PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for nursing interventions to assist primary caregivers of young children by determining the degree stress and fatigue that caregivers were under due to parenting young children. METHODS Participants were primary caregivers (181 mothers and 160 grandmothers) of young children. RESULTS 1) Mean score for degree of parenting stress was 2.61 (+/-.69) and for fatigue, 1.97 (+/-.54). 2) There was a significant difference in degree of parenting stress according to primary caregivers' age, employment status, income, whether the children were wanted babies, health status of the children and caregivers, personality of the children, and benefits from, and satisfaction with costs of childcare. Likewise, there was a significant difference in degree of fatigue according to relationship of primary caregivers to the children, primary caregivers' age, religion, income, whether the children were wanted babies, health status of the children and caregivers, personality of the children, and benefits from, and satisfaction with costs of childcare. 3) Stress and fatigue perceived by the primary caregivers were significantly correlated (r=.554 p<.001). CONCLUSION To alleviate more effectively primary caregivers' parenting stress and fatigue, early nursing intervention and educational programs need to be developed.
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The CSI was positively correlated to EPDS (r=.44, p<.001) and DBI (r=.40, p<.001). Also these two variables explained 30.0% of CSI in infants' mothers. CONCLUSION These findings are expected to expand the understanding about postpartum mothers' child-care stress and can contribute to the development of comprehensive interventions based on community health nursing.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify relations among the parenting stress, maternal sensitivity to infant cues, parenting environment of first-time mothers. METHOD The participants were 194 first-time mothers of babies aged 1-6 months who visited well-baby clinics in 5 hospitals. The data were collected from April 15 to June 15, 2003. RESULTS The parenting stress level was moderate with a mean score of 2.4(range 1-5). The parent domain and parent-child relationship domain of the parenting stress scale were significantly correlated with maternal sensitivity to infant feeding cues (r=-.178, p<.05; r=-.197, p<.01). Parenting stress was significantly correlated with childrearing environment(r=-2.19, p<.01). Parenting stress and childrearing environment were significantly different according to the educational level of the mothers and their prenatal care. CONCLUSIONS Nursing interventions to reduce parenting stress in first-time mothers are needed to improve maternal sensitivity to infant cues and childrearing environment which foster infant development.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing parenting stress in primiparas. METHOD: The participants in this study were 198 primiparas of infants aged 1-6 months who visited well baby clinics in 5 hospitals. The data were collected from April 15 to June 15, 2003. RESULTS: The mean score for parenting stress was 2.4 of a possible 5 and thus considered average. The score for parenting stress was significantly correlated with the level of maternal perception of the infant and the level of social support. The score for parenting stress was significantly different according to the education level of the primiparas and prenatal management. For the primiparas, social support(20%) and maternal perception of the infant(9%) were significant predictors explaining parenting stress. CONCLUSIONS Nursing interventions to improve maternal perception of the infant and increase social support should be provided for primiparas in order to reduce parenting stress.
PURPOSE The main purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe parenting stress and needs of mothers of children with atopic dermatitis. METHOD Data were collected from 111 mothers of children under 6 year-old with atopic dermatitis registered at one university affiliated medical center in Seoul. The instruments used for this study were a self-report questionnaire, Parenting Stress Index (PSI) Short Form by Abidin, and an open question to identify nursing needs.
Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and contents analyses were done. RESULT The mean score for parenting stress was 77.25 (range: 12-60), for parent domain 31.50 (range: 12-60), Parent-Child domain 21.02 (range: 11-55) and child domain was 24.72 (range: 11-51). There was a significant positive relationship between parenting stress and severity of symptom (r=0.192, p<.005). The maternal stressors included extra housework related to symptom management, treatment related to atopic dermatitis, personality and behavior of child, and financial problems. CONCLUSION the mothers of children with atopic dermatitis have high parenting stress from various stressors and needs.
It is recommended that nursing interventions should include stress management and take into consideration the educational needs of mothers.
PURPOSE This study was done to investigate effect of Meridian massage on the growth of infants and on parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy in their mothers. METHOD The participants were 65 mothers of infants who visited one public health center in Yangju City. Data were collected from February, 2007 to December, 2007. Infants in the experimental group were given Meridian massage for 50 minutes (lecture 20 minutes, practice 15 minutes, preparation and arrangement 15 minutes) once a week for 6 weeks. Percentages, means with standard deviation, Fisher's Exact Test, chi-square test, Repeated Measured ANOVA and ANCOVA were used, with the SPSS program, to analyze the data. RESULTS Infants in the experimental group showed an increase in height compared to those in the control group, but there was no difference in infant weight between the two groups. Compared to the control group, mothers in the experimental group has significantly less Parenting Stress and Parenting Self-efficacy. CONCLUSION The above findings suggest that maternally administered Meridian massage should be applied in clinical practice to improve growth of infants, emotional condition of mothers and interaction between infants and their mothers.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a discharge education program on maternal role confidence and parenting stress of mothers who delivered premature infants. The program provided them with information on childrearing and supportive educational nursing care. METHOD This study was based on pretest- posttest nonequivalent nonsynchronized quasi-experimental design. The participants in this study were 30 mothers who delivered premature infants at a general hospital in G city. The instruments used in this study were Maternity Confidence Inventory, Parenting Stress Index(PSI). RESULTS The first hypothesis that the mothers in the experimental group would undergo changes in maternal role confidence after the intervention was accepted, as there was a statistically significant gap between the two groups(F=9.386, P=.000). The second hypothesis that mothers in the experimental group would undergo change in parenting stress after the intervention was accepted, as there was a statistically significant gap between the two groups(F=4.425, P=.380). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the Discharge Education Program was an efficient intervention method to boost the maternal confidence of mothers with premature infants and to decrease their parenting stress.
Purpose The purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe postpartum depression level and to identify the influence of postpartum depression on maternal role confidence, parenting stress and infant temperament, in order to develop a base for nursing intervention programs for mothers who have postpartum depression. Method: Data were collected from 183 mothers of infants who visited one public health center in Goyang city. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire to identify the postpartum depression (BDI), maternal role confidence, parenting stress (PSI) and infant temperament (WBL). Results Of the mothers 42.1% were in the normal range for postpartum depression, 33.3% in the mild group and 24.6% were in the moderate to severe group. There were significant differences in parenting stress, and infant temperament according to level of postpartum depression. There were correlations between maternal role confidence (r=-0.13), infant temperament (r=-0.20), parenting stress (r=0.51) and postpartum depression, and weak negative correlation between parenting stress and infant temperament (r=-0.30). Conclusion Postpartum depression in the infant period when the mother's role is very important and the effect is not only on the mother's role but also on the infant's growth.
It is essential to assess and provide immediate care to mothers who have postpartum depression.
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