents.2024; 4(4): 484.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Subjective Happiness among Korean Adolescent: Analysis of 2014 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey
  Han-Na Kim, Jeong-Seon Kim, Seung-Hyun Roh
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperati.2015; 16(11): 7656.     CrossRef
• Suicidal Ideation and Associated Factors by Sex in Adolescents
  Ji-Soo Kim
  The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2012; 12(12): 261.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to build and test a theoretical model that could be used to explain and predict parenting behavior of mothers with preschool children.
METHODS
The participants were 298 mothers with preschool children. Data were analyzed using the SAS (Statistical Analysis System) and AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures) programs.
RESULTS
Parenting stress showed a direct effect on parenting satisfaction. Parenting efficacy showed a direct effect on parenting behavior. Parenting stress showed an indirect effect on parenting behavior. Parenting efficacy was found to mediate the relationship between parenting stress and parenting behavior. Income and mother's perfectionism had an impact on parenting behavior.
CONCLUSION
The outcomes of this study indicate the necessity of designing intervention programs that emphasize increasing parenting efficacy in order to increase positive parenting behavior.

Citations

• The Effects of Maternal Childhood Attachment and Paternal Involvement in Child-Rearing and Maternal Parenting Efficacy on Parenting Behavior of Mothers with Infants
  Hye-Jin Oh, Hyun-Sim Doh
  Korean Journal of Child Studies.2019; 40(2): 115.     CrossRef
• Parenting Stress and Maternal–Child Interactions Among Preschool Mothers From the Philippines, Korea, and Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional, Comparative Study
  Yong-Sook Eo, Ji-Soo Kim
  Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2018; 29(5): 449.     CrossRef
• A Model for Role Transition of Older Mothers with Preschool Children
  Mee Kyung Kim, Hyang Mi Jung
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 37.     CrossRef
• Factors Related to Parenting Satisfaction among Mothers of Preschoolers
  Inkyung Jung, Young-Hae Kim, Hyun-Mi Son
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(4): 449.     CrossRef
• Parenting Self-Efficacy and Parental Involvement: Mediators or Moderators Between Socioeconomic Status and Children’s Academic Competence in Japan and Korea?
  Susan D. Holloway, Emily J. Campbell, Ayumi Nagase, Soojung Kim, Sawako Suzuki, Qian Wang, Kyoko Iwatate, Sun Yong Baak
  Research in Human Development.2016; 13(3): 258.     CrossRef
• The Causal Relationship between Maternal Parenting Stress and Self-Efficacy by Employment Status
  Nary Shin, Jaejin Ahn
  Korean Journal of Child Studies.2014; 35(5): 135.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate factors contributing to internet addiction in 4th, 5th, and 6th graders from low income families.
METHODS
Participants for this study were 201 4th, 5th, and 6th graders from low income families living in Taegu. Data were collected from March, 2 to May, 29, 2013 using self-report structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 20.0 programme.
RESULTS
Among the students, 78.6% were regular users, 14.4% were potential users, and 7.0% were high-risk users. The factors influencing internet addiction, in order of importance, were; conversation with family, followed by depression.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that efforts should make to monitor use of internet by elementary school children from low income families, and preventive strategies should be developed taking into consideration factors that influence internet addiction.

Citations

• Parental and Child Factors Associated With Internet Addiction in Children
  Mee Kyung Lee, Yujeong Kim
  Western Journal of Nursing Research.2023; 45(11): 1001.     CrossRef
• Examining the Relationship between Life Satisfaction, Smartphone Addiction, and Maternal Parenting Behavior: A South Korean Example of Mothers with Infants
  Seung-Min Song, Bokyung Park, Jung-Eun Kim, Jung Eun Kim, Nam-Shim Park
  Child Indicators Research.2019; 12(4): 1221.     CrossRef
• Consumers' Needs for Public Education and Corporate Participation Regarding Child Internet Addiction: Based on the Risk Perception Attitude Framework
  Su‐Jung Nam, Hyesun Hwang
  Journal of Consumer Affairs.2019; 53(3): 1220.     CrossRef
• Effects and Development of an Experience-based Sex Education Program for Adjustment to Puberty in Upper Elementary Students
  Jaeyoung Lee, So Yeon Park, Minji Je, Hyeon Ok Ju
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(4): 454.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on weight of premature infants when Yakson therapy was conducted by mothers and also to measure role confidence and role satisfaction of the mothers.
METHOD
A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. The data were collected from January to July, 2005. Thirty preterm infants and mothers were assigned to either an experimental (15) or a control group (15). Yakson therapy consists of three phases: laying on of hands, caressing by hands, and laying on of hands again, each phase taking 5 minutes. Yakson therapy was provided to infants in the experimental group for 15-minutes 5 times a day for 15 days. Infant weight, mothers' role confidence and satisfaction with role were measured for both groups.
RESULTS
Compared to the control group, weight gain of infants in the experimental group (t=2.05, p=.049) was significantly increased after 15 days. The experimental group also had significantly higher scores in mothers' role confidence (t=1.98, p=.038).
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that Yakson therapy can be used to increase weight gain in preterm infants and improve the role confidence of mothers.

PURPOSE
This study was done to investigate the effects of a massage program on the growth of premature infants and on the mothers' confidence and satisfaction in the mothering role.
METHODS
The participants were 29 mothers of premature infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit at CNU Hospital (14 in the massage program group and 15 in control group). Massage was done for 10-15 minutes, 2-3 times a day for 4 weeks. The data were using the SAS PC+ program.
RESULT
Significant differences were found in the ratios of weight gain (Z=2.24, p=.013), grow in length (Z=2.50, p=.006) and increase in head circumference (Z=1.91, p=.028) between the massage program group and the control group. Confidence in the mothering role was significantly higher for mothers in the massage program group compared to those in the control group (Z=2.69, p=.004), but there was no significant difference in satisfaction with the mothering role between the two groups (Z=.88, p=.191).
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the massage program enhances growth of premature infants as well as enhancing the mother's confidence in her role as mother. Therefore, the massage program for premature infants can be use as an effective nursing intervention.

PURPOSE
This study was done to investigate satisfaction with life in adolescents, and to identify factors affecting satisfaction with life for adolescents. METHOD: The participants were 540 adolescents. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were constructed to include satisfaction with life, mental health, family adaptability and cohesion, and school adjustment. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program. RESULTS: Satisfaction with life in adolescents correlated with mental health, family adaptability and cohesion, and school adjustment. Satisfaction with life in adolescents was significantly different according to scholastic achievement, parents being alive, economic level of family, and types of family cohesion and adaptability. Significant predictors influencing satisfaction with life in adolescents were school adjustment, family cohesion, mental health, and economic level of family, and these predictors accounted for 28.3% of the variance in satisfaction with life. CONCLUSION: The above findings indicate that satisfaction with life in adolescents is influenced by mental health, family function, and school adjustment. Therefore when nursing interventions are developed to improve satisfaction with life in adolescents, these factors need to be considered.

PURPOSE
S: The purposes of this study were to evaluate parent satisfaction with inpatient hospital services in children's hospitals and to identify variables related to parent satisfaction. METHOD: A descriptive correlation study was conducted. Parents of 165 children who were inpatients in two children's hospitals participated in the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaire at the time of discharge. For statistical analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis were used. RESULTS: The highest parent satisfaction domain was nursing service, and the lowest parent satisfaction domain was hospital service and accommodations. Parents were less likely to be satisfied with hospital facilities, equipment, noise and cleaning and less likely to be satisfied with the lack of information they received and with the lack of communication with health care professionals. Parents with longer length of stay and with older children reported higher satisfaction than their counterparts. Moreover, parent satisfaction was related to their intention to revisit and related to intention to recommend this surveyed hospital over others. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to improve parent satisfaction in children's hospital service and accommodation are needed to improve the quality of health care. Communication by health care professionals with parents and a partnership between parents and health care professionals are necessary to improve quality of care.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to determine rate of breastfeeding practice at 3 months and to examine predictors for breastfeeding practice.
METHOD
Study subjects were 114 mothers who gave birth at one hospital in Busan area. Data regarding breastfeeding practice and potentially related factors to breastfeeding were collected through a self-administered questionaire at 1 weeks and a telephone survey at 3 months. Logistic regression was used to identifiy significant the predictors on breastfeeding practice.
RESULT
Rate of breastfeeding practice was 46.5% at three months of postpartum. The significant predictors for performing breastfeeding were lower the experience of breastfeeding trouble problem(OR=.88 compared with breastfeeding women, 95% CI; 78-.99), higher first breastfeeding satisfaction (OR=1.81 compared with non-breastfeeding women, 95% CI; 1.08-3.32), higher breastfeeding confidence(OR=1.84 compared with non-breastfeeding women, 95% CI; 1.08-3.32).
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest the necessity of support program for mothers during the positive postpartum period to provide correct information about breastfeeding knowledge and attitude and to teach problem-solving skills for any breastfeeding problems for highere rate of breastfeeding practice.

PURPOSE
this study was intended to search the relationship between perception of the infant temperament in mother of infant at the age of 1~12 months and maternal confidence and satisfaction in performing maternal role, and to submit a basic data to establish a nursing intervention program which is helpful for determination of infant development and performing maternal role promotion by identify variables associated with infant temperament.
METHOD
The subjects of this study were 300 mothers of infant at the age of 1~12 months who visited well baby clinic in 4 hospitals in Busan city and Kyoung-Nam province. Final analysis was performed in 293 cases. Seven cases was excluded in this study because of its inappropriate data collection. The data was collected from 1st July to 15th August 2002. The questionaries which were fill-up by mother were collected. Infant temperament was measured by using the tool of "what my baby is like"(WBL) which was developed by Priham et. al.(1994) and translated by Bang(1999). The scale of postpartum self evaluation which was developed by Lederman et al(1981) and translated by Lee(1992) was used for the confidence and satisfaction of maternal role. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS-PC for window, version 10.0: frequency, percentage, minimum, maximum, mean, SD, t-test, ANOVA, Post-hoc test(Scheffe's test), Pearson Correlation Coefficients.
RESULT
The mean score of maternal perception of the infant temperament was 6.17 +/-1.04, and mother recognized her infant as positive. The mean score of confidence of maternal role was 2.89+/-.41 and this revealed in an average level. The mean score of satisfaction of maternal role was 3.29+/-.51 and this revealed in a higher level. There was a weak significant positive correlation between the score of maternal perception of infant temperament and confidence of maternal role(r=0.176, P= .003), but there was no significant correlation between satisfaction of maternal role(P > .05). It revealed the more maternal perception of the infant temperament as positive, the higher confidence of maternal role. There was a moderate significant positive correlation between confidence of maternal role and satisfaction of maternal role(r=0.410, P= .000). It revealed the more confidence of maternal role, the higher satisfaction of maternal role. The variables related with the score of maternal perception of infant temperament were the type of delivery (t=-2.600, P= .010), experience of learning baby care(t=2.382, P= .018), maternal perception on baby's health status(F=3.467, P= .033), maternal perception on her health status(F=3.467, P= .027), baby's age(F=3.080, P= .028).
CONCLUSION
Our result showed the confidence of maternal role was increased as the maternal perception of infant temperament was positive, and conformed that the confidence of maternal role was also related with satisfaction of maternal role. Prenatal education, type of delivery, baby's age were also related with the maternal perception of infant temperament. So, nursing intervention program of developmental stage maybe necessary in order to help maternal perception of infant temperament as positive, and it will be increased the confidence of maternal role and satisfaction of performing maternal role which was considered as real indicate of achievement of maternal role.

This study was done to evaluate the need and satisfaction for nursing care of the families with their hospitalized children. The data were collected through the questionnaire from March 15, 2002 to April 7. Subjects were the 103 families caring for their hospitalized children at pediatric ward in two university hospitals in Daegu. The nursing need instrument was developed by Seo(1999) and modified by the researcher of this study based on the classification of nursing care area(nursing assessment, direct nursing, education and counseling, and facilities and environment). The nursing satisfaction instrument was developed by Wandelt & Ager(1974) and modified by Park(1994) based on classification of nursing care area (psychosocial care, physical care, general care, professional care, and communicative care). The results are summarized as follows: 1. The scores in the nursing need showed in the Direct nursing(3.41 +/- .42), Facilities and Environment(3.38 +/- .46), Education and Counseling (3.35 +/- .40), and Nursing Assessment(3.14 +/- .41) area in order. 2.The scores in the nursing satisfaction showed in the Psychosocial care(3.70 +/- .74), Commu- nicative care(3.60 +/- .72), General care(3.42 +/- .76), Professional care(3.38 +/- .82), and Physical care(3.32 +/- .70) area in order. 3.General characteristics of families which influence on the satisfaction showed a significant difference according to their educational(F=5.63, p=.001) and economical level(F=4.47, p=.006), and hospitalized experience(t=2.30, p=0.02). 4. There was no correlation between the nursing need and the nursing satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to provide qualified nursing care to examine the degree of satisfaction with nursing care of pediatric patients visiting emergency center. Data were collected from March, 8 to June, 5, 1999 from 304 subjects including 2 University hospitals located in Seoul. Using the 23 item questionnaire, which made out by Davis CHECSS tool through modification and supplement by researchers. The collected data were scored by use of means and standard deviations according to the degree of satisfaction with nursing care of pediatric patients visiting emergency center and each item as an independent variable was analysed by t-test and ANOVA test. The results are as follows. 1. The degree of satisfaction with the nursing care of pediatric patients visiting emergency center showed as an average of 3.69. 2. With the resept of general characteristics related to pediatric patients visiting emergency center, there were statiscally significant difference in duration of stay at emergency center(F=2.908, p=.014), type of disease(F=1.777, p=.046). The degree of satisfaction with the nursing care of pediatric patients of examiners showed relatively high, but emotional care and information supply are required.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in eating disorders and in several risk factors; body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, self-esteem, and depression.
METHOD
The data were collected from 423 students in grades 5 or 6 (230 male and 193 female) in this cross-sectional study. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression were used with the SPSS/PC ver 12.0 program.
RESULTS
Girls experienced more symptoms of eating disorders, body dissatisfaction, and depression than boys. There were also gender differences in risk factors. For girls, depression, socially-prescribed perfectionism, and body dissatisfaction were related to eating disorder behaviors, whereas for boys, depression, self-oriented perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem were related to eating disorder behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the present study indicate that risk factors for eating disorders for boys and girls may be different, and these differences have implications for understanding the etiology of eating disorders and should be considered in planning possible nursing interventions.

PURPOSE
The father's role performance in this study was identified as the correlation between self-confidence and satisfaction with parenting role by husbands of primiparous.
METHODS
Participants were recruited at a professional obstetric and gynecologic hospital in Seoul. For use in this study, the tool by Lederman et al. was modified to incorporate father's self-confidence and satisfaction with role performance. Percentages, means, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficients were used to analyze the data with the SPSS WIN 11.0m program.
RESULTS
The mean score for self-confidence in father's role performance was 35.19 and satisfaction in father's role performance was 45.13. General characteristic significantly related to father's role performance were marriage satisfaction and type of delivery. Also marriage satisfaction and religion were related to satisfaction with role performance in this study. There was a positive correlation between degree of self-confidence and degree of satisfaction in father's role performance.
CONCLUSIONS
The degree of satisfaction in father's role performance was positively related to self-confidence. So, nursing interventions to improve father's role performance may lead to improvement in father's self-confidence and satisfaction with role performance. Further research is needed to exam causality.

PURPOSE
This study was to develop a nursing intervention for infants nursing. Meridian massage and to investigate its effects on the behavioral state of the infants, mothering role satisfaction and mother-infant attachment.
METHOD
This study was conducted using a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design in quasi experimental basis. Infants and mothers from Y health center were selected for the experimental group(17) and control group(14). Data were collected from August 11, 2005 to February 24, 2006. Infants in the experimental group were given Meridian massage education and practice for 50min three times a week for 3 weeks.
RESULTS
For behavioral state, when inactive infants in the experimental group showed a statistical significant difference by being in a greater state of alert as compared to the control group. The attachment of mother and infant was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. Satisfaction with mothering role was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group.
CONCLUSION
Meridian massage is an effective nursing intervention to improve positive behavioral state in infants and also in maternal-infant interaction.