Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate how pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nurses and the mothers of hospitalized children perceived their partnership and identify the detailed differences in the common domains of partnership between them.
Methods A qualitative descriptive design with semi-structured and open-ended interviews was used. Interviews with mothers of hospitalized children and nurses in the PICU were conducted at a national university hospital in South Korea.
Results Five integrated categories were identified concerning nurses' and mothers' perceptions of partnership. Five common domains were derived by merging the partnership categories perceived by each PICU mother and nurse: expectation of trust, sharing and communication, participation in care, equality in the relationship, and coordination of opinion However, there were significant differences in the composition of the categories of these common domains.
Conclusion These results may facilitate more effective partnerships between parents and PICU nurses. Efforts should be taken to promote the formation of trust between nurses and parents and create an environment that is conductive to regular open communication in particular, steps should be taken to reduce gaps in awareness concerning this partnership and information sharing, nursing methods, and decision-making.
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Purpose This study systematically analyzed cases in South Korea wherein nurses were prosecuted for involuntary manslaughter or injury due to professional negligence in pediatric care.
Methods We analyzed the precedents using the methodology of Hall and Wright (2008) and Austin (2010). Of the 618 cases retrieved from the Supreme Court Decisions Retrieval System in South Korea, we selected the 12 cases in which children were the victims and nurses were the defendants, using a case screening methodology.
Results The most frequent penalty was a fine, and newborns were the most frequent victims. The distribution of cases according to Austin's violation categories was: improper administration of medications (n=5), failure to monitor for and report deterioration (n=4), ineffective communication (n=4), failure to delegate responsibly (n=4), failure to know and follow facility policies and procedures (n=1), and improper use of equipment (n=1).
Conclusion To ensure the safety of children, nurses are required to teach and practice a high standard of care. Nursing education programs must improve nurses’ awareness of their legal obligations. Nursing organizations and leaders should also work towards enacting effective nursing laws and ensuring that nurses are aware of their legal rights and responsibilities.
Purpose Practical training in pediatric nursing gives students the opportunity to apply nursing knowledge to children in a realistic clinical context. Clinical practice faculty (CPF) and clinical nursing instructor (CNI) have played important roles in the pediatric nursing practicum. This study was conducted to develop a protocol to guide clinical practicum in pediatric nursing.
Methods A service design methodology was employed between August 2020 and May 2021 at four universities and four hospitals in South Korea. The participants were five CPFs, five CNIs, five nursing college graduates, and 60 nursing students. The service design process had four phases: discovery, definition, development, and delivery. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and observations. The data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistics.
Results The participants reported needs for providing concrete guidance and explanation, nursing practice experience, and a link between school and the clinical field. A protocol was developed to fulfill the participants' needs. The protocol comprised detailed information, teaching methodology, and partnership to guide students in the pediatric nursing practicum.
Conclusion The protocol developed in this study can be used to provide guidance for students' clinical practice in the field of pediatric nursing.
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Purpose The purposes of this study were to investigate daycare teachers’ knowledge, anxiety and management of childhood fever and to identify factors affecting their management of childhood fever.
Methods A descriptive correlation study was conducted. Participants were 109 daycare center teachers from G metropolitan city. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.
Results The mean percent of correct answers for knowledge about childhood fever was 42.9%. Levels of anxiety related to children’s fever were high among day care teachers in this study. Many daycare center teachers used management practices which were not recommended for childhood fever management. There was a statistically significant difference in participants’ knowledge about childhood fever by marital status and having a child. Moreover, there were statistically significant positive correlation between daycare center teachers’ knowledge and management and negative correlation between daycare center teachers’ anxiety and management of childhood fever. Knowledge and anxiety related to childhood fever accounted for 15.2% of variance for fever management.
Conclusion Results show that day care teachers’ knowledge and anxiety related to fever are important factors in predicting their fever management. Development and evaluation of educational interventions to improve daycare teachers’ childhood fever management are recommended.
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Purpose This study was done to identify the level of knowledge and practice of self-management on asthma of school-aged children and to provide data for the development of an intervention program to improve self-management on asthma.
Methods The participants were 100 school-aged children who were treated currently for asthma in J city located in G province. Data were collected from 25th August to 30th October 2014.
Results The mean scores were 14.37 of 20 for self-management knowledge (percentage of correct answer 71.9%), 21.65 of 30 for self-management practice. There were significant differences in knowledge according to grade, diagnosed age, food allergy, education on asthma and hardship in school life, and in practice according to gender and economic status, hardship in school life and experience of first-aid on asthma. There were positive correlations between knowledge and practice.
Conclusion Results indicate that school-aged children’ knowledge and practice in self-management of asthma were not sufficient enough to perform accurate management of asthma. Therefore, to improve self-management ability of school-aged children to manage effectively asthma, educational strategies that focus on increasing knowledge need to be developed.
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Purpose The purposes of this review were to address misconceptions of childhood fever and fever management practice among parents and health care providers, and to identify the scientific evidences against such misconceptions and practices.
Methods Journal databases and clinical guidelines from 2000 to 2015 were searched. The search terms were fever, fever management, misconception, myth, fiction, fact, fever phobia, child, antipyretics, tepid bath, alternating use/combined use of antipyretics, and physical cooling method.
Results There are significant gaps between current concepts and practices, and the scientific evidence. Misconceptions and unrealistic concerns about childhood fever still exist among parents and even health care providers, worldwide. The evidences suggest that antipyretics should be given carefully with the aim of relieving discomfort or pain rather than decreasing the temperature itself. Alternating use of antipyretics should be discouraged due to the risk of confusion and error. Antipyretics do not prevent febrile convulsions. Moreover, the scientific evidence does not support tepid sponge massage.
Conclusion Evidence-based childhood fever management interventions should be targeted toward parents and health care providers. By adopting an evidence-based approach to nursing interventions, pediatric nurses can ensure children receive appropriate and safe fever management.
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Purpose This study was done to examine the effect of direct practice of newborn health assessment on nursing student’s clinical competence and self-efficacy and to propose effective strategies for clinical education on newborn care.
Methods Design was a nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental study. The direct practice program was composed of a lecture, demonstration, drill and feedback using a manikin, and repeated direct practice regarding newborn health assessment. Participants were 65 student nurses taking the pediatric nursing practicum in the nursery room at M hospital. The experimental group (n=33) participated in the direct practice program for newborn health assessment and the control group (n=32) received the traditional practice method. Nursing clinical competence was assessed by two nurse investigators and structured questionnaires were used to measure self-efficacy.
Results The experimental group’s clinical competence was significantly higher than that of the control group (t = -4.82, p = .000). However no significant difference was found between the two groups for self-efficacy (t = 1.264, p = .211).
Conclusion These findings indicate that the direct practice program is effective in improving nursing student’s clinical competence, but it was not effective in increasing self-efficacy. Direct practice in various clinical education settings is recommended and longitudinal effects be evaluated.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop evidence-based nursing practice guidelines for the care of febrile children in the emergency room and to evaluate the guidelines by applying them to practice. METHODS This study was conducted using a methodological design. referring to the Scottish intercollegiate guideline network, draft of guidelines were developed based on the recommendations found from the critical literature analysis.
Then, the draft was modified by an expert group and a pilot application. The final draft was evaluated by the expert group using appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation. Finally, the final guideline and algorithm were completed. RESULTS The guideline includes 39 recommendations for the care of febrile children in the emergency room. CONCLUSION The clinical guidelines developed through this research can be utilized as systematic and scientific guidelines for the care of febrile children in the emergency room. In addition, the research results will contribute to improving care services.
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PURPOSE This study was conducted to identify late school-aged children's knowledge, and practical will in the practice of cancer prevention lifestyle, and to examine the relations between these variables and factors that influence practice. METHODS The participants included 525 fifth and sixth grade students from 8 elementary schools in J and S cities. Data were collected in December 2008 using self-report questionnaires developed by the authors and were analyzed using the SPSS program. RESULTS Mean scores were, for knowledge of cancer prevention lifestyle, 0.76+/-0.11 out of a possible 1, practical will, 4.05+/-0.55 out of a possible 5, and practice, 3.66+/-0.41 also out of 5. There were differences in knowledge (F=4.39, p=.013), practical will (F=18.35, p<.001), and practice (F=29.13, p<.001) according to academic achievement and in practical will (F=3.68, p<.001) and practice (F=3.01, p=.003) according to grade. There were positive correlations between knowledge and practical will (r=.205, p<.001), knowledge and practice (r=.181, p<.001), practical will and practice (r=.628, p<.001). Practice will and knowledge of cancer prevention lifestyle showed a significant influence on practice. CONCLUSION Results of this study indicate that effective strategies should be developed to motivate the practical will for the practice of cancer prevention lifestyle during childhood.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the effects of a safety education injury prevention program in elementary school students. METHODS To develop the safety education program, Dick & Carey's teaching model and Keller's ARCS theory were applied. A safety education programs was developed for lower grade students (1st-3rd) and for higher grade students (4th-6th). To evaluate the effect of the safety education program, a pre-post test questionnaire was used with experimental and control groups. The participants were 238 (119 in the experimental group, 119 in the control group) lower (3th) grade and 296 (148 in the experimental group, 148 in the control group) higher (5th) grade elementary school students. For students in each experimental group, safety education was provided for 40 min once a week for 10 weeks. RESULTS There were significant differences in the level of injury prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice between the experimental group and control group in both the lower and higher grade elementary students. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that safety education is an effective nursing intervention to improve injury prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice in elementary school students.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practice of mothers of young children in infection prevention in everyday life. The results will provide basic data for future interventions for infection prevention in early childhood. METHODS: The participants included 313 mothers from three cities in Gyeongnam Province, Korea. The data were collected from December 2007 to January 2008 using a self-report questionnaire developed by the researchers and analyzed using the SPSS program. RESULTS Average rate for correct answers of knowledge of infection prevention was 81.1%, and the mean score of practice in infection prevention was 3.18+/-0.34, out of 5.
There was a positive correlation in the relationship between knowledge and practice (r=.236, p<.001). There were differences in knowledge and practice according to mothers' education, monthly family income, and type of residence, but there were no differences according to number of children and admission history of child for infectious disease. CONCLUSION The level of knowledge and practice infection prevention by the mothers was not enough to prevent infection in early childhood. Therefore, effective strategies should be developed to help mothers in the prevention of infections during early childhood.
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PURPOSE Effects of information on management practices for children suffering from respiratory communicable diseases and their parents were investigated. METHODS: The experimental group consisted of 30 children who were in-patients suffering from a respiratory communicable disease and their parents. During their hospitalization, for 30 min each day, the children and their parents received education that included information about disease management including symptoms, prevention and environmental hygiene.
The information was developed using illustrations and photoshop. The control group consisted of 30 children who were in-patients and their parents. They received the usual nursing care without any of the above education. The instruments used in this study were the bibliographies of respiratory disease management. chi2 test, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test with SPSS 11.5 were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Significant differences between the experimental and control groups were found for management of symptoms (Z=4.350, p<.001) and environmental hygiene (Z=4.033, p=.000), but not for prevention (Z=4.033, p=.149). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that providing information was effective for management practice of symptoms and environmental hygiene, but not for prevention management for the children and their parents. Therefore programs should be developed to promote prevention management.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe current status in management of children with atopic dermatitis and to examine knowledge and care practices of preschool teachers. METHODS A survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted. Knowledge and practice were measured with the questionnaire by Park (2011). Data were analysed using SPSS.WIN 20.0. RESULTS Of the teachers, 81.3% managed children with atopic dermatitis depending on parents' needs and 58.9% reported difficulties due to limited knowledge and expressed a need for continuing education and provision of educational guidelines. Preschool teachers had a mean score for knowledge about atopic dermatitis of .75 out of 1 point.
Among three domains of knowledge, signs & symptoms had the highest score and management, the lowest. The mean score for care practices for children with atopic dermatitis was 3.4 out of 4 points. Among the four domains of care practices, food had the highest score and dress & bedclothes, the lowest. Knowledge and practice of the teachers were different according to responsibility in management and educational need. The correlation between knowledge and practice was not significant. CONCLUSION These results suggest that educational programs and strategies should be developed to increase preschool teachers' knowledge and improve care practice for children with atopic dermatitis.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in Korean child-rearing practices between the generations of young mothers and grandmothers. METHOD The participants were 98 mothers who were 20 to 39 years old and had raised one-year-old child and 103 grandmothers who were over 60 years old and had raised their children in a small city. Data were collected through self-report questionnaire based on the Korean traditional child-rearing practice from Yoo(1986). The data were analyzed using the SPSS Win 10.0 program. RESULTS Of 37 items in the categories of feeding and weaning, health management and taboo matters, play, and baby celebrations, the grandmothers practiced 13 items (35%) more frequently than the young mothers. However, no generation differences were found in 21 items (57%), and 3 items were practiced more frequently by the young mothers. For the young mothers, there were 15 items (41%) which were practiced over 70%, 7 items (19%) which were practiced less than 30%. CONCLUSION It seems that some Korean traditional child-rearing practices were transferred to modern child-rearing practices. Therefore pediatric nurses need to pay attention to traditional child-rearing practices for the best health, growth and development of children.
The main purpose of this study is to examine the concepts appeared on research and provide future research directions in field of child health nursing. 205 studies of the total 318 studies had been analyzed first for the concepts of the client domain and this time 113 studies were analyzed for the practice, the client-nurse and the environmental domain in nursing. The practice domain includes mentalistitic, enactment, knowledge utilization, role related phenomenon, the client-nurse domain includes touch, communication, interaction phenomenon, and the environmental domain includes physical, social, symbolic environment. All were originally published between 1990 and 2000 in Korea. An analysis of concepts for this study was used the metaparadigm framework for nursing proposed by H. S.
Kim(2000). 1. 103 studies belonged to the practice domain.
Among them, 56(54%) studies used concepts related to enactment phenomenon like education(21.4%), giving information(7.1%), breast feeding(5.4%), caring(5.4%), airway suction(5.4%), nonnutritive sucking(5.4%). 44(43%) studies used concepts related to knowledge utilization like program development and evaluation of smoking, mother-infant interaction, home health nursing, obesity management. And only 3(3%) studies used role related concepts like quality of nursing, direction of health education, contents of child health nursing education. 2. Only 2(0.006%) studies belonged to the client-nurse domain. One concept is empathy in communication phenomenon and the other concept is role conflict in interaction phenomenon. 3. 8(0.02%) studies belonged to the environmental domain. Among them, 3 studies related to physical environment like space, noise and 5 studies related to social environment like social support, home environment. But the concept of symbolic environment was not used. The findings of this study provide the evidence that research related to the client-nurse domain and the environmental domain should be conducted actively to improve the practice of child health nursing. So that the research in field of child health nursing should be dealt with the concepts of four domains to develop knowledge systematically.
This study was designed to determine the schemata and their characteristics of stress experience the subjectivity of stress experience(structure of subjectivity) would be a basic step for the effective clinical education through the stress management for characteristics of these types.
Q-methodological method was used for that purpose. The research method statements were collected prior to the study through indepth interviews. For the study, 31 Q-statements were selected. There were 34 nursing students as subjects for the research. The 34 nursing students sorted the 31 statements using the principal of forced normal distribution. The principle of forced normal distribution, which has 9 scales to measure the individual opinions, was called. Q-factor analysis by using PC QUANL program supply the material. According to the outcomes of this study, there were 3 types of special opinion about the stress experience of clinical practice. The first type is called "Influence of practical atmosphere type". Members of this type experienced stress by an inadequate orientation and undesirable role model of nursing. The second type is called "conflict of nursing role type". Members of this type experienced stress by an inadequate orientation and undesirable role model of nursing. The third type is called "Lack of confidence type".
Members of this type experienced stress be cause of a lack of confidence for their own nursing knowledge and skill. As a result, we now need further study to identify individual psychological aspects of stress for clinical practice. The findings will guide the development in effective approaches for clinical education. Finally, the result of the study will provide us the need for developing systematic and integrated practice education program for students and active involvement of clinical instructor.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a health promotion behavior program for elementary school students by investigating their level of health promotion behavior practice. METHOD data were collected from 1276 1-6th grade elementary school students (11 elementary schools) using a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS 1) The mean score for health promotion behavior practice was above the mid point at 3.10(+/-.43) 2) There were significant differences in health promotion behavior practices according to student's grade(t=4.447, p=.000), gender(t=-3.044, p=.002), age(t=4.402, p=.000), father's education level(t=4.365, p=.000), mother's education level(t=-4.672, p=.000), and perceived health status (F=19.124, p=.000). 3) There were significant correlations between health promotion behavior practice and the sub-areas of health promotion behavior practice. CONCLUSION Systematic health education is necessary for elementary school students and their parents.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of school safety education for children to increase their safety behavior. METHOD The participants were 262 fourth graders enrolled in S elementary school located in Anyang city. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups. For the first experimental group, school safety education was provided for both children and parents. For the second experimental group, safety education was provided only for the children.
For the control group, no treatment was given. Result The first experimental group showed the highest increment on the classroom safety activities score. The first experimental group also had the highest increment on the outside-the-classroom safety activities score. Further, the first experimental group showed the highest increment on the traffic safety activities score. CONCLUSION Safety education in the elementary school is very effective to ensure children are protected from school and traffic accidents. Also safety education can be more effective if safety related parent education programs are provided to parents. Therefore safety education should be provided systematically for both children and their parents to prevent childhood accidents.
, Won-Oak Oh
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