Purpose
Education on infant safe sleep practices has been known to reduce the risk of sleep-related sudden unexpected infant death. Since sleep environments may vary across sociocultural contexts, infant safe sleep education needs to reflect specific sociocultural settings. This study aimed to develop an educational Protocol for Infant Safe Sleep (PISS) for primary caregivers in Korea that considers parenting behaviors and cultural characteristics.
Methods
This study was conducted in three key methodological steps: (1) retrieval, defining, and systematic classification of PISS content; (2) the structural formulation of the content as an educational protocol; and (3) content validation. For the first step, a literature review was conducted, along with an analysis of educational materials from institution websites related to infant safe sleep and online parenting communities. Field observations were also conducted to identify relevant Korean culture characteristics. Based on these findings, the PISS was developed. Content validity index was assessed by six professionals, and the results were reflected into the educational program.
Results
The PISS intervention provided an educational video and booklet and enhanced learning via phone counseling and educational kit, which comprised an illustrated safe sleep sticker and a calendar-style activity diary. The educational content consisted of (1) sleep location, (2) sleep position, (3) bedding, (4) clothes and temperature, and (5) other considerations.
Conclusion
This study developed the PISS, an intangible educational intervention based on Korean sociocultural characteristics and specific guidelines for primary caregivers. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of this program in promoting safe sleep practices.

Purpose
To describe the process of systematically developing an integrated health promotion program for school-age children from vulnerable families.
Methods
In this study, we applied the first three steps—analysis, design, and development (ADD)—of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model. The analysis step involved a literature review and needs assessment. In the design step, program components were considered and a program draft was developed. The program content was modified based on expert validation in the development step. The preliminary program was administered in the implementation step, and the final program was confirmed in the evaluation step.
Results
The program contents were based on the literature review, needs assessment, and Ryan’s integrated theory of health behavior change. The content was valid, and the educational material was appropriate for school-age children from vulnerable families. The finalized program consists of six sessions to promote physical, psychological, and social health using individual/group and face-to-face/online methods, including two that involve both parents and children.
Conclusion
This study presents a detailed description of how the program was developed and illustrates the critical elements that should be considered during similar program development. The effect of this program on health promotion behavior should be examined in future research.

Citations

• Development of a standard nutrition management model algorithm for personalized care in social welfare facilities for the disabled
  Su-Jin Lee, Ji-Won Kang, Sil Ah Kim, Kirang Kim, Sohyun Park, Jieun Oh, Hyunjoo Ryou, Ji-Yun Hwang
  Journal of Nutrition and Health.2025; 58(5): 498.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to develop and examine the effects of a psychosocial adaptation program for North Korean adolescent defectors.
Methods
This quasi-experimental study was conducted with 28 North Korean adolescent defectors who were recruited through alternative schools. The experimental and control groups consisted of 14 participants each. A program was conducted across eight sessions, each lasting about 90-120 minutes. The data were analyzed using the x² test, t-test, paired t-test, and analysis of covariance.
Results
No significant differences were observed in the score changes for psychosocial adaptation (t=0.25, p=.808), post-traumatic stress symptoms (t=0.32, p=.749), cultural adaptation stress (t=0.05, p=.957), and self-efficacy (t=0.35, p=.726) in either group before and after the intervention. No intergroup differences were observed for psychosocial adaptation (t=0.12, p=.902), post-traumatic stress symptoms (t=0.07, p=.946), cultural adaptation stress (t=0.01, p=.994), and self-efficacy (t=0.58, p=.570).
Conclusion
These findings suggest that psychosocial adaptation, stress, and self-efficacy cannot be improved by a short-term intervention program alone. It was also determined that the cultural characteristics of the North Korean adolescent defectors were not sufficiently considered before implementing the program. Therefore, it is essential to provide an in-depth orientation for the participants before implementing the program.

Citations

• Qualitative Research on Early Childhood Education in North Korea: Literature and Interviews with Defector Educators
  Yu-Jin Jang, Young-Meen Suh
  Child Indicators Research.2025; 18(2): 501.     CrossRef
• A mixed systematic review of interventions to support the well-being of refugee youth in school and community settings
  Amira Noyes, Nataliya Kubishyn, Jason Brown
  Children and Youth Services Review.2025; 176: 108371.     CrossRef
• Sexual Knowledge, Sexual Attitudes, and the Need for Sex Education Among Adolescent Defectors From North Korea
  In-Sook Lee, Jung-Hee Jeon, Kyoung Ja Kim
  Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2024; 35(4): 280.     CrossRef
• Leisure during the Escape and Adaption in South Korea: A Life Story of a North Korean Adolescent Defector
  Monika Stodolska
  Leisure Sciences.2024; : 1.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to systematically develop an obesity prevention program for adolescents to promote healthy eating and physical activity in schools.
Methods
The development of the Let's Eat Healthy and Move at School program for adolescents followed the six steps of intervention mapping (IM). IM is a widely used protocol for developing systematic and effective interventions based on theories and evidence.
Results
To better understand the problem and identify the needs of adolescents, interviews were conducted with teachers, school nurses, and students (step 1). In step 2, the desired behaviors and their determinants were established and combined into a matrix comprising 16 change objectives. In step 3, theoretical methods such as persuasive communication and consciousness-raising were chosen. The program was segmented into three educational activity sessions in step 4. In step 5, an implementation manual was developed for program instructors to ensure effective and accurate implementation. Finally, practices for evaluating the program's effectiveness and procedures were designed in step 6.
Conclusion
The Let’s Eat Healthy and Move at School program will provide adolescents with guidelines to promote healthy living and prevent obesity in everyday life using strategies for sustainable adolescent obesity prevention and management.

Citations

• Healthier School Systems for Learners: Government Role in Fostering Holistic Interventions
  Nsikakabasi Samuel George, Deborah Oluwaseun Shomuyiwa, Molly Unoh Ogbodum, Francis Ima Imoke, Alicja Domagała
  Journal of Education and Community Health.2024; 11(2): 112.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study describes the development of a violence prevention educational program for elementary school children using empathy (VPEP-E) that teachers can use during class.
Methods
Hoffman's theory of empathy and Seels and Richey's (1994) ADDIE model were applied to develop this program.
Results
The developed program consisted of eight sessions: Orientation/definition of violence and empathy, types and boundaries of violence, look into my feelings, say it with a facial expression, preventing non-empathic violence due to social prejudice, preventing physical violence, verbal and online violence prevention: empathic conversation, and I can do well: review of the whole curriculum. The program was evaluated by 15 elementary school teachers, who considered it to be easily accessible to elementary school students. The final VPEP-E, which will be provided in eight times for 40 minutes each for fifth-grade students, will provide a basis for preventing violence by fostering empathy.
Conclusion
We expect the developed educational program to be effective in preventing violence among elementary school students. However, further research involving children from various age groups is needed.

Citations

• Comparación de Estrategias de Prevención contra la Violencia Escolar a Nivel Internacional
  Nélsido Félix Polanco
  Sciencevolution.2025; 4(2): 58.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a positive psychology-based mental health promotion program for high school students.
Methods
This study used a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. A total of 47 high school students participated from two high schools in Gyeonggi Province. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=24), which participated in the 8-session program, or to a control group (n=23). Psychological well-being, depression, and self-esteem were measured.
Results
A significant difference in psychological well-being was observed between the two groups after the program. However, there were no significant between-group differences in depression or self-esteem.
Conclusion
The positive psychology-based mental program was effective at increasing psychological well-being in adolescents, especially high school students. This study suggests that a school curriculum could incorporate positive psychology-based mental programs for high school students to promote their mental health.

Purpose
Children in migrant villages in Kyrgyzstan have a high incidence of anemia and need effective health promotion programs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a pilot study of a health promotion project for infants and toddlers based on community participation.
Methods
This was a retrospective study conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the project. The project was carried out by nurses at a public health center, community health workers, and local residents in a migrant village. After the operational system of the project was established, health assessments, child-care education, provision of vouchers for iron supplements, and activities to improve residents' awareness were conducted during 6 months among 100 children, of whom 85 were finally analyzed.
Results
In international health projects, close cooperation of the project team with community residents and health workers is important. Access to the community-based program was feasible in the socially and economically poor migrant village, and improvements were shown in children's anemia and awareness of health care.
Conclusion
By focusing on the effective aspects of this preliminary project, plans to utilize community health workers and promotion strategies can be added to the main project to improve health promotion among children in this area.

Citations

• Dietary Quality of Women of Reproductive Age in Low-Income Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kyrgyzstan
  Aiperi Otunchieva, Jamila Smanalieva, Angelika Ploeger
  Nutrients.2022; 14(2): 289.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was designed to analyze recent trends in adolescent suicide intervention research in Korea and to suggest future research directions in this area.
Methods
Studies Thirty-four studies selected from http://www.riss4u.net over the for last 20 years were analyzed by field and design of the study, study participants, and the outcome variables used in intervention studies.
Results
Nineteen (55.9%) of the 34 studies were conducted in the fields of welfare (9), psychology (5) and nursing science (5). Ordinary adolescents were the most frequently studied participants. A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used in twenty one (61.7%) of the 34 studies. The most frequently measured outcome variables were depression, suicidal ideation and self-esteem.
Conclusion
These results suggest that research on adolescent suicide intervention programs is expanding with a focus on ordinary adolescents as and subjects. In order to prevent suicide, research on family, teachers, and friends, who all are important parts of a teenager’s support system, is needed. It is also necessary to develop a post-management intervention program to prevent recurrence in high-risk teenagers who have attempted suicide.

Citations

• Association Between Loneliness and Suicidal Behaviors Among Korean Adolescents: A Nationwide Cross‐Sectional Study
  Jaeyoung Lee, Mikyoung Angela Lee
  Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursin.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Two‐dimensional mental health and related predictors among adolescents in Korea
  Changmin Yoo, Sang Kyoung Kahng
  Asian Social Work and Policy Review.2019; 13(1): 66.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the effect of a cultural competency promotion program for nurses in obstetrics-gynecology and pediatrics.
Methods
The cultural competency promotion program was developed through the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) steps. In this quasi-experimental study, 30 nurses in obstetrics-gynecology and pediatrics were assigned to the experimental group and 34 nurses were assigned to the control group. The experimental group received this program once a week for four weeks and each class lasted one hour. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, X²-test and Fisher’s exact test with the IBM SPSS Statistics version 21.0 program.
Results
After attending the program, cultural competency (t = 8.30, p < .001) increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. There were also significant differences between two groups in cultural awareness (t = 7.53, p < .001), cultural attitude (t = 6.41, p < .001), and cultural knowledge & skills (t = 7.79, p < .001) as components of cultural competency.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that this cultural competency program is effective and efficient for nurses in obstetrics-gynecology and pediatrics and can help nurses provide appropriate multicultural nursing care in multicultural society.

Citations

• Development for a concept mapping multicultural education program for Mother and Baby Unit nurses: a quasi-experimental study in South Korea
  Dahae Kang, Soonyoung Shon
  Child Health Nursing Research.2025; 31(1): 52.     CrossRef
• Effect of a mobile app-based cultural competence training program for nurses: A pre- and posttest design
  Sumi Sung, Hyeoun-Ae Park
  Nurse Education Today.2021; 99: 104795.     CrossRef
• Adaptation Process of Korean Fathers within Multicultural Families in Korea
  So-Yeon Park, Suhyun Kim, Hyang-In Cho Chung
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(11): 5935.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of cultural competence educational interventions on health professionals and patient outcomes: A systematic review
  Duckhee Chae, Jinhee Kim, Suhee Kim, Jina Lee, Seojin Park
  Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Organisational cultural competence needed to care for foreign patients: A focus on nursing management
  Duckhee Chae, Yunhee Park
  Journal of Nursing Management.2019; 27(1): 197.     CrossRef
• Agreement on Core Components of an E-Learning Cultural Competence Program for Public Health Workers in South Korea: A Delphi Study
  Duckhee Chae, Hyunlye Kim, Jae Yong Yoo, Jina Lee
  Asian Nursing Research.2019; 13(3): 184.     CrossRef
• Experience of migrant care and needs for cultural competence training among public health workers in Korea
  Duckhee Chae, Jina Lee, Keiko Asami, Hyunlye Kim
  Public Health Nursing.2018; 35(3): 211.     CrossRef
• Effects of the Culturally Sensitive Education of Perinatal Care on Knowledge, Skills, and Self-Efficacy among Korean Husbands and Vietnamese Wives
  Youngmee Kim, Kap-Chul Cho
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(4): 515.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a school adaptation program (SAP) for school-age children with emotional and behavioral problems who attended public elementary schools.
Methods
SAP, developed by the authors, addresses school adaptation and academic efficacy and consists of 10 sessions based on five categories (i.e., school life, classroom activity, relationship with friends, relationship with teacher, and school environment). Sixteen children with emotional and behavior problems answered questionnaires before and after participation in the program.
Results
The results showed that there was a significant difference between pre and post-test on school adaptation (t=-2.78, p = .015) and academic efficacy (t = -4.62, p < .001) after the 10 sessions of SAP.
Conclusion
The results indicate that SAP can could serve as a practical program for school nurses and teachers. Further studies based on SAP in various school settings are recommended.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this research was to develop an interpersonal caring program "Muldan Dongsan" for vulnerable adolescents in mental health clinics and to identify the effect of this program.
METHODS
The interpersonal caring program was composed of group interpersonal caring (one time per week for two weeks, for a total of 8 hr) and individual interpersonal caring (1-2 times per day for 2 weeks). For this research, a non-synchronized quasi-experimental model including nonequivalent experimental and control groups was used. The experimental group was made up of 17 students and the control group, of 22 students. The data were collected from May 11 to July 25, 2009 and the collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program.
RESULTS
The interpersonal caring program "Muldan Dongsan" was effective for mental health, including self-esteem, hope, and quality of life for vulnerable adolescents.
CONCLUSION
The positive findings on the effectiveness of the interpersonal caring program "Muldan Dongsan" and the participants' high satisfaction with this program indicate that it can be utilized actively as a specific nursing intervention program for adolescents at school and in the community.

Citations

• Analysis of Korean Nursing Studies Applied in Interpersonal Caring Theory
  Heeyoung Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursi.2020; 27(2): 116.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to develop a prevention program for media addiction in elementary school students, and to examine its effects on television addiction, internet addiction, cellular phone addiction, and impulsiveness.
METHODS
The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 58 elementary school students (29 in the experimental group and 29 in the control group). Students in the experimental group were given the prevention program for media addiction. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 program.
RESULTS
Students in the experimental group reported a significant decrease in television addiction compared to students in the control group.
CONCLUSION
The results of the study indicate that the prevention program for media addiction was effective in decreasing television addiction in elementary school students.

Citations

• Managing Problematic Usage of the Internet and Related Disorders in an Era of Diagnostic Transition: An Updated Review
  Bernardo Dell’Osso, Ilaria Di Bernardo, Matteo Vismara, Eleonora Piccoli, Federica Giorgetti, Laura Molteni, Naomi A. Fineberg, Calogero Virzì, Henrietta Bowden-Jones, Roberto Truzoli, Caterina Viganò
  Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health.2021; 17(1): 61.     CrossRef
• LA PRÉVENTION DE L’UTILISATION PROBLÉMATIQUE D’INTERNET : EXPLORATION DU POINT DE VUE DES JEUNES
  Gabrielle St-Arnaud, Magali Dufour1, Andrée-Anne Légaré, Joël Tremblay, Karine Bertrand, Yasser Khazaal, Natacha Brunelle, Mathieu Goyette
  Revue québécoise de psychologie.2019; 40(2): 115.     CrossRef
• Policy and Prevention Approaches for Disordered and Hazardous Gaming and Internet Use: an International Perspective
  Daniel L. King, Paul H. Delfabbro, Young Yim Doh, Anise M. S. Wu, Daria J. Kuss, Ståle Pallesen, Rune Mentzoni, Natacha Carragher, Hiroshi Sakuma
  Prevention Science.2018; 19(2): 233.     CrossRef
• Prevention and Policy Related to Internet Gaming Disorder
  Daniel L. King, Paul H. Delfabbro
  Current Addiction Reports.2017; 4(3): 284.     CrossRef
• Professional Identity of Elementary School Health Teachers: A Grounded Theory Approach
  Jin Ok Kwon, Jina Oh, Eun Ha Kim, Dae Dong Hahn
  Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(1): 64.     CrossRef
• Influence of Parental Media Use, Educational Needs, and Media Guidance for Children on Children’s Media Use
  Hyun-Young Koo, Eun-Jung Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(2): 183.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to examine the effects of a smoking prevention program on primary school students.
METHOD
The design for this study was a nonequivalent quasi-experimental control group pretest-posttest. The smoking prevention program was provided to grade 5 and 6 students selected from two schools in Jecheon.The experimental group consisted of 72 students and the control group, 73 students. A smoking prevention program composed of smoking prevention education (once a week for 40 minutes over a period of 8 weeks) and supportive environment for smoking prevention was developed by modifying several smoking prevention programs. The research was conducted from May 15 to October 10, 2003.
RESULT
1) After completion of the smoking prevention program, the mean scores for knowledge about smoking, attitude to smoking, and intention toward non-smoking were not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
To affectively achieve the aims of a smoking prevention program, the effectiveness of the program should not be measured over the short term only. Long-term tracking of students educated in the program, to identify the rate of those who later become smokers needs to be done.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the obese program on BMI, body composition, physical fitness, knowledge, eating behaviors among the elementary school obese children.
METHOD
They ranged from the third to sixth grades with over 30% body fat ratio. The subjects consisted of 31 obese children who participated in the obese program and 34 obese who did not participate in the program. The contents of the programs for nine weeks from contained obese education, counseling and exercises once a week. The program lasted from Oct. 8 to Dec. 22, 2001. The Data were analyzed using SPSS program.
RESULT
Flexibility was significantly higher for the program participants than the nonparticipants at the post-test. Agility was significantly higher for the program participants than the nonparticipants at the post-test. Knowledge were significantly higher for the program participants than the nonparticipants at the post-test.
CONCLUSION
This study provides evidence that obese program is effective in changing the flexibility, agility, knowledge in obese elementary children over 9 weeks.

PURPOSE
This study aims at not only suggesting some ideas useful in planning and doing the sexual education in the middle schools in the near future putting into test the sexual education program which has been developed by researchers in accordance with the national education courses but also improve sexual health of the adolecents through taking right sexual knowledge and sound sexual attitude.
METHOD
Non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The number of experimental group students was 37 and the number of controll group students was 37. A total of 74 first grade "H"middle school girls at H district in KangWon-Do were selected for a convenience sampling method and have been taught the sexual education program during 6weeks, 12times.
RESULT
The findings of the study are as follows: After the sexual education program, the sexual knowledge of experimental group show to be significantly different from that they had before(t=-5.861, p=.000). So, this finding indicating that the adolescent sexual education program helps the ado have and expand the correct sexual knowledge accordingly. In order to look into any change of the sexaul attitudes of experimental group after the sexual education program, there were not significant difference(t=-1.083, p=.286). But some items were significant. It is discovered that the adolescence come to have more affirmative and sound sexual attitude after sexual education program.
CONCLUSION
As the findings of the study indicate, it may be concluded as follows: Since the sexual education program can affirmative influence on the sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes of the adolescence, it is recommendable to perform the sexual education program suitable for every stage of growth and development should be developed, qualified teachers and the educational materials should be reinforced and added enough and institutional device should be made to execute the sexual education program systematically.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to develop safety education program to prevent child accident and to improve the health of children by providing a safe environment. This program provide parents and children with information on how to prevent children from accident. Children especially can learn specific methods to avoid accident both at home, school and outside the home through safety education, which is based on problem solving.
METHOD
This program was developed based on literature reviews, surveys and negotiation process. School aged children, parents, and teachers were interviewed to identify their educational needs based on their experiences related to child accident. During the 7th Annual Conference of Educational Courses in 1999, the Korean Educational Ministry examined the feasibility and compatibility of integrating the program into the current educational curriculum.
RESULT
This program includes useful subjects such as safety education, preventive strategies, crisis management, guide for parent and teacher, resource persons, internet site and phone numbers of available hospital. Counseling is provided by researcher if needed.
CONCLUSION
This program could be adequately utilized for prevention of child accident and creation of preventive strategies. It will also suggest an intervention strategy for injured children.

The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of safety education program in preschool children for accident prevention and improve their health through more systematic method. Data were collected from 584 preschoolers(247 preschooler are assigned to experimental group and 337 preschoolers are assinged to control group) from 4 to 6 years old using APP paper test which consists of questions and drawings. To experimental group, safety education were done 4 times within the time of 30 minutes per 1 time using education books, drawings, OHP. The findings of this study are as follows: 1.There were significant difference in movement( X2=18.732, p=.0000), behavioral character( X2=27.785, p=.000), synthetic judgement( X2=12.02, p=0.002). So, safety education program have effect on preschooler. 2.In the accident proneness on preschooler between experimental group and control group according to general characteristics, it proved significant difference in the case of accident prevention education were done, reasoning power( X2=10.48, p=.005), movement speed( X2=7.341, p=.025) and behavioral character( X2=18.86, p=.000), in the case of housing pattern is private house(individual house, yard?), reasoning power( X2=6.683, p=.035), movement speed( X2=12.76, p= .002) and behavioral character( X2=12.24, p=.002), in the case of housing pattern is mixed-type, movement speed( X2=6.935, p= .031) and behavioral character( X2=10.816, p=.004), in the case of housing pattern is over six stories, movement speed( X2=7.543, p=.023), in the case of subjects' age is 4 years old, movement speed( X2=16.5, p= .000) and behavioral character( X2=12.18, p=.002), in the case of subjects' age is 5 years old, movement speed( X2=7.519, p= .023), watchfulness( X2=6.372, p=.041), behavioral character( X2=14.74, p=0.001) and synthetic judgement( X2=14.5, p=.001), in the case of subjects' sex is male, life safety( X2=6.406, p=.041), movment speed( X2=22.86, p= .000), behavioral character( X2=13.72, p= .001) and synthetic judgement( X2=13.82, p=.001), in the case of subjects' sex is female, reasoning power( X2=12.57, p=.002) and behavioral character( X2=13.16, p= .001), in the case of childrens have past accidental experience, traffic safety( X2= 6.683, p=.035), in the case of childrens have no past accidental experience, reasoning power( X2=8.384, p=.015), movement speed( X2=20.6, p=.000), behavioral character( X2 =25.1, p=.000) and synthetic judgement( X2 =10.79, p=.005), in the case of children's order is first, reasoning power( X2=11.15, p=.004), movement speed( X2=11.92, p= .003) and behavioral character( X2=7.003, p=.030), in the case of children's order is second, movement speed( X2=6.694, p= .035), behavioral character( X2=26.9, p= .000) and synthetic judgement( X2=14.3, p= .001), in the case of nuclear family, reasoning power( X2=8.777, p=.012), movement speed( X2=19.0, p=.000), behavioral character ( X2=26.4, p=0.000) and synthetic judgement ( X2=9.999, p=.007), in the case of mothers' school career is under high school graduate, life safety( X2=8.023, p=.018), movement speed( X2=10.99, p=.004) and behavioral character( X2=6.777, p=.034), in the case of mothers' school career is beyond college graduate, reasoning power( X2=6.717, p= .035), movement speed( X2=8.963, p=.011), behavioral character( X2=25.03, p=.000) and synthetic judgement( X2=15.19, p=.001), in the case of mothers' age ranged 31-34, movement speed( X2=12.29, p=.002) and behavioral character( X2=14.17, p=.001), in the case of mothers' age ranged 35-39, movement speed( X2=9.859, p=.007), behavioral character( X2=9.095, p=.011) and synthetic judgement( X2=7.810, p=.020), in the case of mothers' age is over 40, life safety( X2 =5.593, p=.025), in the case of mothers' job is full-time, traffic safety( X2=6.032, p=.049) and reasoning power( X2=8.502, p= .014), in the case of mothers' job is part- time., movement speed( X2=10.99, p=.004) and behavioral character( X2=7.895, p= .019), in the case of mothers have no job, movement speed( X2=6.410, p=.041), movement stability( X2=6.879, p=.032), behavioral character( X2=27.72, p=.000) and synthetic judgement( X2=18.11, p=.000). The difference of accident proneness between experimental group and control group according to general characterists, it also showed that there were significant difference in behaviorl character compared to other area.. From this findings, we can guess that safety education program change and guide preschoolers' behavioral character to desirable direction.

This study aims at not only suggesting some ideas useful in planning and doing the sexual education in the primary schools in the near future putting into test the sexual education program which has been developed by researchers in accordance with the national education courses but also improve sexual health of the children through taking right sexual knowledge and sound sexual attitude. For this study 21 students are selected from all class of the fourth grade of the 'D' primary school at H district in KangWon-Do and have been taught the sexual education program during 6weeks, 12times. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. After the sexual education program, the sexual knowledge of the primary school children show to be significantly different from that they had before(t=-6.661, p=.000). So, this finding indicating that the sexual education program helps the children have and expand the correct sexual knowledge accordingly. 2. In order to look into any change of the sexaul attitudes of the primary school children after the sexual education program, there were significant difference(t=-3.808, p=.001). It is discovered that children come to have more affirmative and sound sexual attitude after sexual education program. As the findings of the study indicate, it may be concluded as follows: Since the sexual education program can affirmative influence on the sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes of the children, it is recommendable to start the sexual education program as early as possible in their childhood so that they can estabilish a sound sexual mortality for themselves. Additionally, to perform the sexual education program suitable for every stage of children should be developed, qualified teachers and the educational materials should be reinforced and added enough and institutional device should be made to execute the sexual education program systematically.

PURPOSE
To identify the effects of a training program on the knowledge of, attitudes towards child infection, and infection prevention behaviors in staff of daycare centers.
METHODS
A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design study was conducted with 34 staff of 6 daycare centers over 3 months. The staff in the 3 centers designated as the experimental centers received the training program weekly for 8 weeks. The program included on-site education for one and half hours and monitoring of infection prevention behaviors. Knowledge and attitudes of the staff were measured, and their infection prevention behaviors were observed and recorded by research assistants before and after the program. chi2-test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U-test with SPSS Win program were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
The group of staff who received the training program recorded higher scores in knowledge, attitudes, and their infection prevention behaviors compared with staff in the control group.
CONCLUSION
This finding suggests that the training program had a significant impact on knowledge, attitude, and infection prevention behaviors of staff which could prevent child infection in daycare centers. Nurses need to be involved in daycare centers for the health of the children, and they could intervene effectively in child infections by using this program.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to develop a mother-fetus interaction promotion program aimed at enhancing the sensitivity of primiparas, and to evaluate the effects of a mother-infant play interaction.
METHOD
Participants were recruited from OB-GY clinic with postpartum take-care center (17 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 17 dyads for control group). Data were collected from January 18 to August 5, 2005. For the intervention group, programmed education which focused on mother-fetus interaction in the 3rd trimester was given. For the two groups, home visiting or a postpartum care center was used for data collection of the mother-infant interaction which was conducted at postpartum 1 week and 1 month. Also mother-infant interactions during feeding were videotaped and two trained observers analyzed the tapes.
RESULTS
A significant difference was found in mother-infant interaction between the two groups (postpartum 1 week, t=6.10, P=0.000, 1 month t=6.69, p=.000). For variations in mother-infant interaction in the control group, a significant difference was found in between postpartum 1 week and 1 month (t=-2.564, p=.021). In subscale analysis, interactional behavior of the infant significantly increased in both groups.
CONCLUSION
This study showed that the mother-fetus interaction promotion program aimed at promoting mother-infant interaction increase maternal sensitivity. Therefore, this study suggests that this nursing intervention to increase maternal sensitivity to the fetus should be broadly applied with primiparas, as it can be beneficial for formation of the mother-infant relationship, and for promotion of the social, emotional, and cognitive developments of the children.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a discharge education program on maternal role confidence and parenting stress of mothers who delivered premature infants. The program provided them with information on childrearing and supportive educational nursing care.
METHOD
This study was based on pretest- posttest nonequivalent nonsynchronized quasi-experimental design. The participants in this study were 30 mothers who delivered premature infants at a general hospital in G city. The instruments used in this study were Maternity Confidence Inventory, Parenting Stress Index(PSI).
RESULTS
The first hypothesis that the mothers in the experimental group would undergo changes in maternal role confidence after the intervention was accepted, as there was a statistically significant gap between the two groups(F=9.386, P=.000). The second hypothesis that mothers in the experimental group would undergo change in parenting stress after the intervention was accepted, as there was a statistically significant gap between the two groups(F=4.425, P=.380). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the Discharge Education Program was an efficient intervention method to boost the maternal confidence of mothers with premature infants and to decrease their parenting stress.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of school safety education for children to increase their safety behavior.
METHOD
The participants were 262 fourth graders enrolled in S elementary school located in Anyang city. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups. For the first experimental group, school safety education was provided for both children and parents. For the second experimental group, safety education was provided only for the children. For the control group, no treatment was given.
Result
The first experimental group showed the highest increment on the classroom safety activities score. The first experimental group also had the highest increment on the outside-the-classroom safety activities score. Further, the first experimental group showed the highest increment on the traffic safety activities score.
CONCLUSION
Safety education in the elementary school is very effective to ensure children are protected from school and traffic accidents. Also safety education can be more effective if safety related parent education programs are provided to parents. Therefore safety education should be provided systematically for both children and their parents to prevent childhood accidents.