Purpose
To explore nurses’ perceptions of end-of-life care in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units, focusing on the components, facilitators, and challenges of such care in daily practice.
Methods
A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Data were collected from June to October 2023 through semi-structured individual interviews with 17 nurses from the neonatal and pediatric intensive care units of four tertiary general hospitals in a metropolitan area of South Korea, and were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques.
Results
We identified three themes and nine subthemes: (1) supporting families’ emotional and relational closure, (2) perceiving relational and systemic support as enabling end-of-life care, and (3) feeling constrained by systemic and practical challenges. Participants perceived fostering an emotional connection with the child, ensuring opportunities for meaningful farewell, and supporting emotional acceptance of death as ways to support families’ emotional and relational closure with their child. Although relational and systemic support, such as collaborative teamwork, clear communication, shared planning, and structured tools, enabled compassionate care, participants also felt unprepared, burdened by heavy workloads, and hindered by environmental barriers.
Conclusion
The findings highlight that delivering quality end-of-life care in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units requires supporting families’ emotional needs, strengthening relational and systemic support, and addressing practical challenges. Further research is needed to develop and test practical strategies (e.g., specialized education in compassionate communication, standardized protocols, and supportive care environments) that can improve the quality of end-of-life care for neonatal and pediatric patients and their families.

Purpose
Preventing missed care is important in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) due to neonates’ vulnerabilities. This study examined missed care and its influencing factors among NICU nurses.
Methods
Missed care among 120 Korean NICU nurses was measured using a cross-culturally adapted online questionnaire. The frequency of missed care for 32 nursing activities and the significance of 23 reasons for missed care were collected.
Results
All participants had missed at least 1 activity, missing on average 19.35 activities during a typical work-day. The most common missed item was “provide developmental care for the baby”. The most common reason for missed care was “emergency within the unit or deterioration of one of the assigned patients”. The final regression model explained 9.6% of variance in missed care. The average daily number of assigned patients receiving inotropes or sedation over the last month influenced the total number of missed care items.
Conclusion
Missed care was affected by nurses’ workload related to the number of patients taking medication. Frequently missed activities, especially those related to developmental care, require patience and time, conflicting with safety prioritization and inadequate working conditions. NICU nurses’ working conditions should be improved to ensure adequate time for nursing activities.

Citations

• Status Quo and Real Experience of Missed Nursing Care in ICUs: A Scoping Review
  Runfang Guo, Yiling Li, Jie Jing, Qin Yang, Hejia Wan, Wanwan Qiao
  Nursing in Critical Care.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A mixed-methods systematic review of factors affecting missed nursing care in intensive care
  Huimiao Jing, Xue Bai, Weiguang Wen, Ni Yang, Jie Zhai, Yingli Gao
  Intensive and Critical Care Nursing.2026; 93: 104344.     CrossRef
• Job satisfaction, work environment, and burnout as predictors of missed nursing care in pediatric units: A descriptive cross-sectional study
  Sinem Ozmen, Havva Arslan Yurumezoglu
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2025; 81: e1.     CrossRef
• The effect of nursing workload and patient acuity on missed nursing care among NICU nurses in northern Jordan
  Raeda AbuAlRub, Nagham Abdullateef Mahmmoud, Heyam Fawaz Dalky, Abdullah Alkhawaldeh
  Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2025; 31(3): 101653.     CrossRef
• Missed nursing care and its causes and effects on moral distress in neonatal intensive care nurses
  Burcu Bakırlıoğlu, Bengü Çetinkaya, Rabia Nur Teki
  Nursing in Critical Care.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Missed care in neonatal intensive care unit: effect of electronic reminders
  Bahrami Fereshteh, Azizzadeh Forouzi Mansooreh, Nematollahi Monirsadat, Kalisch Beatrice, Bagherian Behnaz
  BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nurses experiences with an intervention enhancing skill-mix in Kenyan neonatal units with severe workforce deficits: A qualitative study
  Nancy Odinga, Caroline Waithira, Justinah Maluni, Gloria Ngaiza, Vincent Kagonya, Onesmus Onyango, Abdulazeez Imam, David Gathara, Michuki Maina, Kenneth Karumba, Fred Were, Sebastian Fuller, Mike English, Edna Mutua, Sassy Molyneux, Caroline Jones, Dorot
  International Journal of Nursing Studies.2025; 171: 105202.     CrossRef
• Pediatri kliniklerinde çalışan hemşirelerin karşılayamadıkları bakım gereksinimlerinin incelenmesi
  Ayşe Zişan Olcay, Rana Yiğit
  Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2025; 18(2): 132.     CrossRef
• Fading connections: A phenomenological study of oncology nurses’ experiences of Missed Nursing Care during an infectious disease outbreak
  Mahsa Pourshaban, Atefeh Allahbakhshian, Hadi Hasankhani, Federica Canzan,
  PLOS One.2025; 20(11): e0336174.     CrossRef
• The relationship between resilience and missed nursing care in neonatal intensive care units: a cross-sectional study in Iran
  Fatemeh Khoshnavay Fomani, Mahdie Pasha Zanoosi, Mohammad Mehdi Rajabi
  BMC Research Notes.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Mapping the Contributing Factors to Missed Nursing Care in Hospital Settings During a Global Health Crisis: A Systematic Scoping Review
  Mahsa Pourshaban, Atefeh Allahbakhshian, Majid Purabdollah, Jacopo Fiorini
  Journal of Nursing Management.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Pediatrik ve Yenidoğan Birimlerde Karşılanmamış Hemşirelik Bakımı: Kapsamlı Bir Literatür Derleme
  Sinem Özmen, Havva Arslan Yürümezoğlu
  İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri F.2024; 9(2): 281.     CrossRef
• Title Missed Nursing Care and Its Associated Factors: An Integrative Review
  Mohammad Yeganeh, Fatemeh Salmani
  Medical-Surgical Nursing Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Investigating the Quality of Nursing Records and its Relationship to Missed Care by Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses
  L Hajtaghi, M Arshadi, M Rahkar Farshi
  Journal of Health and Care.2024; 25(3): 279.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of missed nursing care in neonatal intensive care units: A cross-sectional study
  Dominika Kohanová, Branislav Malý, Daniela Bartoníčková, Katarína Žiaková
  Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2023; 29(5): 791.     CrossRef
• Qualitative evaluation of missed nursing care in neonatal intensive care units in a teaching hospital in Jordan
  Rania Ali Albsoul, Muhammad Ahmed Alshyyab, Rana Yaser Albayyari, Dana Hani Alselaibi, Salsabil Awni Flefil, Laila Hussam Jardaneh, Sohayla Yaseen Fayiz Dababseh, Baraa Ayed Al Odat, Fatima Abdulsattar Alkubaisi, Majd Hussein AlKhawaldeh, Gerard FitzGeral
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2023; 73: e277.     CrossRef
• Exploring Missed Nursing Care in the NICU: Perspectives of NICU Nurses in Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Health Cluster
  Nasreen Alsalem, Fatima Abu Rashid, Saleh Aljarudi, Mohammed I. Al Bazroun, Roqayah Mirza Almatrouk, Fatimah M. Alharbi, Lames Al Mansour, Nahid Baker Abuzaid
  Pediatric Reports.2023; 15(4): 571.     CrossRef

Purpose
This descriptive study compared the perceived parental stress levels between parents with very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) and nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods
In total, 83 parents of VLBWIs and 78 NICU nurses were enrolled. Data were collected with the Parental Stress Scale (PSS) and analyzed using the t-test and analysis of variance in SAS version 9.4.
Results
The average PSS score was 3.31 among parents and 3.45 among nurses. The stress score was significantly higher among nurses with children (t=2.46, p=.016) and senior nurses (t=2.12, p=.037). There was a significant difference in the stress score according to parents' education (t=3.29, p=.002) and occupation (F=3.14, p=.049) in the sights and sounds subscale. Mothers had significantly higher stress scores than fathers in the parental role alterations subscale (t=2.32, p=.023). Parental stress scores were higher than those perceived by nurses in the infant's appearance and behaviors subscale for breathing patterns (t=2.95, p=.004), followed by jerky/ restless behavior (t=2.70, p=.008).
Conclusion
Nurses should provide explanations to parents of VLBWIs in order to reduce parental stress about the appearances and behavior of VLBWIs. This is more important than aspect of the NICU environment and education about parental roles.

Citations

• What Influences Maternal Stress in The NICU Among Mothers of Preterm Infants?
  Halyna Pavlyshyn, Iryna Sarapuk
  Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2025; Volume 18: 5713.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Maternal Stress and Neurobehavioral Indicators of Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Bruna Abreu Ramos, Cibelle Kayenne Martins Roberto Formiga, Nayara Rodrigues Gomes de Oliveira, Patricia Gonçalves Evangelista Marçal, Rui Gilberto Ferreira, Tárik Kassem Saidah, Waldemar Naves do Amaral
  Children.2024; 11(8): 889.     CrossRef
• Parental stress and nurse-parent support in the neonatal intensive care unit: a cross-sectional study
  Dilek Konukbay, Mürşide Vural, Dilek Yildiz
  BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Fatores associados ao estresse de pais em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal
  Jaquiele Jaciára Kegler, Eliane Tatsch Neves, Augusto Maciel da Silva, Diúlia Calegari de Oliveira, Kellen Cervo Zamberlan
  Acta Paulista de Enfermagem.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The experience of fathers whose infants were hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in South Korea: A scoping review
  Jiyeon Lee, Sunyeob Choi
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2023; 72: 36.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)-based emotional regulation program for mothers of premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods
The study utilized a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Seventeen mothers were recruited for the experimental group and 21 mothers for the control group. Data were collected from July 9, 2018, to Oct 12, 2018 from mothers of premature infants in the NICU regarding parental stress, state anxiety, depression, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation. The experimental group received eight sessions of the REBT-based emotional regulation program for 3-4 weeks, and the control group only received standard nursing care.
Results
Significant differences were found between the two groups in maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (Z=-3.88, p<.001), stress (Z=-2.76, p=.006), state anxiety (Z=-3.72, p<.001), and postpartum depression(Z=-2.62, p=.009) after the intervention in the experimental group.
Conclusion
The REBT-based emotional regulation program for mothers of premature infants was effective for reducing maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation, stress, anxiety, and postpartum depression. Therefore, it may be necessary to provide an REBT-based emotional regulation program for mothers of premature infants in the NICU in clinical practice.

Citations

• Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for parents with preterm infants: A commentary on a systematic review
  Victoria Gray, Jay Thomas, Marilena Hadjittofi, Natalie Holman, James Edward Hill, Catherine Harris
  Journal of Family and Child Health.2025; 2(12): 533.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on the psychological outcomes of parents with preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Sian Hui Chan, Shefaly Shorey
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 74: 23.     CrossRef
• Predicting Children’s Mental Well-Being During COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Maternal Cognitive Emotion Regulation
  Delaram Dehnashi
  Psychology and Behavioral Sciences.2024; 13(5): 129.     CrossRef
• PREDICTING CHILDREN’S MENTAL WELL-BEING DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC BASED ON MATERNAL COGNITIVE EMOTION REGULATION
  Delaram Dehnash
  ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Fordyce happiness training program on the competence of mothers of premature infants admitted to the NICU from Middle East: A quasi-experimental study
  Fereshteh Ghaljaei, Marie Hastings-Tolsma, Nasrin Rezaee
  Pediatrics & Neonatology.2023; 64(5): 512.     CrossRef
• Identifying the common elements of psychological and psychosocial interventions for preventing postpartum depression: Application of the distillation and matching model to 37 winning protocols from 36 intervention studies
  Yuping Lin, Xiangchun Zhang, Tianchun Zhou, Feng Xu, Xinli Zhu, Huixin Zhou, Xiao Wang, Yan Ding
  Early Intervention in Psychiatry.2023; 17(10): 947.     CrossRef
• Mindfulness Intervention Improves Coping and Perceptions of Children’s Behavior among Families with Elevated Risk
  Jill T. Krause, Samantha M. Brown
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2023; 20(23): 7092.     CrossRef
• The effect of Mindful Parenting Training on Parent–Child Interactions, Parenting Stress, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Mothers of Preschool Children
  Zahra Bondar kakhki, Ali Mashhadi, Seyed Amir Amin Yazdi, Shirin Saleh
  Journal of Child and Family Studies.2022; 31(11): 3113.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the noise level and frequency experienced by premature infants receiving incubator care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods
The participants were 20 premature infants receiving incubator care in the NICU of a university hospital in Daejeon Metropolitan city. The noise level was measured using a professional sound-level meter (ET-958, FLUS, Shenzhen, China) based on a noise classification table developed by the author. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS for Windows version 22.0.
Results
The average noise level experienced by premature infants receiving incubator care in the NICU was 51.25 dB (range: 45.0~81.7 dB). The frequency of noises was highest for factors related to nursing activities (40.3%), followed by human factors (29.1%), machine alarm sounds (20.1%), incubator operation (6.6%), and internal environmental factors (3.9%).
Conclusion
According to the above results, the noise level experienced by premature infants receiving incubator care in the NICU exceeded the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an interventional program to reduce noise in the NICU, and to conduct follow-up studies to verify its effectiveness.

Citations

• Development and Evaluation of Infection Control Nursing Simulation Education Program for Nurses in a NICU
  Min-hee Cho, Sunghee Kim
  Journal of Korea Society for Simulation in Nursing.2024; 12(2): 1.     CrossRef
• Noise Produced by Neonatal Ventilators Inside and Outside of the Incubators
  Lea Bergez, Gilles Jourdain, Daniele De Luca
  Respiratory Care.2023; 68(12): 1693.     CrossRef
• Differences in perceived parental stress between parents with very low birth weight infants and nurses in neonatal intensive care units, South Korea
  Seol-Hee Moon, Ho-Ran Park, Dong Yeon Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 297.     CrossRef

Purpose
Nursing protocols for glucose management are well known for both healthy term newborns and high-risk newborns. However, for less risky newborns who are under only observation surveillance, hypoglycemia could be overlooked unless clinical symptoms develop.
Methods
A retrospective study was performed to explore factors influencing variations in glucose levels in 91 newborns who did not require any interventions, but were under nursing surveillance, at a level II neonatal intensive care unit. Data were retrieved from electrical medical records on glucose levels, demographic characteristics, and other clinical characteristics of newborns in their first day of life from January 2016 to May 2019.
Results
Glucose levels tended to stabilize within the normal range (60~80 mg/dL) as time passed during the first day of life. Cesarean section, multiple gestation, abnormal growth, and later preterm birth were associated with low glucose levels in the first 2 hours of life. Thirty-one newborns experienced a hypoglycemic episode (< 45 mg/dL) during the first 24 hours of life.
Conclusion
The findings of this study support the active encouragement of early feeding within 2 hours of birth and urgent adoption of a structural protocol for glucose surveillance in newborns with potential health problems immediately after birth.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate partnerships with nurses, social support and readiness for discharge among mothers of premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and to examine the factors associated with readiness for discharge.
Methods
A survey was conducted among 85 mothers of premature infants hospitalized in a NICU in Seoul, Korea. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, the t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’ correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression using SPSS version 25.0.
Results
The results of the regression analysis showed that partnerships with nurses (β=.32, p=.011) and parenting experience (β=.32, p=.001) were significantly associated with readiness for discharge.
Conclusion
To improve the readiness for discharge among mothers of premature infants, developing strategies to strengthen their partnership with nurses and to provide family-centered care will be needed.

Citations

• Enhancing nurse-parent partnership for NICU nurses by investigating multi-modal learning with a hybrid simulation approach that integrates metaverses and real-world training
  Hee Young Kim, Soon Hyun Myung, In Young Cho
  Nurse Education in Practice.2025; 84: 104294.     CrossRef
• Spousal support, parent–nurse partnership and caregiver burden among parents of children with chronic diseases: A cross‐sectional study
  Jihye Kim, Heemin Chae, Yoonjung Kim
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2024; 33(7): 2649.     CrossRef
• Research trends in nurse–parent partnership: A scoping review of the paediatric field in South Korea
  Seo Jin Park, Ji Yeong Yun, Jina Lee, In Young Cho
  Nursing Open.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association of nurse–mother partnerships with parenting stress and family resilience among South Korean mothers of children with congenital heart disease
  Youna Chang, Jiyoung Lim, Hye Won Yoon
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 79: 16.     CrossRef
• Fostering Partnership Between Pediatric Nurses and Parents of High-Risk Infants: A Mixed Method Approach
  In Young Cho, Won-Oak Oh
  Journal of Child and Family Studies.2023; 32(9): 2681.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Noncontact Visit Program in the NICU for the Prevention of COVID-19
  Hye Young Ahn, Hee Jee Jo, Hyun Jeong Ko
  Healthcare.2023; 11(15): 2152.     CrossRef
• Discharge Readiness Scale for Parents of High-Risk Infants: A Systematic Review
  Ki-Eun Kim, Hyejung Lee, Na-Young Jeon
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2022; 26(4): 205.     CrossRef
• Analysis of the educational needs of nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit for developmental supportive care
  Da-Ae Shin, Kyung-Sook Bang
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2021; 27(3): 261.     CrossRef
• Addressing the Needs of Mothers with Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Secondary Analysis
  Ah Rim Kim
  Asian Nursing Research.2020; 14(5): 327.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to characterize the relationship between parental stress and nurses’ communication as perceived by parents of high-risk newborns in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods
The participants were 54 parents of high-risk newborns in a NICU. Data were collected from January to March 2018. Parental stress and parents’ perceptions of nurses’ communication ability and styles were measured using a questionnaire.
Results
The average scores for parental stress and nurses’ communication ability were 3.39 and 4.38 respectively, on a 5-point scale. Parents most commonly reported that nurses showed a friendly communication style, followed by informative and authoritative styles. Mothers and fathers reported significantly different levels of parental stress. Parental stress showed a negative correlation with nurses’ perceived verbal communication ability. Higher scores for nurses’ verbal communication ability and for friendly and informative communication styles were associated with lower parental stress induced by the environment, the baby’s appearance and behaviors, and treatments in the NICU.
Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that nurses need to offer proper information for parents and to support parents by encouraging them to express their emotions of stress and by providing parents with therapeutic communication and opportunities to participate in care.

Citations

• Influencing Factors of Coping Strategies in Mothers of High‐Risk Newborns: Perceived Stress and Nursing Support
  Jung‐A Kim, Hye‐Young Jang
  International Journal of Nursing Practice.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Influence of perceived parental child-rearing attitudes and ego identity on college adjustment among Korean nursing students
  Hye Seon Choi, Sona Lee, Eunju Seo
  BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The experience of fathers whose infants were hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in South Korea: A scoping review
  Jiyeon Lee, Sunyeob Choi
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2023; 72: 36.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Noncontact Visit Program in the NICU for the Prevention of COVID-19
  Hye Young Ahn, Hee Jee Jo, Hyun Jeong Ko
  Healthcare.2023; 11(15): 2152.     CrossRef
• Effects of parent-provider communication during infant hospitalization in the NICU on parents: A systematic review with meta-synthesis and narrative synthesis
  Nanon H.M. Labrie, Nicole R. van Veenendaal, Ramona A. Ludolph, Johannes C.F. Ket, Sophie R.D. van der Schoor, Anne A.M.W. van Kempen
  Patient Education and Counseling.2021; 104(7): 1526.     CrossRef
• Differences in perceived parental stress between parents with very low birth weight infants and nurses in neonatal intensive care units, South Korea
  Seol-Hee Moon, Ho-Ran Park, Dong Yeon Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 297.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing the quality of nursing care as perceived by mothers of hospitalized children in South Korea
  Ina Jin, Hun Ha Cho
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 266.     CrossRef
• Addressing the Needs of Mothers with Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Secondary Analysis
  Ah Rim Kim
  Asian Nursing Research.2020; 14(5): 327.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the meaning and essence of a mother’s experience of hospitalization of her newborn in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods
This study employed a qualitative research design. An interview was conducted with a mother whose newborn was hospitalized in the NICU, and the data were analyzed using Giorgi’s phenomenological method.
Results
Five main themes and 19 formulated meanings were indentified. The 5 themes were ‘drowning in pain’, ‘just look outside the glass door’, ‘being a pillar’, ‘a deepening attachment’, and ‘prepare for nurturing with hope’.
Conclusion
The results of this study provided an in-depth understanding of the experience of a mother with a newborn in the NICU. These results can be used in the development of a nursing intervention program that provides psychological and emotional support to the mother and family.

Citations

• Phenomenological Study of Women’s Experiences of Neonatal Transport After Childbirth in Korea
  Hye Min Byun, Jeong Hee Eom
  Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursi.2024; 53(2): 151.     CrossRef
• A Qualitative Study of Psychoemotional Changes in Mothers with Children Prenatally Diagnosed with Congenital Heart Disease
  Eun Ju Jo, Jeong Yun Park
  Journal of Korean Association for Qualitative Rese.2024; 9(3): 151.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Noncontact Visit Program in the NICU for the Prevention of COVID-19
  Hye Young Ahn, Hee Jee Jo, Hyun Jeong Ko
  Healthcare.2023; 11(15): 2152.     CrossRef
• Analysis of research on developmentally supportive care for prematurity in neonatal intensive care unit: a scoping review
  Hanna Lee, Ji Hyeon Park, Haeryun Cho
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(1): 9.     CrossRef
• The physical and emotional health of South Korean mothers of preterm infants in the early postpartum period: a descriptive correlational study
  Jiyun Park, Kyung-Sook Bang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(2): 103.     CrossRef
• Not being able to hug our baby before the cables: Early experiences of parents with premature babies
  Nurcan Akgül Gündoğdu, Zeynep Temel Mert, Emine Selda Gündüz
  Nursing Forum.2022; 57(6): 1193.     CrossRef
• Differences in perceived parental stress between parents with very low birth weight infants and nurses in neonatal intensive care units, South Korea
  Seol-Hee Moon, Ho-Ran Park, Dong Yeon Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 297.     CrossRef
• Parenting Stress in Preterm and Full-term Infant Mothers by Their Children’s Developmental Stages
  Kieun Kim, Hyejung Lee
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2020; 24(3): 162.     CrossRef
• Addressing the Needs of Mothers with Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Secondary Analysis
  Ah Rim Kim
  Asian Nursing Research.2020; 14(5): 327.     CrossRef
• South Korean nurses’ lived experiences supporting maternal postpartum bonding in the neonatal intensive care unit
  Sun Young You, Ah Rim Kim
  International Journal of Qualitative Studies on He.2020; 15(1): 1831221.     CrossRef
• The Relationship between Stress, Social Support, and Confidence in Paternal Role Perceived by Korean Fathers of High Risk Infants
  Jeong Hee Eom, YeoJin Im
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2019; 49: e21.     CrossRef
• Parenting Experience of Prematurity Parents Based on Grounded Theory
  Jeong Soon Kim
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2019; 23(4): 232.     CrossRef

Purpose
The study was conducted to measure stratum corneum hydration (SCH) and pH (SCP) in high-risk newborns in the early postnatal period and to explore the features related to patterns of change in those parameters.
Methods
SCH and SCP were measured on the dorsal hand in 99 hospitalized newborns during the first 14 days of life and the results were analyzed using a general linear model.
Results
The mean hydration was 42.9% on day 1, which decreased to 34.6% by 2 weeks (F=15.61, p=<.001). An association was observed between SCH and prematurity (F=21.12, p<.001), as well as for their interaction (F=8.11, p<.001). The mean SCP was 6.2±0.3 on day 1, and decreased to 5.7±0.2 (F=95.75, p<.001), with no association with prematurity. After adjusting for birth weight, SCH was higher in newborns with vaginal delivery (F=9.07, p=.023) and who received phototherapy (F=11.81, p=.011). For SCP, only delivery type had a significant influence (F=6.40, p=.044).
Conclusion
This study suggests that SCH is typically in the 30% range during the early postnatal period, and that an acid mantle on the SC surface is very unlikely to form; these findings could be applied to the nursing process for promoting skin integrity in high-risk neonates.

Citations

• The Effect of Sunflower Seed and Almond Oil on Preterm Infant Skin: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Seda Caglar, Gizem Kerimoglu Yildiz, Ilkay Bakoglu, Ozgul Salihoglu
  Advances in Skin & Wound Care.2020; 33(8): 1.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and performance of developmentally supportive positioning for premature infants (DSPP) among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses.
Methods
The participants in this study were 131 nurses working in the NICU at five university hospitals in Daejeon and the city of Cheong-ju. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS for Windows version 22.0.
Results
NICU nurses’ average DSPP knowledge score was 24.7 out of 33.0, and their average DSPP performance score was 3.2 out of 4.0. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between knowledge and performance of DSPP (r=.32, p<.001).
Conclusion
To improve the level of NICU nurses’ knowledge and performance of DSPP, educational programs should be developed and their effectiveness should be verified.

Citations

• Developmentally Supportive Care Among Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses in South Korea
  Han Na Lee, Ji Hyeon Park, Haeryun Cho
  Advances in Neonatal Care.2023; 23(3): E60.     CrossRef
• Effects of Systematic Discharge Education Program on Anxiety and Parenting Confidence in Mothers of Premature Infants
  Eunyoung Kim, Aeran Jo, Meenam Hwang, Hyunjin Moon, Daeun Jeong, Myungjin Jang, Choyeon Lim
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2023; 27(2): 71.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Neonatal Supportive Positioning Training Video Program for Preterm Infants on the Knowledge and Performance of Nurses in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
  Hyun Jin Moon, Kyung Sook Cho, Mi Young An, Dong Woo Son
  Asian Nursing Research.2022; 16(1): 25.     CrossRef
• Analysis of research on developmentally supportive care for prematurity in neonatal intensive care unit: a scoping review
  Hanna Lee, Ji Hyeon Park, Haeryun Cho
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(1): 9.     CrossRef
• Development and effectiveness of an educational program on developmental positioning for neonatal intensive care unit nurses in South Korea: a quasi-experimental study
  Eun-Ju Yun, Tae-Im Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(1): 70.     CrossRef
• Factors that impact the accuracy with which nurses place preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome in the prone position
  Nur Fitri, Defi Efendi
  La Pediatria Medica e Chirurgica.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Analysis of the educational needs of nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit for developmental supportive care
  Da-Ae Shin, Kyung-Sook Bang
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2021; 27(3): 261.     CrossRef
• Addressing the Needs of Mothers with Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Secondary Analysis
  Ah Rim Kim
  Asian Nursing Research.2020; 14(5): 327.     CrossRef

Purpose
Maintaining body temperature is a key vital function of human beings, but little is known about how body temperature of high-risk infants is sustained during early life after birth. The aim of this study was to describe hypothermia in high-risk infants during their first week of life and examine demographic, environmental, and clinical attributors of hypothermia.
Methods
A retrospective longitudinal study was done from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015. Medical records of 570 high-risk infants hospitalized at Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) of a university affiliated hospital were examined. Body temperature and related factors were assessed for seven days after birth.
Results
A total of 336 events of hypothermia (212 mild and 124 moderate) occurred in 280 neonates (49.1%) and most events (84.5%) occurred within 24 hours after birth. Logistic regression analysis revealed that phototherapy (aOR=0.28, 95% CI=0.10-0.78), Apgar score at 5 minute (aOR=2.20, 95% CI=1.17-4.12), and intra-uterine growth retardation or small for gestational age (aOR=3.58, 95% CI=1.69-7.58) were statistically significant contributors to hypothermia.
Conclusion
Findings indicate that high-risk infants are at risk for hypothermia even when in the NICU. More advanced nursing interventions are necessary to prevent hypothermia of high-risk infants.

Citations

• Using a Plastic Drape to Reduce Hypothermia in Premature Neonates During Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Placement
  Huong (Kelle) T. Phan, Teresa M. McIntyre
  Advances in Neonatal Care.2022; 22(3): 193.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the paternal stress and nursing support as perceived by fathers of high risk infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU).
Methods
The study participants included 88 fathers of high risk infants in NICUs. Their parental stress and nursing support were measured using a self-report questionnaire.
Results
The parental stress level of the fathers was 3.57 of a possible 5. Among the parental stress items, ‘Relationship with infant and parental role’ had the highest scores. The perceived nursing support level was a relatively high, 3.90 on a 5-point scale. The lowest score was for the item ‘showed concern about my well-being.’ The parental stress was lower in fathers with low income, higher in fathers in nuclear families and when the infants’ condition was serious.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that fathers of high risk infants experience intense parental stress. Thus when designing care to provide support for these fathers and their infants, it is necessary to encourage the fathers’ engagement, provide information on how to respond to the baby, and include supportive care to the fathers.

Citations

• Factors influencing the perception of shared decision-making among parents of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study guided by the Ottawa Decision Support Framework
  In Hyeong Choi, In Young Cho
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2025; 85: 346.     CrossRef
• Influencing Factors of Coping Strategies in Mothers of High‐Risk Newborns: Perceived Stress and Nursing Support
  Jung‐A Kim, Hye‐Young Jang
  International Journal of Nursing Practice.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The experience of fathers whose infants were hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in South Korea: A scoping review
  Jiyeon Lee, Sunyeob Choi
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2023; 72: 36.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Noncontact Visit Program in the NICU for the Prevention of COVID-19
  Hye Young Ahn, Hee Jee Jo, Hyun Jeong Ko
  Healthcare.2023; 11(15): 2152.     CrossRef
• Reviewing recordings of neonatal resuscitation with parents
  Maria C den Boer, Mirjam Houtlosser, Ruben S G M Witlox, Roosmarijn van der Stap, Martine C de Vries, Enrico Lopriore, Arjan B te Pas
  Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neona.2021; 106(4): 346.     CrossRef
• Differences in perceived parental stress between parents with very low birth weight infants and nurses in neonatal intensive care units, South Korea
  Seol-Hee Moon, Ho-Ran Park, Dong Yeon Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 297.     CrossRef
• Developing Nursing Standard Guidelines for Nurses in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Delphi Study
  Hanna Lee, Da-Jung Kim, Jeong-Won Han
  Healthcare.2020; 8(3): 320.     CrossRef
• The Relationship between Stress, Social Support, and Confidence in Paternal Role Perceived by Korean Fathers of High Risk Infants
  Jeong Hee Eom, YeoJin Im
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2019; 49: e21.     CrossRef
• Parental anxiety regarding premature infants and factors affecting parental concern
  Ju Yun Lee, Jung Hyun Lee, Gyu Min Yeon, Yu Jin Jung
  Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Correlations between a Flexible Parental Visiting Environment and Parental Stress in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
  Su Jin Lee, Eun Kyoung Choi, Jeongok Park, Hee Soon Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 377.     CrossRef
• Experience of Becoming a Father of a High Risk Premature Infant
  Jeong Eon Park, Byoung Sook Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(2): 277.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to examine the effect of education on infection control for multidrug resistant organism (MDRO).
Methods
One group pre-post time series design was used. Infection control education for MDRO infection was provided to nurses working in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Knowledge and recognition were evaluated before and after education. Hand hygiene compliance, MDRO isolation rate and central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rate were used as outcome variables. Data from 45 nurses was used for analysis.
Results
General knowledge about MDRO increased (p=.011). Responses to questions about image of MDRO and MDRO management tended to change in a positive direction (p = .046). Hand hygiene compliance was 100% at pre-test, 79.5% during education period and 98.4% at post-education period. MDRO isolation rate was 6.83 per 1,000 patient days at pre-test, 10.24 during education period and 6.68 at post-education period. CLABSI rate was 3.76 per 1,000 central line days at pre-test, 6.84 during education period and 4.71 at post-education period.
Conclusion
Findings indicate that the education program is effective in improving knowledge about MDRO in NICU nurses. However, more reliable indicators should be used to determine long-term effects.

Citations

• Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Mothers Working as Nurses Toward Multidrug-Resistant: Impact of an Educational Program in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Sawsan Abuhammad, Dalya Alwedyan, Shaher Hamaideh, Mohammed AL-Jabri
  Infection and Drug Resistance.2024; Volume 17: 1937.     CrossRef
• Development and Evaluation of Infection Control Nursing Simulation Education Program for Nurses in a NICU
  Min-hee Cho, Sunghee Kim
  Journal of Korea Society for Simulation in Nursing.2024; 12(2): 1.     CrossRef
• Perceived Importance, Performance, Barriers, and Strategies of VRE Infection Control among Nurses in Wards with Cohort Isolation Rooms: A Mixed-methods Study
  Yunhee Won, Jeonghyun Cho, Eunyoung Park
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2023; 35(4): 393.     CrossRef
• Development of a high-risk neonatal infection control competency scale
  Mi Yu, Hyunju Kang, Jisun Park, Miran Yang
  Journal of Child Health Care.2021; 25(3): 393.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Self-Confidence in Performance of Infection Control for Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms among Nurses in Long-Term Care Hospitals
  So Jin Lee, Mi Ran Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursi.2021; 28(2): 226.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was performed to explore the weight variations in high-risk term newborns hospitalized during the early postnatal period.
Methods
A retrospective explorative study was performed with 64 term newborns who were hospitalized in the NICU after birth. Data on daily weight, birth information, and clinical features such as phototherapy, placements, nutritional status were reviewed through medical records for 14 days of life. General Linear Model, GLM was applied to analyze the weight variation by clinical features of these high–risk term newborns for 14 days of life.
Results
Newborns at 40 weeks of gestation showed little weight loss during the few days after birth then steadily gained weight to 7.6% at the 14th day. Infants born at 37-39 gestation showed little weight gain for 14 days though the weight loss itself was not apparent. As well, return to birthweight was not observed in newborns with phototherapy, infants placed on a warmer or infants having gastrointestinal dysfunction for 14 days of life.
Conclusion
Even for term newborns, physiologic weight loss may not be warranted even if newborn is born at less than 40 week of gestation, or with high-risk conditions that warrant admission to NICU.

Purpose
This study was done to identify the meaning and substantial nature of NICU practice among nursing students by applying a research method based on hermeneutic phenomenology in an attempt to lay a foundation for enhancing theoretical and practical child nursing education.
Methods
The participants were eight nursing student who had experience in clinical practicing in NICU. In-depth interviews were performed from April to December, 2014 until data were fully saturated. Collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method.
Results
Seven theme clusters were extracted from fourteen themes. The seven theme clusters of the nursing students’ clinical practice experience in NICU were: 1) Excitement about the clinical practice setting 2) Afraid of practice environment 3) Babies have priority over clinical practice 4) Comparing with adult nursing clinical practice 5) Feeling pity for babies and their parents 6) New awareness about the role of nurses 7) Demands of enhancing clinical practice.
Conclusion
The results of the study provide useful information in understanding nursing students’ practice experience in NICU and establishing effective strategies to support these nursing students.

Citations

• Experiences of Nursing Interns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Saudi Arabia: A Phenomenological Study
  Ahmad Ismail, Rawan Gashgari
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nursing students experiences in neonatal care: A qualitative study
  Carina Barreira, Inês Rodrigues, Fernanda Loureiro
  Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2023; 29(3): 559.     CrossRef
• Development of a protocol for guidance in the pediatric nursing practicum in South Korea: a methodology study
  Hyun Young Koo, Bo Ryeong Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(1): 51.     CrossRef
• Development of a Project-Based Learning Program on High-Risk Newborn Care for Nursing Students and Its Effects: A Quasi-Experimental Study
  Hyun-Young Koo, Young-Eun Gu, Bo-Ryeong Lee
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2022; 19(9): 5249.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of neonatal emergency nursing education through simulation training: Flipped learning based on Tanner’s Clinical Judgement Model
  Sun‐Yi Yang
  Nursing Open.2021; 8(3): 1314.     CrossRef
• Educational needs for practicing neonatal intensive care among Korean nursing students
  Hyun Young Koo, Bo Ryeong Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(4): 339.     CrossRef
• Nursing Students' Practice Experience on Community Visiting Nursing
  Jae-Hyun Ha, Jeong-Hee Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nurs.2020; 31(1): 43.     CrossRef
• Developing Nursing Standard Guidelines for Nurses in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Delphi Study
  Hanna Lee, Da-Jung Kim, Jeong-Won Han
  Healthcare.2020; 8(3): 320.     CrossRef
• Levels of Nursing Students’ Core Skills Performance, Satisfaction, and Clinical Judgment According to Four Types of High-risk Neonatal Nursing Simulation during Three Phases
  Eun Jung Cho, Won Kee Lee
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2019; 44(2): 206.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to identify the effectiveness of the 'intervention - mother's recorded song' on low-birth weight infants in an neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
METHODS
This study was conducted with a nonequivalent control group pre-posttest quasi-experimental design and the participant group was low-birth weight infants who were admitted to the NICU. Forty-eight infants, 24 in each from two groups, the experimental and control group, participated in the study.
RESULTS
For physical response according to vital signs, there were no significant statistical differences in heart rate, respiration rate and pulse oximetry saturation between the experimental group and the control group. For behavioral state, there was a significant statistical difference between the experimental and control group.
CONCLUSION
The study results indicate that the intervention using mother's song had some significance as a nursing intervention with positive impacts. Such an intervention can help pediatric nurses improve infants' stabilization of their vital signs and behavioral states. By showing the effectiveness of such an intervention, the results of this study provide further evidence-based information in developing the practice of pediatric nursing.

Citations

• Effects of Hearing Recorded Mother's Voice on Physiological Reactions and Behavioral State of Sleep, Weight of Very Low Birth Weight Infants.
  Mi Hyang Choi, In Soon Kang, Young Hae Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(3): 185.     CrossRef
• Concept Analysis of Developmental Care for Preterm Infants: Hybrid Model.
  Jeongsoon Kim, Heesun Shin
  Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(4): 350.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to describe breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and nursing practice of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses.
METHODS
Survey methodology using a self administered questionnaire was employed as the research design. A total of 153 questionnaires from 7 university hospital NICUs in Seoul, Daejeon, and Daegu were used for data analysis.
RESULTS
The percentage of correct answers on the breastfeeding knowledge questions for the NICU nurses was 59.3%. The nurses in NICU reported a somewhat positive attitude to breastfeeding, mean per item 3.70+/-0.41 on a scale of 5 points. Their breastfeeding nursing practice was at a moderate level, mean per item, 3.26+/-0.74. Breastfeeding knowledge had significant correlations with breastfeeding attitude (r=.554, p<.001) and nursing practice (r=.203, p=.002). Also, There was a significant correlation between breastfeeding attitude and nursing practice (r=.243, p=.002).
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that breastfeeding educational programs and strategies for NICU nurses should be developed to increase their breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and nursing practice.

Citations

• NICU nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, practices, and influencing factors regarding breastfeeding of newborns: a scoping review
  Hanmei Peng, Xia Li, Xuemei Guo, Ying-Xin Li, Xi Huang, Liangni Zeng, Chengmei Liu, Yuan Li, Yanling Hu
  International Breastfeeding Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Development of a Protocol for the Direct Breastfeeding of Premature Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
  Eun Sook Kim, Hyun Gi Min, Ji Yeon Lee, Ji Yoon Lee, Young Hee Yi
  Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing.2024; 38(1): 73.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of a Mobile-based Maternal Feeding Education Program for Overweight Prevention in Infants
  Jin Suk Ra
  Asian Nursing Research.2021; 15(2): 136.     CrossRef
• Knowledge of and Attitude toward Breastfeeding among Medical Staff Working in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Obstetric Unit
  Eun Sook Kim, Young Hee Cho, Hyejung Lee
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2020; 24(2): 102.     CrossRef
• Influencing Factors on Breastfeeding Nursing Activities of Nursing Students
  Ya Ki Yang
  Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Educ.2019; 25(1): 83.     CrossRef
• Impact of Breastfeeding Knowledge, Attitude, and Barriers on Breastfeeding Practice among Twin Mothers
  Jae In Shim, Sook Jung Kang
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2017; 23(2): 89.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to define nursing behavior in neonatal intensive care units so as to estimate resource-based relative value-.
METHOD
Participating in this study were 292 nurses in neonatal intensive care units. The study surveyed physical and mental labor, stress and time involved in nursing work. Tool used in this study was a nursing labor per relative value tool. For analyzes, the relative value of each nursing behavior was calculated, where the mean value of the three components, labor intensity and component-by-component explanatory power were in percentage terms.
RESULTS
1. Nursing behaviors in neonatal intensive care unit were classified and defined at three levels: 5 main domains, 17 mid-domains, and 42 small domains. 2. The per component explanatory power of intensity involved in nursing labor showed physical effort to be 32.45%, mental 32.86%, and stress 34.69%. 3. The reliability of nursing labor factors was very strong, Cronbach's alpha value of 0.96.
CONCLUSION
In this research, which is a first in defining nursing behavior in neonatal intensive care units, individual nursing behavior were broken down using resource-based relative value for nursing cost, and each nursing behavior was successfully translated to a numerical value.