Purpose
The aim of this study was to develop a self-control competency scale for school-aged children and to confirm its reliability and validity.
Methods
This study involved methodological research to verify the reliability and validity of a self-control competency scale for school-aged children. Data were collected from 438 students in the fifth and sixth grades of elementary school.
Results
The self-control competency scale was composed of 13 items and six subscales (control of relationship with one's teacher, problem-solving, peer empathy, control of relationships with one's peers, impulse control, and emotional control). The internal consistency reliability of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach's ⍺, which was .83 for the entire scale and ranged from .65 to .76 for the subscales. The model of six subscales was validated by CFA (CMIN/df=1.977; p<.001, GFI=.94, SRMR=.050, RMSEA=.065, IFI=.95, TLI=.93, CFI=.95). Concurrent validity was evaluated by comparing this scale to the scale developed by Nam and Ok (2000), and a significant correlation was found (r=.82, p<.001). On this scale, higher scores indicate higher levels of self-control among late-school-aged children.
Conclusion
This scale can be used as a valid and reliable instrument for examining self-control competency among late-school-aged children.

Purpose
This study sought to develop the Breastfeeding Adaptation Scale-Short Form(BFAS-SF) for use at 4 weeks postpartum, to test its validity and reliability, and to examine its measurement invariance. The latent mean score of the BFAS-SF across multiple groups was also compared.
Methods
This methodological research study was conducted to develop a short form of the BFAS and to test its psychometric properties and measurement invariance. Data were collected twice for measurement invariance testing. The sample included 431 and 272 breastfeeding mothers at 2 weeks and 4 weeks postpartum, respectively.
Results
Confirmatory factor analysis supported six dimensions of the BFAS-SF at 4 weeks postpartum. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed evidence for invariance of the BFAS-SF according to employment status, parity, delivery mode, and the postpartum period. There were statistically significant latent mean differences. Mothers who were unemployed and who had a vaginal delivery showed significantly higher scores for breastfeeding confidence, sufficient breast milk, and baby’s satisfaction with breastfeeding.
Conclusion
The BFAS-SF is valid, reliable, and an appropriate instrument for assessing mothers’ breastfeeding adaptation. It can be used to compare mean scores according to employment status and delivery mode.

Citations

• Risk factors for self‐reported insufficient milk during the first 6 months of life: A systematic review
  Sofia Segura‐Pérez, Linda Richter, Elizabeth C. Rhodes, Amber Hromi‐Fiedler, Mireya Vilar‐Compte, Misikir Adnew, Kate Nyhan, Rafael Pérez‐Escamilla
  Maternal & Child Nutrition.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Measurement Invariance and Latent Mean Differences in the Nurses' Emotional Labour Scale
  Sun-Hee KIM, Eunkyung LEE, Jin-Hwa PARK
  Journal of Nursing Research.2022; 30(6): e239.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Quality of Life in Early Postpartum Women
  Yu-Jeong Jeong, Ju-Hee Nho, Hye Young Kim, Ji Young Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(6): 2988.     CrossRef
• Emzirme Adaptasyon Ölçeği Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
  Yasemin DİNÇEL, Resmiye ÖZDİLEK
  Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimler.2021; 3(3): 190.     CrossRef
• Breastfeeding Adaptation Scale-Short Form for mothers at 2 weeks postpartum: construct validity, reliability, and measurement invariance
  Sun-Hee Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2020; 26(4): 326.     CrossRef