Purpose
It is essential to investigate the users’ needs in developing user-centered, family-based applications (apps) for managing childhood obesity.
Methods
This study conducted focus group interviews with ten parents, ten children, and four app developers to investigate the need to develop a family-based mobile app for childhood obesity. The interview period was from July 17 to August 30, 2023. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results
The results highlighted 31 key themes critical to family-based app development, including the need for comprehensive content promoting healthy lifestyle habits, tailored expert support, and motivational factors for app engagement, which were categorized as intrinsic, extrinsic, and social motivations and technological features. Participants also highlighted potential challenges, such as app usability issues and the need for a user-friendly interface. The pivotal role of parents in guiding and supporting their children’s health behaviors was emphasized, particularly in creating a supportive environment that encourages sustained engagement with the app.
Conclusion
These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the needs and preferences of parents, children, and app developers in managing childhood obesity. Emphasis on integrating healthy lifestyle content, providing expert support, and incorporating motivational strategies is crucial for the app’s success. Additionally, addressing potential difficulties and recognizing the pivotal role of parents are essential considerations. These insights will inform the design and development of a user-centered mobile app that supports families in managing childhood obesity.

Purpose
This research was conducted to explore the experience of mothers in raising stunted toddlers aged between 6–59 months. It also examined the perceptions of parenting styles shaped by socio-cultural contexts and time constraints affecting the nutritional status as well as growth in Bejiharjo Village, Java, Indonesia.
Methods
A qualitative method was used and data were collected through in-depth interviews, diary recording, and focus group discussions with mothers of toddlers, stakeholders, and healthcare professionals. Transcript data from recorded interviews were processed using qualitative content analysis.
Results
The results showed that there were four emergent themes, namely “Toddler parenting patterns,” “Family and environmental health,” “Eating patterns and consumption habits of toddlers,” as well as “Literacy and understanding of parenting and child health.” Furthermore, eight related theme clusters were yielded from the analysis of parenting experiences. Differences between stunted and non-stunted toddlers in parenting patterns and daily activities were recorded. Interactions between toddlers and mothers as well as productive activities had a shorter average duration.
Conclusion
Mothers experience various challenges and limitations in raising toddlers with the risk of stunting. Therefore, increasing understanding and knowledge about the importance of healthy parenting and good nutrition are necessary to prevent stunting.

Purpose
The study investigated the relationships between key variables, including the level of parenting knowledge, acculturative stress, depression, and the strengths and difficulties associated with their children’s emotions and behavior, among North Korean refugee mothers who faced the challenging task of adapting to Korean society while raising their children.
Methods
A descriptive study design was used. Data were collected from 130 North Korean refugee mothers between September and November 2023.
Results
The participants had very limited parenting knowledge, and 82.3% of them scored 21 or higher on the depression scale used in community epidemiological studies. Higher levels of parenting knowledge and lower levels of depression were associated with lower levels of acculturative stress. Moreover, higher levels of depression were associated with more emotional and behavioral difficulties in children. Maternal depression, age, and employment status were identified as factors that influenced emotional and behavioral problems in preschool-aged children.
Conclusion
These findings underscore the importance of providing parent education and mental health support programs for North Korean refugee families in order to improve parents' parenting skills and emotional well-being.

Purpose
North Korean refugee women struggle with the double burden of adaptation and parenting as mothers in a new environment. This study aimed to identify the knowledge, confidence, and educational needs regarding newborn care among North Korean refugees, and to determine differences between these variables according to participants' characteristics.
Methods
Data were collected from September to October 2022, and 150 North Korean refugee women recruited using convenience sampling participated in the study. Descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for data analysis.
Results
The mean scores were as follows: parenting knowledge, 14.97 out of 25; infection prevention knowledge and confidence, 20.09 out of 33 and 51.37 out of 80, respectively; and educational needs, 245.86 out of 310. Significant differences were observed in newborn care, knowledge, and confidence according to maternal age, educational level, family structure, and pregnancy history. Significant positive correlations were observed between the participants' newborn care knowledge, confidence, and educational needs.
Conclusion
Personalized educational programs should be implemented to enhance North Korean refugee women's confidence in newborn care, focusing on areas with low knowledge levels and high educational needs and enabling women to achieve healthy pregnancy and childbirth, and to parent well.

Citations

• Knowledge of atopic dermatitis and food allergies, as well as health information literacy, among North Korean refugee mothers: a descriptive survey study
  In-Sook Lee, Jeong-Hee Jeon
  Child Health Nursing Research.2023; 29(4): 300.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study investigated the factors that influence parenting stress, including hardiness, parent-child interactions, and social support, to provide basic data for developing a program to reduce parenting stress in North Korean refugee mothers.
Methods
A descriptive study design was used. Data were collected between September and December 2021, and 123 North Korean refugee mothers participated.
Results
The mean scores were 69.42 out of 135 for hardiness, 48.45 out of 144 for interactions, 47.32 out of 90 for social support, and 51.84 out of 90 for parenting stress. The parental distress score was higher than that of child-related stress. Hardiness was significantly related to North Korean refugee mothers' parenting stress. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the explanatory power for hardiness and the number of supporters was approximately 19% for parenting stress (F=6.84, p<.001). As such, the factors with a relatively strong influence on parenting stress were hardiness (β =-.40, p<.001) and having four or more supporters (β=-.27, p=.027).
Conclusion
This study's findings suggest the need to identify ways to increase North Korean refugee mothers' psychological hardiness and encourage them to extend their sources of social support and enhance their style of parenting.

Citations

• Factors influencing children’s emotional and behavioral problems perceived by North Korean refugee mothers: a descriptive study
  In-Sook Lee, Jeong-Hee Jeon
  Child Health Nursing Research.2024; 30(2): 129.     CrossRef
• Characterizing sociodemographic disparities and predictors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Asian and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander pregnant people: an analysis of PRAMS data, 2016–2022
  Mallory Go, Natasha Sokol, L. G. Ward, Micheline Anderson, Shufang Sun
  BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Knowledge, confidence, and educational needs of newborn care among North Korean refugee women: a descriptive study
  In-Sook Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2023; 29(1): 72.     CrossRef
• Knowledge of atopic dermatitis and food allergies, as well as health information literacy, among North Korean refugee mothers: a descriptive survey study
  In-Sook Lee, Jeong-Hee Jeon
  Child Health Nursing Research.2023; 29(4): 300.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study investigated the parenting experiences of mothers of young children born moderate-to-late preterm (MLPT) in South Korea.
Methods
In this qualitative study, semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 10 mothers of MLPT children from infancy to preschool age. The interviews were video-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Results
Four categories resulted from the analysis of parenting experiences of mothers with young MLPT children, as follows: "becoming a mother of an early-born child", "difficulties as the primary caregiver for a high-risk child", "helpful social support, but still a lack of professional support for parenting a high-risk child", and "mothers and children growing together".
Conclusion
Mothers of young MLPT children experienced difficulties due to concerns about their child's health, growth and development, and insufficient child-rearing support. Therefore, social support systems should be strengthened and more aggressive nursing strategies should be adopted for mothers of young MLPT children.

Citations

• Impact of the child's birth weight on maternal misperceptions of young children's weight: A retrospective study with nationally representative data
  Sangmi Lee
  Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Impact of moderate-to-late preterm birth on neurodevelopmental outcomes in young children: Results from retrospective longitudinal follow-up with nationally representative data
  Sangmi Lee, Yuri Han, Min Kyung Lim, Hun Jae Lee, Shaonong Dang
  PLOS ONE.2023; 18(11): e0294435.     CrossRef

Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among parenting role sharing, parenting stress, happiness, and parenting behavior of mothers with 6-year-old children.
Methods
This study used data from the seventh Panel Study of Korean Children, which began collecting longitudinal data on a sample of newborn households nationwide in 2008 and will continue yearly until 2027. The participants were 1,560 mothers of children aged 6 years. We conducted statistical analyses using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression.
Results
The mean age of the mothers was 36.8±3.7 years. The mothers' perceived parenting role sharing (r=.07, p=.007), parenting stress (r=-.54, p<.001), and happiness (r=.38, p<.001) were significantly correlated with warm parenting behavior. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that parenting stress (β=-.47, p<.001), happiness (β=.15, p<.001), and parenting role sharing (β=.11, p<.001) were significant predictors for warm parenting behavior by mothers.
Conclusion
It is essential to reduce mothers' stress and increase their positive emotions (happiness). Fathers should actively share parenting roles in raising children to enhance mothers' warm parenting behavior.

Purpose
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of parenting education programs (PEPs) for refugee and migrant parents.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies published from 2000 to 2020 were identified through a systematic search of six electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, RISS, KMBASE). A meta-analysis of the studies was then undertaken.
Results
Of the 14,996 published works identified, 23 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria, and 19 studies were analyzed to estimate the effect sizes (standardized mean differences) of the PEPs using random-effect models. PEPs were effective for parenting efficacy (effect size [ES]=1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-1.66), positive parenting behaviors (ES=0.51; 95% CI: 0.30-0.73), parent-child relationships (ES=0.38; 95% CI: 0.22-0.53), and parenting stress (ES=0.64; 95% CI: 0.50-0.79). There were statistically significant differences in the effect sizes of PEPs that included mothers only (ES=0.93), included children under 7 years of age(ES=0.91), did not include child participation (0.77), continued for 19 or more sessions (ES=0.80), and were analyzed in quasi-experimental studies (ES=0.86). The overall effect of publication bias was robust.
Conclusion
PEPs were found to be effective at improving parenting efficacy, positive parenting behaviors, parent-child relationships, and parenting stress.

Citations

• Pilot Evaluation of the Families Make the Difference Parenting Program With Arab Families Residing in Berlin, Germany
  Sascha Hein, Isabell Schuster, Israa Alassi, Aumnia Mohamad
  European Journal of Psychology and Educational Res.2025; 8(1): 35.     CrossRef
• Parents’ and Children’s Emotional Well-Being and Language Beliefs in Heritage Bilingual Families
  Paola Bonifacci, Claudia Borghetti, Martina Cangelosi
  European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psych.2024; 14(9): 2509.     CrossRef
• Using normalisation process theory to identify factors facilitating the scaling up of parenting programs for immigrant parents
  Fatumo Osman, Ulla-Karin Schön, Raziye Salari
  Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to comprehensively explore the associations of socioeconomic status, parenting style, and grit with children's health behaviors.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of 1,040 parents and their children using data from the 2018 Korean Children's Panel Survey. Socioeconomic status was measured in terms of household income and subjective socioeconomic status. Parenting style and grit and were measured using 62 and 8 items, respectively. Health behaviors were measured by assessing healthy eating habits, physical activity, and sedentary behavior.
Results
Higher household income (β=.07, p=.018) and high maternal levels of an authoritative parenting style (β=.20, p<.001) were associated with higher compliance with healthy eating habits among children. Higher grit was associated with a higher number of weekly physical activity days (β=.08, p=.028) and sedentary behavior for <2 hours (odds ratio [OR]=1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01-1.07) in children. A maternal permissive parenting style was associated with sedentary behavior for >2 hours on weekdays (OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.27-0.69).
Conclusion
We suggest that when planning interventions to improve children's health behavior, it is essential to adopt a multifaceted approach that avoids practicing a maternal permissive parenting style, promotes an authoritative parenting style, and incorporates strategies to increase children's grit.

Citations

• Longitudinal Relations Between Maternal Parenting Styles and Preschoolers’ Externalizing Problem Behaviors: A Chain Mediation Model
  Linlin Liang, Ni Zhang, Wen Liu, Linlin Lin, Xue Zhang
  Child & Youth Care Forum.2025; 54(2): 453.     CrossRef
• The Evolving Role of Grit: Shifts in Depression Risk Among High- and Low-Grit Individuals During COVID-19
  Nicholas Lassi
  Healthcare.2025; 13(7): 793.     CrossRef
• Parenting practices and adolescents’ mental health: Serial mediation by parental acceptance and adolescents’ grit
  Glen Johan Ri Young Lim, Shin Ling Wu, Chin Choo Yap, Pei Jun Woo
  Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies.2024; 19(1): 198.     CrossRef
• Associations of Broader Parental Factors with Children’s Happiness and Weight Status through Child Food Intake, Physical Activity, and Screen Time: A Longitudinal Modeling Analysis of South Korean Families
  Kay W. Kim, Jan L. Wallander, Bokyung Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2024; 21(2): 176.     CrossRef
• Father-child attachment on children’s screen time: mediating role of ego resilience
  Hwa-Mi Yang, Hye-Ryoung Kim
  BMC Pediatrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Socioeconomic status and health behavior in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review
  Nirmal Gautam, Getenet Dessie, Mohammad Mafizur Rahman, Rasheda Khanam
  Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to explore first-time fathers' experiences during their transition to parenthood in South Korea.
Methods
Data were collected from September 2019 to February 2020 through in-depth interviews that were conducted individually with 12 participants. First-time fathers with children under 2 months of age were recruited. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method.
Results
Four theme clusters were identified: Preparing to become a father, challenges of becoming a father, motivation to foster familial bonds, and acknowledgement of fatherhood.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that Korean first-time fathers prepared to practice parenthood through prenatal education, taegyo, and feeling bonds with their new baby. They recognized their identity as fathers and experienced self-growth. These results would be beneficial for health professionals in developing perinatal care programs, and the results provide basic data for studies on fathers and families during the transition to parenthood.

Citations

• Fathers’ lived experiences of fatherhood during the child’s first 1000 days: a qualitative systematic review protocol
  Telma Vidinha, Diana Santos, Daniela Pinto, Filipa Margarida Duque, Daniela Cardoso, Ana Filipa Cardoso, Maria José Magalhães, Tatiana Moura, Maria Neto
  JBI Evidence Synthesis.2025; 23(2): 416.     CrossRef
• Experiences of first-time fathers in the transition to parenting: A qualitative study
  Semanur Koyuncu, Aygül Kıssal
  Midwifery.2025; 142: 104284.     CrossRef
• First-Time Fathers’ Experiences in Antenatal Care
  Justine Belista, Vivian Lajara, Marc Lester Quintana
  Journal of Interdisciplinary Perspectives.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Metode Pengenalan Nilai Moral pada Anak Usia Dini dalam Kurun Waktu 20 Tahun di Keluarga Indonesia
  Nur Cholimah, Fitriana Tjiptasari, Septiyati Purwandari
  Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini.2023; 7(3): 3025.     CrossRef
• Perceptions of fatherhood and confidence regarding neonatal care among fathers of high-risk neonates in South Korea: a descriptive study
  Jin Won Lee, Sunhee Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2023; 29(3): 229.     CrossRef
• Fathers’ Lived-Experience of Childbirth: A Descriptive Phenomenological Psychological Inquiry
  Heidi J. Williams, Rodger E. Broomé, Nicholas Markette
  Journal of Humanistic Psychology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study presents a translation, cultural adaptation, and psychometric evaluation of two instruments of the Fertility Awareness and Attitudes Towards Parenthood (FAAP) questionnaire (Conditions and Life changes) for use in South Korea.
Methods
This methodological study included 166 university students for psychometric evaluation in the sixth step. The first five steps included forward translation, backward translation, committee review, assessment of content validity, and a pre-test. In the sixth step, psychometric properties, including internal consistency, construct validity, and criterion validity, were evaluated. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to identify the structure of the tool and to assess its validity.
Results
The Korean version showed acceptable internal consistency. Cronbach's ⍺ was .73 for FAAPC-conditions and .83 for FAAP-Life changes. FAAP-Conditions showed a four-factor structure (social conditions, relationship with partner, external environment, and child-rearing support) and FAAP-Life changes had a two-factor structure (reward and burden). In the confirmatory analysis, CMIN/DF, TLI, IFI, SRMR, CFI, and RMSEA were satisfactory.
Conclusion
This study provided preliminary evidence of the acceptability, reliability, and validity of the Korean version of the FAAP questionnaire in university students in South Korea. Nonetheless, further evaluation among Korean young adults is warranted to validate this instrument.

Purpose
This study assessed the levels of parenting efficacy, parenting stress, and acculturation stress of North Korean refugee mothers and analyzed their effects on parent-child relations.
Methods
A descriptive study design was used. Data were collected during 2019, and 124 North Korean refugee mothers participated.
Results
The mean score for parenting efficacy was 53.08 out of 90, that for parent-child relations was 37.84 out of 50, and that for parenting stress was 48.57 out of 90. The parental stress score was higher than that of child-related stress. The acculturation stress level was 90.66 out of 165, with the highest stress levels found for social isolation and distrust and the lowest found for perceived discrimination. Parenting efficacy, parenting stress, acculturation stress, and parent-child relations were significantly related in North Korean refugee mothers. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the final model had an explanatory power of 35% for parent-child relations (F=17.68, p<.001). Parenting efficacy was the variable with the largest effect on parent-child relations (β=.36, p<.001), followed by parenting stress (β=-.24, p=.010).
Conclusion
The findings suggest the need to identify ways to decrease parenting stress and improve parenting efficacy. Parenting education can guide North Korean refugee mothers to strengthen their parent-child interactions.

Citations

• Development and effects of the PARENT (Parenting Acceptable Real Empathy Nurture Training) program for mothers who defected from North Korea
  In-Sook Lee, Jung-Hee Jeon
  Applied Nursing Research.2024; 79: 151839.     CrossRef
• Parental Stress Associated with International Migration Processes: A Systematic Review
  Pedro Henrique Conte Gil, Carolina Da Silva Peixoto, Cesar Augusto Piccinini, Adolfo Pizzinato
  Universitas Psychologica.2024; 22: 1.     CrossRef
• Research Trends on the Parenting Behavior of North Korean Defectors: A Scoping Review
  Ocksim Kim, Seongmi Choi, JiYeon Choi, Sang Hui Chu
  Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2024; 38(1): 55.     CrossRef
• Linking acculturation stress, parenting stress and depression of Asian expatriates' wives in the USA with their distress disclosure intention: The moderating role of husband's support
  P. Praveen Kumar, K. Kavitha, K.C. Raja Shree
  Acta Psychologica.2024; 251: 104597.     CrossRef
• Knowledge, confidence, and educational needs of newborn care among North Korean refugee women: a descriptive study
  In-Sook Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2023; 29(1): 72.     CrossRef
• Effects of parenting education programs for refugee and migrant parents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  In-Sook Lee, Eunjung Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(1): 23.     CrossRef
• Influence of hardiness, mother-child interactions, and social support on parenting stress among North Korean refugee mothers: a cross-sectional study
  In-Sook Lee, Jung-Hee Jeon
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(4): 269.     CrossRef

Purpose
The symptoms and impairments caused by cerebral palsy usually require long-term treatment, resulting in a substantial burden on the family of affected children. This study explored the experiences of fathers with prematurely-born children with cerebral palsy, with a focus on how such experiences influenced their families.
Methods
A qualitative case study method was used. Nine subjects were recruited from April 2018 to June 2019 at one hospital, and each was interviewed three times by a neonatal nurse.
Results
Five core experiences of fathers were identified: "regret for an insufficient initial response", "confronting my child born as a premature baby", "the position of being a dad who can't do anything", "the process of treatment like a tunnel with no exit", and "a father's getting meaning in life through children". These stories covered an individual's timeline and family interactions.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that fathers of prematurely-born children tend to suppress their emotions; therefore, a novel intervention program to encourage fathers' emotional expression and to support healthier interactions with their families is needed. Moreover, our findings could contribute basic information for the construction of a community-based support system to aid families, including prematurely-born children and other persons with impairments.

Citations

• Factors influencing fathers’ involvement in the care of hospitalized preterm newborns in Balaka, Malawi
  Patani Mhango, Alinane Linda Nyondo-Mipando
  BMC Pediatrics.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a community-based follow-up program on parenting stress, parenting efficacy, and coping among parents with premature infants.
Methods
A non-equivalent control group pre-post quasi-experimental design was used. This program consisted of structured home visits and self-help group meetings for 6 months. The experimental group (n=29) received visits by an experienced neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurse and the control group (n=27) was visited by a visiting nurse. Data were analyzed using the x² test, t-test, and analysis of covariance.
Results
Parents' coping behavior significantly differed in the experimental group compared to the control group (t=3.14, p=.003). In particular, coping subscale I, for maintaining the family situation (t=2.63, p=.011), and subscale III, for understanding the infant's medical situation (t=4.30, p<.001), showed significant differences in the experimental group. There were no significant between-group differences in parenting stress or parenting efficacy.
Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that home visits by an experienced NICU nurse provided through a community-based follow-up program were an effective intervention to improve coping behavior among parents with premature infants.

Citations

• Health education for preterm infants families during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of Indonesian nurses: A qualitative descriptive study
  Herlina, Yeni Rustina, Dessie Wanda
  Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2024; 30(1): 53.     CrossRef
• Best Practices to Support Maternal Mental Health During the Transition from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit to Home
  Jazmin D. Ramirez, Danielle Altares Sarik, Yui Matsuda, Joy Ortiz
  Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America.2024; 36(2): 261.     CrossRef
• The effects of a hospital-to-home care transition program on perceived stress and readiness for hospital discharge in mothers of children with congenital heart disease undergoing corrective surgery
  Zohre Komijani, Meimanat Hosseini, Malihe Nasiri, Parvaneh Vasli
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 78: e66.     CrossRef
• Effective stress intervention programs for parents of premature children: A systematic review
  Melissa Liher Martínez‐Shaw, Yolanda Sánchez‐Sandoval
  Stress and Health.2023; 39(2): 236.     CrossRef
• Improving the self-efficacy of caregivers of children with seizures using evidence-based practice
  Malorie Brooks, Natalie Palau
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2023; 73: 53.     CrossRef
• Development and Effects of Mobile-Application-Based Parenting Support Program for Premature Infants’ Mothers
  Hye Young Ahn, Hyun Jeong Ko, Hee Jee Jo
  Healthcare.2023; 11(19): 2639.     CrossRef
• Effect of a Follow-up Program Involving an Early Intervention and Self-help Group on Parenting Stress, Depression, and Parenting Efficacy for Mothers of Premature Infants
  Eun Sun Ji, Jinhee Choi, Kaka Shim
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2023; 27(4): 256.     CrossRef
• Scoping review of interventions to support families with preterm infants post-NICU discharge
  Thao Griffith, Anamika Singh, Margaret Naber, Patricia Hummel, Caroline Bartholomew, Sachin Amin, Rosemary White-Traut, Lindsey Garfield
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2022; 67: e135.     CrossRef
• Parenting experiences of mothers of moderate-to-late preterm children in South Korea: a qualitative study
  Sangmi Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(4): 247.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study investigated intentions and attitudes towards future parenthood and awareness of fertility among university students in South Korea.
Methods
The participants comprised 166 female and male undergraduate students enrolled at five universities. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to July 2019 using the Korean version of the Fertility Awareness Questionnaire and Attitudes of Parenthood. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics based on participants' general characteristics, the x² test to identify differences in intentions, and the t-test to evaluate attitudes towards parenthood and awareness of fertility in female and male students.
Results
Both female and male students desired to have two children, but they lacked awareness about fertility. The possibility of combining work and having children, along with the availability of childcare resources, impacted the desire for parenthood. Male students tended to consider parenthood as less impactful on their lives and careers than female students. Social structures might also impact the decision to have children.
Conclusion
It is important to provide health education emphasizing fertility awareness and parenthood in young adulthood so participants can consider these facts in advance. In addition, the government should provide resources for couples making parenthood decisions.

Citations

• Childbearing intentions and influencing factors among single young adults in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
  Hyewon Shin, Anna Lee, Sunyeob Choi, Minjeong Jo
  Child Health Nursing Research.2025; 31(1): 15.     CrossRef
• Does perceived gender conflict shape young Koreans' attitudes toward marriage and childbearing?
  Min‐Ah Lee, Rira Song, Juyeon Park
  Journal of Marriage and Family.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Parenthood intentions of 16–18-year-olds in England: a survey of school students
  Rina Biswakarma, Katherine Maslowski, Michael J. Reiss, Joyce C. Harper
  Human Fertility.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Assessment of Reproductive Health Knowledge Among College Students in Northwestern India: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Shilpa Dutta, Akash More, Sanket Mahajan, Neha Nawale, Namrata Choudhary, Deepti Shrivastava
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Gender differences in willingness for childbirth, fertility knowledge, and value of motherhood or fatherhood and their associations among college students in South Korea, 2021
  Hae Won Kim, Seo Yun Kim
  Archives of Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• University students’ fertility awareness and its influencing factors: a systematic review
  Yue Ren, Yue Xie, Qulian Xu, Miaochen Long, Ying Zheng, Lin Li, Changmin Niu
  Reproductive Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The role of the Coronavirus pandemic on childbearing intentions in Iranian women based on path analysis: A cross-sectional study
  Mojdeh Banaei, Nourossadat Kariman, Hamid Sharif Nia, Tahereh Mokhtarian-Gilani
  International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine .2023; 21(1): 43.     CrossRef
• Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Korean version of the fertility awareness and attitudes towards parenthood questionnaire
  Hyewon Shin, Minjoo Hong, Minjeong Jo, Jungmin Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 256.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an education program for mothers of late-preterm infants on parenting confidence, breastfeeding rate, and infants’ growth and readmission rate.
Methods
The participants were 53 mothers of late-preterm infants (26 in the experimental group and 27 in the control group). The experimental group was administered the late-preterm care education program while the control group received standard care. The program consisted of two sessions during hospitalization after birth, one session at the time of discharge, and telephone and social networking service consultations at weekly intervals for the month following discharge. The collected data were analyzed using the t-test, x² test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance.
Results
Parenting confidence and the breastfeeding rate were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the late-preterm infants’ growth and readmission rates between the experimental and control groups.
Conclusion
A care education program for mothers of late-preterm infants can be a useful nursing intervention in clinical practice.

Citations

• Mother’s Own Milk Provision During the First 12 Weeks of Life by Gestational Age
  Aloka L. Patel, Joshua Wilson, Melissa Holmes, Tricia J. Johnson
  JAMA Network Open.2025; 8(3): e250024.     CrossRef
• Characteristics of late preterm infant readmissions: A systematic review
  Jennifer A. Joyner, Amy E. Papermaster, Jane Dimmitt Champion
  Journal of the American Association of Nurse Pract.2024; 36(6): 329.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Postnatal Maternal or Caregiver Interventions on Outcomes among Infants under Six Months with Growth Faltering: A Systematic Review
  Ritu Rana, Barkha Sirwani, Saranya Mohandas, Richard Kirubakaran, Shuby Puthussery, Natasha Lelijveld, Marko Kerac
  Nutrients.2024; 16(6): 837.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Video-assisted Breast Milk and Breastfeeding Training Given to the Mothers of Hospitalized Newborns on the Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Success: A Semi-experimental Study
  Esra TURAL BÜYÜK, Nazlı BALTACI, Şenay ÇOŞĞUN
  Bezmialem Science.2023; 11(4): 417.     CrossRef
• A survey among healthcare professionals from seven countries reported diverse nutritional practices of late preterm infants
  Hon Kit Cheang, Chun‐Yan Yeung, Irene Cheah, Guslihan Dasa Tjipta, Bugis Mardiana Lubis, Raul Garza‐Bulnes, Dagoberto Delgado‐Franco, Adejumoke Idowu Ayede, Chinyere V. Ezeaka, Mamun Al Mohammad Abullah, Adedotun Owolabi, Anne Schaafsma, Urszula Kudla, Le
  Acta Paediatrica.2022; 111(7): 1362.     CrossRef
• Effects of a breastfeeding coaching program on growth and neonatal jaundice in late preterm infants in South Korea
  Gun Ja Jang, Sangjin Ko
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(4): 377.     CrossRef
• Influence of a Breastfeeding Coaching Program on the Breastfeeding Rates and Neonatal Morbidity in Late Preterm Infants
  Gun Ja Jang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2020; 26(3): 376.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Breast Milk Feeding in Singleton Late Preterm Infants
  Su Jin Kim, Gun Ja Jang
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2020; 45(4): 311.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to construct a structural model that explains the factors affecting aggression among elementary school students and to verify their suitability.
Methods
The study period was from June to August 2018. The study subjects were fifth- and sixth- graders at an elementary school. In total, 291 surveys were collected, of which 259 were analyzed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 and AMOS version 24.0.
Results
The fit of the final model was acceptable (x²=160.08 [p<.001], GFI=.921, AGFI=.869, CFI=.919, SRMR=.057, and RMSEA=.086). Thus, eight of the 10 hypotheses were shown to be statistically significant.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that positive and open parenting behaviors and training children to engage in self-control are needed to reduce their aggression. In addition, considerable attention and education are required in the home, school, and society so that children can learn to properly recognize and express their emotions and establish suitable beliefs regarding aggressive behavior.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine types of parenting among fathers. The characteristics of parenting each type in early childhood were identified by systematically analyzing and classifying father’s perceptions of parenting using the Q-methodology, which places importance on the perspective of the performer.
Methods
The Q-method, which is effective for measuring individual subjectivity was used. The subjects in this study were 50 fathers with young children (2~36 months).
Results
Four parenting types were identified analyzing the subjective perceptions of fathers with young children about parenting. One type was centered on character development. Another was centered on social development. A third was centered on physical health and development. The fourth was centered on building values.
Conclusion
Parenting education programs should be developed based on type-specific characteristics and further research should investigate the effects of father’s parenting type.

Purpose
We aimed to identify factors influencing physical activity in adolescents with complex congenital heart disease.
Methods
We recruited 92 adolescents with complex congenital heart disease from a tertiary medical center in Seoul, measured their levels of physical activity, and identified factors that influenced their physical activity levels using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, the New York Heart Association classification, congenital heart disease complexity, the Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Parental Bonding Instrument scale. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to determine factors influencing physical activity.
Results
Total physical activity was higher in males than in females (t=4.46, p<.001). Adolescents who participated in school physical education classes engaged in more physical activity than those who did not (t=6.77, p<.001). Higher self-efficacy (β=.41, p<.001), male gender (β=.37, p<.001) and participation in school physical education classes (β=.19, p=.042) were associated with a higher likelihood of engagement in physical activity.
Conclusion
It is necessary to develop nursing interventions that enhance self-efficacy in order to promote physical activity in adolescents with complex congenital heart disease. Physical activity should also be promoted in an individualized manner, taking into account gender, disease severity, and parental attitude.

Citations

• Children With Congenital Heart Disease and the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines: A Scoping Review
  Matthew S. Chapelski, Megan Tomyn, Kristina Sobolewski, Amanda Froehlich Chow, Leah J. Ferguson, Charissa Pockett, Corey R. Tomczak, Marta C. Erlandson
  CJC Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease.2025; 4(1): 34.     CrossRef
• Understanding the barriers and facilitators that impact physical activity levels in children and adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD): a rapid review
  Alyssia Venna, Yves d’Udekem, Sabrina Figueiredo
  BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Early hybrid cardiac rehabilitation in congenital heart disease: the QUALIREHAB trial
  Pascal Amedro, Arthur Gavotto, Helena Huguet, Luc Souilla, Anne-Cecile Huby, Stefan Matecki, Anne Cadene, Gregoire De La Villeon, Marie Vincenti, Oscar Werner, Charlene Bredy, Kathleen Lavastre, Hamouda Abassi, Sarah Cohen, Sebastien Hascoet, Claire Dauph
  European Heart Journal.2024; 45(16): 1458.     CrossRef
• Physical Activity and Executive Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Defects: A Scoping Review
  Amanda Clifton, Neva Kirk-Sanchez, Gerson Cipriano, James G. Moore, Lawrence P. Cahalin
  Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease.2024; 11(10): 309.     CrossRef
• Physical Activity Promotion Among Individuals With Tetralogy of Fallot
  Mackenzie Buchanan, Christopher Spence, Michelle Keir, Michael Khoury
  CJC Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease.2023; 2(6): 322.     CrossRef
• The discovery of a data-driven causal diagram of sport participation in children and adolescents with heart disease: a pilot study
  Jakub S. Gąsior, Marcel Młyńczak, Craig A. Williams, Aleksandra Popłonyk, Daria Kowalska, Paulina Giezek, Bożena Werner
  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Physical activity modification in youth with congenital heart disease: a comprehensive narrative review
  Arend W. van Deutekom, Adam J. Lewandowski
  Pediatric Research.2021; 89(7): 1650.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to determine the influence of ego-identity, parenting efficacy, and stress coping style on depression in mothers of toddlers.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Data were collected from 164 mothers of toddlers, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS for Windows version 24.0.
Results
The factors influencing depression in mothers of toddlers included ego-identity, economic status, and perceived health status. These variables explained 60.0% of depression in mothers of toddlers.
Conclusion
Lower ego-identity was associated with more intense depression. Therefore, healthcare providers should develop intervention programs that can improve ego-identity to decrease depression among mothers of toddlers.

Citations

• Factors influencing children’s emotional and behavioral problems perceived by North Korean refugee mothers: a descriptive study
  In-Sook Lee, Jeong-Hee Jeon
  Child Health Nursing Research.2024; 30(2): 129.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Changes in Parenting Behavior during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
  Mi-Ra Kim, Sun-Mi Chae
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2022; 26(2): 80.     CrossRef

Purpose
The study aimed to develop a play toolkit to facilitate infants’ and toddlers' symbolic thought and fine motor development.
Methods
This study used a methodological study design including two phases of development and evaluation. After reviewing the play culture and developmental health issues in Kyrgyzstan through a literature review and interviews with local experts and parents, the toolkit was developed and evaluated using content validity and utilization tests.
Results
The toolkit was based on Westby’s symbolic play and the fine motor milestones in the Bright Futures Guidelines. The Toolkits were composed of an overall suggested play schedule according to the child’s age, four kinds of play props, and a utilization guidebook for parents. The play props were a felt book, sorting and assembling blocks, cup blocks, and a tangram. The guidebook contained age-appropriate operating methods and alternative ways to use the materials.
Conclusion
A play toolkit was developed to enhance nurturing practices among parents of infants and toddlers. The findings may help facilitate effective interactions between parents and their children. Considering that nurturing care is critical for achieving better child health outcomes, enhancing parenting resources and parent-child relations could function as an effective strategy for promoting child health.

Purpose
This study examined the effects of an empathy ability improvement program on empathy ability and parenting efficacy among mothers of elementary school students.
Methods
This was a quasi-experimental study using a pre-test/post-test control group design. The experimental group (n=23) completed an empathy ability improvement program, while 22 mothers were assigned to the control group. Pre-test and post-test analyses were conducted using the empathy ability scale and parenting efficacy scale. The data were analyzed using the x² test and test independent t-test.
Results
The experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in empathy ability (t=2.79, d=4.48, p=.008) and parenting efficacy (t=2.87, d=0.89, p=.006) in comparison to the control group.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that empathy education may be effective for improving empathy ability and parenting efficacy in mothers of school-age children.

Citations

• Effects of a Violence Prevention Education Program Using Empathy (VPEP-E) on Fifth-Grade Students in South Korea
  Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim, SoRa Kang, JungMin Lee
  The Journal of School Nursing.2024; 40(4): 361.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to construct a model to explain the parenting satisfaction associated with the role transition of older mothers with preschool children.
Methods
The participants of this study were mothers of 3- to 6-year-old children who gave birth after 35 years of age, and were drawn from 16 child care centers and 8 kindergartens in 4 administrative districts of B city. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 22.0 and AMOS for Windows version 22.0.
Results
Parental stress, mother-child interactions, parental beliefs regarding personality, and socioeconomic status (income, education, and occupation) had direct effects on parenting satisfaction. Social support also showed direct and indirect effects. Among the sub factors of child temperament, sociability had a significant effect. These variables explained 57.4% of the variation in parenting satisfaction.
Conclusion
The results of this study will contribute to the development of effective programs to enhance the parenting satisfaction of older mothers, and will help older mothers through the role transition necessary for the growth of their children.

Purpose
This study was conducted to describe parenting stress in mothers of preschoolers who were born prematurely and to determine factors affecting parenting stress in child’s problem behavior, mother-child interaction and parenting alliance.
Methods
An exploratory survey study was conducted with 66 mothers of preschool children (5~6 years) with preterm births (PTB). Data were collected using Parenting Stress Index (PSI), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Mother-Preschool Child Interaction Scale (MPIS), and Parenting Alliance Inventory (PAI).
Results
Of the 66 mothers, 8(12.1%) showed high scores that were more than borderline for the PSI total score. In the multiple linear regression analysis, lower scores on the PAI (β=-.41, p<.001), higher scores on the externalizing problem behavior of the CBCL (β=.40, p=.001), and lower scores on the MPIS (β=-.21, p=.043) were statistically significant contributors to maternal parenting stress.
Conclusion
Findings indicate that mothers of PTB preschool children are at risk for parenting stress. Child’s externalizing problem behavior, poor maternal- child interaction and parenting alliance were independent factors raising maternal parenting stress. More attention is needed on paternal parenting support, child’s behavioral development, interaction with children for effective prevention and management of maternal parenting stress of PTB young children.

Citations

• Spousal support, parent–nurse partnership and caregiver burden among parents of children with chronic diseases: A cross‐sectional study
  Jihye Kim, Heemin Chae, Yoonjung Kim
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2024; 33(7): 2649.     CrossRef
• Structural Equation Modeling of the Interaction between Mothers and Preschool-Age Children
  Hyun-Yi Chai, Mi-Young Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(5): 630.     CrossRef
• Parenting Stress in Preterm and Full-term Infant Mothers by Their Children’s Developmental Stages
  Kieun Kim, Hyejung Lee
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2020; 24(3): 162.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to level of satisfaction among mothers of preschoolers.
Methods
Participants were 359 mothers of firstborn healthy preschoolers. The questionnaires were collected from August 1 to November 21, 2012. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0.
Results
The mean score for degree of mothers’ parenting satisfaction was 5.94 out of 7. There were significant differences in the level of parenting satisfaction according to mother’s job (t=2.48, p=.014), planned pregnancy (t=3.07, p=.002), number of children (t=2.22, p=.027), and parenting education (F=4.33, p=.005). The environmental variables of age of spouse (F=3.06, p=.048) and monthly income of the household (F=2.87, p=.036) also seemed to have an influence. Analysis of predictors such as the mother’s job, planned pregnancy, parenting education, overall health problems, parenting stress, perception of emotional status and behaviors in children, age of spouse, and spouse’s support explained 31.5% of the variance in mother’s parenting satisfaction.
Conclusion
The results suggest a need to develop nursing intervention programs for parenting stress reduction, and health programs for fathers to support mothers’ child rearing.

Citations

• Parental Health-promoting Behaviors for Young Children in Intercultural Couples
  Hyunmi Son, Gyumin Han, Young-Sil Sohn
  Journal of Child and Family Studies.2024; 33(10): 3317.     CrossRef
• A Model for Role Transition of Older Mothers with Preschool Children
  Mee Kyung Kim, Hyang Mi Jung
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 37.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to identify the sexual maturation, parenting attitude, maturity fear and emotional and behavioral problems of girls in elementary school, and to examine the relation between these variables and factors that influence emotional and behavioral problems.
Methods
Participants were 128 second, third and fourth year students from 3 elementary schools. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 21.0.
Results
Emotional and behavioral problems were related to eating rate, eating breakfast, frequency of late-night snacks and main communicator on pubertal development. Emotional and behavioral problems showed a positive correlation with maturity fear and father’s parenting attitude (strictness) and a negative correlation with parenting attitude and father’s parenting attitude (intimacy). Maturity fear, father’s parenting attitude, eating breakfast, and main communicator on pubertal development had significant influence on emotional and behavioral problems of girls in elementary school.
Conclusion
Findings show that for effective management of emotional and behavioral problems in elementary school girls, programs including coping with maturity fear, supportive parenting of father, diet education, and functional communication with mother on pubertal development should be developed.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to explore how characteristics of ADHD children affect social support for mothers, parenting stress, parenting sense of competence, coping, and quality of life. The conceptual model was based on the Lazarus and Folkman’s stress-evaluation- coping theory.
Methods
Data were collected 208 mothers of children with ADHD. Data were analysed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs.
Results
The proposed model was good fit for the data based on the model fit indices. Parenting stress, parenting sense of competence and coping directly affected quality of life but characteristics of the children and social support had only an indirect effect. The explanatory power of these variables was 52.1%.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that nursing strategies to increase social support for mothers with ADHD children, lowers parenting stress, improves parenting sense of competence, and guides the parents to choose appropriate coping. In particular, as social support has the strongest influence on the quality of life, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention programs that utilize social support for parents with ADHD children.

Citations

• Structural Equation Modeling for Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Developmental Disabilities: Focusing on the Self-Help Model
  Mi Ran Yang, Mi Yu
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(3): 308.     CrossRef

Purpose
Helicopter parenting is emerging in parenting as a way of rearing adolescents and adult children. The aims of this study were to develop a Korean version of the Helicopter Parenting and Autonomy Supportive Behaviors Scale (HPASB).
Methods
The HPASB questionnaire items were translated into Korean and reviewed by experts and Content Validity Index (CVI) in a preliminary study with 10 university students. During September and October, 2014 data were collected from 229 nursing students from five different universities in different locations. For data analysis, SPSS 21.0 statistics which included exploratory factor analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA were utilized.
Results
Content validity was over CVI .8. The 6 factors of K-HPASB were extracted and accounted for 59.30% of variance. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was .71 indicating high reliability.
Conclusion
The Korean version of the HPASB was identified as a scale with a high degree of validity and reliability. The results of this study provide a valuable scale which can be useful in the study of parenting as a way of rearing adolescents and adult children in Korea. To enhance the positive aspect of helicopter parenting, we suggest the development of intervention programs on parenting.

Citations

• Helikopter Anababalık ve Özerklik Destekleyici Davranışlar Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
  Figen ÇOK, Cansu Hazal GÜÇLÜ, H. Kübra ÖZDOĞAN, Semih TOPUZ
  Ankara Universitesi Egitim Bilimleri Fakultesi Der.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Influence of Perceived Helicopter Parenting, Critical Thinking Disposition, Cognitive Ability, and Learning Motivation on Learning Behavior among Nursing Students
  Hyunjoo Oh, Haeryun Cho, So Youn Yim
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(3): 1362.     CrossRef
• The effect of behavioral control parenting on adolescents’ self-esteem: The mediated roles of separation from parents and perceived mattering to parents
  GoWoon Suh
  THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY.2019; 32(2): 43.     CrossRef
• Perceived Helicopter Parenting and Korean Emerging Adults’ Psychological Adjustment: The Mediational Role of Parent–Child Affection and Pressure from Parental Career Expectations
  Jaerim Lee, Sieun Kang
  Journal of Child and Family Studies.2018; 27(11): 3672.     CrossRef
• Mothers’ Helicopter Parenting and Subjective Well-being
  Gyesook Yoo, Ki Na Hwi, Yang Da Yeon
  Journal of Life-span Studies.2018; 8(2): 89.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify effects of parenting stress in North Korean refugee fathers on their parenting behavior.
Methods
A descriptive study design was used. Data were collected during 2014 and 2015 in a settlement support center for North Korean refugees and 99 North Korean refugee fathers participated. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0.
Results
Warmth․encouragement parenting behavior received the highest score. The score for parenting stress was 81.98 out of 180, and 32.3% of participants were found to need professional help (≥PSI 90). There were significant negative correlations between warmth․encouragement parenting behavior and parenting stress. There were also significant positive correlations between rejection․neglect parenting behavior and parenting stress. Predictors of warmth․encouragement behavior were parent-child dysfunctional interaction which explained 10.1% of the variance. Predictors of rejection․neglect behavior were parent-child dysfunctional interaction, number of children and wife’s education level which explained 33.4% of the variance.
Conclusion
Findings show that North Korean refugee fathers’ parenting stress significantly influenced warmth․encouragement and rejection․neglect parenting behavior indicating a need to identify ways to decrease parenting stress. Parenting education can guide North Korean refugee fathers to strengthen parent-child positive interactions and therefore promote their children’s growth and development.

Citations

• 가족관계에서 탈북청년들의 신념변화에 관한 질적 연구: 부모-자녀관계에서 ‘좋은 부모’에 관한 인식을 중심으로*
  주람 전, 일현 배, 지홍 배, 윤정 신
  Journal of Family Relations.2024; 28(4): 93.     CrossRef
• Development and effects of the PARENT (Parenting Acceptable Real Empathy Nurture Training) program for mothers who defected from North Korea
  In-Sook Lee, Jung-Hee Jeon
  Applied Nursing Research.2024; 79: 151839.     CrossRef
• Research Trends on the Parenting Behavior of North Korean Defectors: A Scoping Review
  Ocksim Kim, Seongmi Choi, JiYeon Choi, Sang Hui Chu
  Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2024; 38(1): 55.     CrossRef
• Influence of parenting efficacy, parenting stress, and acculturation stress on parent-child relations among North Korean refugee mothers
  In-Sook Lee, Jung-Hee Jeon
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(2): 171.     CrossRef
• Stress e competenze genitoriali nelle separazioni giudiziarie. Analisi dei fattori protettivi e di rischio nelle relazioni parentali
  Daniela Pajardi, Monia Vagni, Valeria Giostra, Viviana La Spada, Tiziana Maiorano
  RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA.2019; (4): 693.     CrossRef
• Structural Equation Model for Psychosocial Adjustment in North Korean Adolescent Refugees
  Insook Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(3): 287.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was done to explore disease factors in children with epilepsy, parental factors and resource factors that are related to parenting stress and identify effects of each factor on parenting stress.
Methods
Participants were 131 parents who had children who visited a hospital or were hospitalized due to epilepsy. Data collection was done between September 17 and November 17, 2012, and self-report surveys were used.
Results
In Stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors influencing parenting stress in children with epilepsy were marital communication, educational background of parents, parenting efficacy, children’s development delay, drug treatment and surgical treatment as a method of epilepsy treatment. These factors explained 34.6% (F = 13.22, p < .001) of the variance in parenting stress.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that parental factors (educational background of parents and parenting efficacy) and resource factors (marital communication) have higher explanatory power than disease factors of the children. Thus, it is importance to assess the capacity of parents through self-evaluation, and to assess barriers to marital communication when developing parenting stress intervention programs. Furthermore, both parents should be involved in interventions for parenting stress.

Citations

• Development of a parent questionnaire to assess treatment adherence for a child or adolescent with epilepsy
  Juna Lee, Ju Young Yoon
  Epilepsy & Behavior.2023; 140: 109112.     CrossRef
• Structural Equation Modeling for Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Developmental Disabilities: Focusing on the Self-Help Model
  Mi Ran Yang, Mi Yu
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(3): 308.     CrossRef