Purpose This study sought to develop the Breastfeeding Adaptation Scale-Short Form(BFAS-SF) for use at 4 weeks postpartum, to test its validity and reliability, and to examine its measurement invariance. The latent mean score of the BFAS-SF across multiple groups was also compared.
Methods This methodological research study was conducted to develop a short form of the BFAS and to test its psychometric properties and measurement invariance. Data were collected twice for measurement invariance testing. The sample included 431 and 272 breastfeeding mothers at 2 weeks and 4 weeks postpartum, respectively.
Results Confirmatory factor analysis supported six dimensions of the BFAS-SF at 4 weeks postpartum. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed evidence for invariance of the BFAS-SF according to employment status, parity, delivery mode, and the postpartum period. There were statistically significant latent mean differences. Mothers who were unemployed and who had a vaginal delivery showed significantly higher scores for breastfeeding confidence, sufficient breast milk, and baby’s satisfaction with breastfeeding.
Conclusion The BFAS-SF is valid, reliable, and an appropriate instrument for assessing mothers’ breastfeeding adaptation. It can be used to compare mean scores according to employment status and delivery mode.
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Methods Data were collected from 217 mothers who breastfed their healthy baby for 1 month after childbirth and had no postpartum complications. The data were analyzed by hierarchical regression analysis.
Results The factors significantly associated with maternal attachment were an emotional exchange with one's baby (β=.41, p<.001), breastfeeding confidence (β=.20, p=.022), depression ('quite a bit or more', β=-.18, p=.005), and depression ('a little', β =-.14, p=.024). The model explained 38.4% of variance in maternal attachment.
Conclusion In order to improve attachment, nurses should be actively supported in helping mothers in the first month postpartum adapt to breastfeeding. Interventions to prevent postpartum depression should also be conducted.
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Methods A total of 128 nurses in the neonatal intensive care units of general hospitals in B city participated. The data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, ANOVA, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression with SPSS version 22.0.
Results The coping strategy that nurses most often used was seeking social support. The factors affecting the well-being of the participants were wishful thinking, problem-focused coping and seeking social support, in order. Those 3 variables explained 21 % of the total variance in psychological well-being. Problem-focused coping and seeking social support were positively associated with psychological well-being, while wishful thinking showed a negative association.
Conclusion In order to improve the psychological well-being of nurses in neonatal intensive care units, it is necessary to provide nurses with a program to build a social support system and to improve their problem-based coping skills.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop an experience-based sex education program to improve adjustment to puberty in elementary school students in the upper grades and to verify its effectiveness.
Methods This study had a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. The subjects of this study were a total of 95 sixth-graders in Y city (experimental group: 48, control group: 47). The measurement variables were sexual knowledge, body image, self-esteem, and satisfaction with life. Four sessions of the experience-based sex education program to improve adjustment to puberty, consisting of 40 minutes per session, were provided to the experimental group.
Results Children’s sexual knowledge, self-esteem, and satisfaction with life in the experimental group, which participated in the experience-based sexual education program to improve adjustment to puberty, showed a significant increase compared to the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in body image.
Conclusion This study presents the development of an experience-based sex education program for adjustment to puberty to overcome the shortcomings of existing sex education programs that are limited to sexual knowledge and attitudes, and also verified that the sexual knowledge, self-esteem, and life satisfaction of the elementary school students who were provided with the program improved meaningfully.
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Purpose The main purpose of this study was to explore the adaptation experience of adolescent cancer survivors during and after cancer treatment, and their perceived social support networks.
Methods This study was a qualitative descriptive study using the in-depth interview. Eight adolescent cancer survivors who were diagnosed with cancer between 11 to 18 years old participated in the study.
Results The adaptation experiences of adolescent cancer survivors over time were identified within five categories for during their treatment such as “being catapulted from one’s life,” “standing at the center of discomfort,” “falling behind the line,” “accepting the change,” “being developed”, and another five categories for after the treatment including “being shackled,” “encountering the forgotten reality,” “overcoming and emerging from the reality,” “growing into adulthood,” “entering into a new orbit.” Participants reported the various members of their social support network and their roles during and after the treatment as well.
Conclusion While adolescent cancer survivors adjusted to their changing situations after the cancer diagnosis, their internalized adaptation, as well as perceived social support from their diverse surrounding network, played significant roles. These findings will become a valuable asset for developing age-appropriate nursing interventions to promote psychosocial adjustment of adolescents with cancer.
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