Purpose
This study aimed to assess the knowledge level of first-time mothers regarding digestive health issues in infancy and to examine the utilization of healthcare facilities for such problems.
Methods
Data from 119 first-time mothers of infants under 6 months of age were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted using the SPSS software.
Results
The average correct response rate for first-time mothers’ knowledge of digestive health problems in infancy was 61.9%. The highest correct response rate was observed for infantile colic, while diarrhea had the lowest. Less than 50% of mothers received education on infant digestive health problems across all categories. Among digestive health problems in infancy, diarrhea exhibited the highest rate of healthcare utilization, whereas infantile colic had the lowest. First-time mothers’ knowledge of digestive health problems in infancy varied based on maternal age (t=-3.66, p<.001), education level (t=-2.26, p=.026), and planned pregnancy (t=3.24, p=.002). Moreover, mothers who received education on infant digestive health problems demonstrated better overall knowledge of digestive health problems.
Conclusion
The rate of education regarding digestive health problems during infancy among first-time mothers was < 50%. Furthermore, mothers educated on infant digestive health issues exhibited improved knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to provide appropriate pre-education to primiparous common gastrointestinal health issues in infants.

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to apply and evaluate the effectiveness of a child abuse prevention program based on the Nursing Model of Resilience and Coping Skills Training Model for unmarried mothers during pregnancy and puerperium.
Methods
This study had a prospective single-case, AB design with four repeated self-questionnaire measures and three observational measures. Seven unmarried mothers were provided with 10 sessions child abuse prevention program through individual visits from 32 to 34 weeks of pregnancy to 6 weeks after childbirth. The questionnaire was composed related to resilience, maternal stress, maternal attitude, parent-child interaction, child abuse potential. The observation was measured by video recording (total 16 times) the interaction of parent-child during feeding and analyzing it by three experts. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Friedman’s test.
Results
Maternal attitude and parent-child interaction were statistically significantly improved after intervention compared to before intervention. However, maternal stress decreased after intervention compared to before intervention, but it was not statistically significant. Also, resilience and child abuse potential were not statistically significant. This program is partially effective in preventing child abuse by promoting parenting attitudes and parent-child interactions.
Conclusion
This study focused on individual resilience and applied systematic intervention as coping skills training to prevent child abuse. This study is meaningful in that interventions were conducted through individual visits to unmarried mothers at high risk of child abuse, and the program was applied, including pregnancy and postpartum periods, to prevent child abuse early.

Purpose
This study investigated the parenting experiences of mothers of young children born moderate-to-late preterm (MLPT) in South Korea.
Methods
In this qualitative study, semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 10 mothers of MLPT children from infancy to preschool age. The interviews were video-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Results
Four categories resulted from the analysis of parenting experiences of mothers with young MLPT children, as follows: "becoming a mother of an early-born child", "difficulties as the primary caregiver for a high-risk child", "helpful social support, but still a lack of professional support for parenting a high-risk child", and "mothers and children growing together".
Conclusion
Mothers of young MLPT children experienced difficulties due to concerns about their child's health, growth and development, and insufficient child-rearing support. Therefore, social support systems should be strengthened and more aggressive nursing strategies should be adopted for mothers of young MLPT children.

Citations

• Impact of the child's birth weight on maternal misperceptions of young children's weight: A retrospective study with nationally representative data
  Sangmi Lee
  Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Impact of moderate-to-late preterm birth on neurodevelopmental outcomes in young children: Results from retrospective longitudinal follow-up with nationally representative data
  Sangmi Lee, Yuri Han, Min Kyung Lim, Hun Jae Lee, Shaonong Dang
  PLOS ONE.2023; 18(11): e0294435.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study investigated the physical and emotional health of South Korean mothers of preterm infants in the early postpartum period.
Methods
In this descriptive correlational study, the participants included 91 mothers of preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Physical health status was measured using a self-reported questionnaire, postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and guilt using a 4-item scale.
Results
Fatigue had the highest score among mothers' physical health problems, followed by shoulder pain, nipple pain, neck pain. The average postpartum depression score was 11.02 points, and 44% of women had postpartum depression with a score of 12 or above. Postpartum depression significantly was correlated with physical health (r=.35, p=.001), anxiety (r=.84, p<.001), and guilt (r=.75, p<.001) and was significantly higher for women with multiple births, and preterm infants who required ventilator and antibiotic treatment. Anxiety also showed a significant difference according to preterm infants’ condition.
Conclusion
The significant correlations between postpartum depression and physical health, anxiety, and guilt indicate a need for nursing interventions that provide integrated management of mothers’ physical and emotional health.

Citations

• Physical Problems, Fatigue, and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Experienced by Women in the First 48 Hours of Postpartum Period
  Yasemin Erkal Aksoy, Bihter Akin, Sema Dereli Yilmaz
  Nursing & Health Sciences.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Extending the concept of moral distress to parents of infants hospitalized in the NICU: a qualitative study in Greece
  Polychronis Voultsos, Maria Arabatzi, Maria Deligianni, Alexandra K. Tsaroucha
  BMC Psychology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors associated with posttraumatic stress and anxiety among the parents of babies admitted to neonatal care: a systematic review
  Reem Malouf, Sian Harrison, Victoria Pilkington, Charles Opondo, Chris Gale, Alan Stein, Linda S. Franck, Fiona Alderdice
  BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among parenting role sharing, parenting stress, happiness, and parenting behavior of mothers with 6-year-old children.
Methods
This study used data from the seventh Panel Study of Korean Children, which began collecting longitudinal data on a sample of newborn households nationwide in 2008 and will continue yearly until 2027. The participants were 1,560 mothers of children aged 6 years. We conducted statistical analyses using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression.
Results
The mean age of the mothers was 36.8±3.7 years. The mothers' perceived parenting role sharing (r=.07, p=.007), parenting stress (r=-.54, p<.001), and happiness (r=.38, p<.001) were significantly correlated with warm parenting behavior. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that parenting stress (β=-.47, p<.001), happiness (β=.15, p<.001), and parenting role sharing (β=.11, p<.001) were significant predictors for warm parenting behavior by mothers.
Conclusion
It is essential to reduce mothers' stress and increase their positive emotions (happiness). Fathers should actively share parenting roles in raising children to enhance mothers' warm parenting behavior.

Citations

• Relationship Satisfaction in Relation to Gender Essentialism and Gender Equality Views
  Dorottya Ocsenás, Judit Kovács
  Marriage & Family Review.2025; : 1.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the quality of nursing care as perceived by mothers of hospitalized children and provide basic data for the development of nursing care quality improvement programs.
Methods
The participants consisted of 167 mothers, each of whom had a child hospitalized at a specific children's hospital. Data were collected from June 22 to August 8, 2019.
Results
The factors that affected how mothers perceived the quality of nursing care were the communication ability of nurses (β=.44, p<.001) and the mother-nurse partnership (β=.33, p=.001). The total explanatory power of these factors was 54.1%.
Conclusion
To improve the quality of pediatric nursing care, it is necessary to improve the communication abilities of nurses and to promote partnership between nurses and the mothers of hospitalized children.

Citations

• Parents Satisfaction with Nursing Care at Children Hospital Lahore, Pakistan
  Hina Munir, Zaib UN Nisa, Shah Hussain
  medtigo Journal of Medicine.2025; 1(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Impact of Pediatric Nurses’ Nursing Professionalism on Quality of Nursing Care: Double Mediating Effect of Clinical Decision Making and Pediatric Nurse-Parent Partnership
  Jung-Eun Lee, Mi-Young Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administratio.2024; 30(1): 55.     CrossRef
• Investigating the Effectiveness of Communication Skills Training on Nurses' Self-Efficacy and Quality of Care
  Maiken Wolderslund, Poul-Erik Kofoed, Jette Ammentorp
  Journal of Integrative Nursing and Palliative Care.2024; 3(2): 1.     CrossRef
• Factorial Validity of the Pediatric Nurse Parent Partnership Scale—Pediatric Nurses (PNPPS-PN)
  Mi-Young Choi, Ju-Yeon Uhm
  Healthcare.2022; 10(6): 991.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to explore the child-rearing experiences of mothers with early adolescents in Korean multicultural families.
Methods
The participants were six mothers with early adolescents in Korean multicultural families. Data were collected through in-depth interviews. The main question was, "Could you tell me about your child-rearing experiences with your adolescent child?" The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
Results
Four categories resulted from the analysis of child-rearing experiences of mothers with early adolescents in Korean multicultural families, as follows: "separation between myself and others", "distance between myself and my adolescent child", "making efforts to bridge the gap between myself and others", and "trying to connect with my adolescent child closely".
Conclusion
These findings indicate that mothers in Korean multicultural families made many efforts to bridge the gap between themselves and other people, and tried to connect with their children closely. The findings of this study emphasize specific aspects of how mothers with early adolescents experienced child-rearing in Korean multicultural families.

Purpose
This study assessed the levels of parenting efficacy, parenting stress, and acculturation stress of North Korean refugee mothers and analyzed their effects on parent-child relations.
Methods
A descriptive study design was used. Data were collected during 2019, and 124 North Korean refugee mothers participated.
Results
The mean score for parenting efficacy was 53.08 out of 90, that for parent-child relations was 37.84 out of 50, and that for parenting stress was 48.57 out of 90. The parental stress score was higher than that of child-related stress. The acculturation stress level was 90.66 out of 165, with the highest stress levels found for social isolation and distrust and the lowest found for perceived discrimination. Parenting efficacy, parenting stress, acculturation stress, and parent-child relations were significantly related in North Korean refugee mothers. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the final model had an explanatory power of 35% for parent-child relations (F=17.68, p<.001). Parenting efficacy was the variable with the largest effect on parent-child relations (β=.36, p<.001), followed by parenting stress (β=-.24, p=.010).
Conclusion
The findings suggest the need to identify ways to decrease parenting stress and improve parenting efficacy. Parenting education can guide North Korean refugee mothers to strengthen their parent-child interactions.

Citations

• Development and effects of the PARENT (Parenting Acceptable Real Empathy Nurture Training) program for mothers who defected from North Korea
  In-Sook Lee, Jung-Hee Jeon
  Applied Nursing Research.2024; 79: 151839.     CrossRef
• Parental Stress Associated with International Migration Processes: A Systematic Review
  Pedro Henrique Conte Gil, Carolina Da Silva Peixoto, Cesar Augusto Piccinini, Adolfo Pizzinato
  Universitas Psychologica.2024; 22: 1.     CrossRef
• Research Trends on the Parenting Behavior of North Korean Defectors: A Scoping Review
  Ocksim Kim, Seongmi Choi, JiYeon Choi, Sang Hui Chu
  Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2024; 38(1): 55.     CrossRef
• Linking acculturation stress, parenting stress and depression of Asian expatriates' wives in the USA with their distress disclosure intention: The moderating role of husband's support
  P. Praveen Kumar, K. Kavitha, K.C. Raja Shree
  Acta Psychologica.2024; 251: 104597.     CrossRef
• Knowledge, confidence, and educational needs of newborn care among North Korean refugee women: a descriptive study
  In-Sook Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2023; 29(1): 72.     CrossRef
• Effects of parenting education programs for refugee and migrant parents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  In-Sook Lee, Eunjung Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(1): 23.     CrossRef
• Influence of hardiness, mother-child interactions, and social support on parenting stress among North Korean refugee mothers: a cross-sectional study
  In-Sook Lee, Jung-Hee Jeon
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(4): 269.     CrossRef

Purpose
The aim of this study was to clarify and define the concept of nursing support as perceived by mothers of preterm infants.
Methods
The research was conducted using Schwartz-Barcott and Kim's hybrid model. Sixteen articles were analyzed during the theoretical phase. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 mothers of preterm infants in the fieldwork phase. In the final analytical phase, the attributes of nursing support were defined.
Results
There were four themes and 10 attributes of nursing support as perceived by mothers of preterm infants. Professional care and emotional care for the baby were identified as attributes of baby care support. Information related to the disease, inpatient environment, baby's daily hospital life, and mother-centered care were identified as attributes of information delivery support. Empathy for mothers and therapeutic communication with the mother were identified as attributes for mental care support. Lastly, providing a chance for the mother to take care of the baby and reinforcement of the maternal role were identified as attributes of maternal role support.
Conclusion
The 10 attributes of this study could provide a base for the development of a nursing support instrument and practical guidelines for mothers in neonatal intensive care units.

Citations

• Effective Therapeutic Communication Model in Reducing Stunting in Secanggang District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra
  Dewi Kurniawati, Nurmaini Nurmaini, Aulia Rahma Ritonga
  Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología.2026; 6: 2562.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Breast Massage and Warm Compress Application on Milk Production and Anxiety in Mothers with Premature Newborn: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Şeyma Ertugral Mollaahmetoglu, Gulten Guvenc
  Breastfeeding Medicine.2025; 20(6): 416.     CrossRef
• Transforming neonatal nursing: a randomized controlled trial comparing kangaroo care and standard protocols for survival in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome
  Osama Mohamed Elsayed Ramadan, Afrah Madyan Alshammari, Abeer Nuwayfi Alruwaili, Nadia Bassuoni Elsharkawy, Ali Alhaiti, Nagwa Ibrahim Mabrouk Baraka
  BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Mother-child separation in critical care: emotional implications, impact on the bond and intervention strategies
  Jorge Leodan Cabrera Olvera , Carmen Graciela Zhizhpon Gavidia , Jonathan David Velasco Cedeño , Gabriela Lisbeth Sinchiguano Moreno
  Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología.2025; 5: 1440.     CrossRef
• “More than medical care”: a qualitative study on family support systems in the neonatal intensive care unit in Ghana
  Mary Boadu, Lillian Akorfa Ohene, Vivian Efua Senoo-Dogbey
  BMC Pediatrics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Influencing Factors of Coping Strategies in Mothers of High‐Risk Newborns: Perceived Stress and Nursing Support
  Jung‐A Kim, Hye‐Young Jang
  International Journal of Nursing Practice.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• What matters to families about the healthcare of preterm or low birth weight infants: A qualitative evidence synthesis
  Lisa Hurt, David Odd, Mala Mann, Hannah Beetham, Emma Dorgeat, Thomas CW Isaac, Annie Ashman, Fiona Wood
  Patient Education and Counseling.2023; 115: 107893.     CrossRef
• Nurses’ strategies to provide emotional and practical support to the mothers of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Maryam Maleki, Abbas Mardani, Celia Harding, Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad, Mojtaba Vaismoradi
  Women's Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Differences in perceived parental stress between parents with very low birth weight infants and nurses in neonatal intensive care units, South Korea
  Seol-Hee Moon, Ho-Ran Park, Dong Yeon Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 297.     CrossRef
• The Development and Validation of a Perceived Nursing Support Scale for Mothers of Preterm Infants
  Mihae Im, Jina Oh
  Asian Nursing Research.2021; 15(5): 317.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to identify factors-both infant-related and maternal-associated with pressure to eat as a feeding practice among mothers with infants.
Methods
This study used a cross-sectional design and included 163 mothers of infants aged 2~12 months. Of the 180 self-reported questionnaires that were distributed, 163 (91%) were included in the data analysis. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with pressure to eat as a feeding practice among the mothers.
Results
Infant’s temperament (β=-.17, p=.035), mother’s body mass index (β=-.16, p=.048), and concern about the infant being underweight (β=.30, p=.001) were associated with pressure to eat as a feeding practice among mothers. The explanatory power of these variables in the predictive model was 19.2%.
Conclusion
Educational programs should be developed for improving mother’s awareness of cues from infants with difficult temperament. In addition, educational interventions regarding the correct evaluation of infant’s weight are needed to relieve mother’s concern about their infant’s being underweight. These interventions might be helpful to reduce the prevalence of pressure to eat as a feeding practice among mothers with infants.

Citations

• Evaluation of a Mobile-based Maternal Feeding Education Program for Overweight Prevention in Infants
  Jin Suk Ra
  Asian Nursing Research.2021; 15(2): 136.     CrossRef

Purpose
Caring for a vulnerable premature baby is a challenging task, but some mothers experience growth through that process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing post-traumatic growth in mothers with premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.
Methods
A correlational research design was used and 105 mothers of premature infants were recruited from an online community. Data were collected from January 15 to January 25, 2019. Post-traumatic growth was measured using the Korean version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, the Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression.
Results
The final model developed in this study explained 45.5% of post-traumatic growth (F=13.66, p<.001). Resilience (β=.54, p<.001) was the strongest predictor of post-traumatic growth, followed by the age of the mother when giving birth (β=.17, p=.028) and current employment status (β=.17, p=.049).
Conclusion
For mother with premature infants to grow psychologically after their experience, it may be needed to support them to develop and strengthen their resilience through either education or their own support network.

Citations

• A cross-sectional study on posttraumatic growth and influencing factors among parents of premature infants
  Wang Xingyanan, Lv Yuanhong, Liu Yang, Xiao Zhitian
  BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Research Progress on Influencing Factors and Intervention of Postpartum Post-Traumatic Growth
  铭浚 文
  Nursing Science.2025; 14(10): 1653.     CrossRef
• Differences in perceived parental stress between parents with very low birth weight infants and nurses in neonatal intensive care units, South Korea
  Seol-Hee Moon, Ho-Ran Park, Dong Yeon Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 297.     CrossRef
• Relationship dynamics: the protective effect of relationship satisfaction and dependency on parents’ mental health after having a preterm baby
  İlknur Okay, Çiğdem Yavuz Güler
  Health Psychology Report.2021; 9(4): 372.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the structure of variables in studies related to unmarried mothers (UMs) based on Neuman's systems model, and the stressors and stress responses of UMs.
Methods
Whittemore and Knafl’s methodology for integrative reviews was applied. The literature was searched using five electronic databases (KISS, KMbase, KoreaMed, NDSL, and RISS) and a total of 99 variables were collected from 15 studies published between 2009 and 2019.
Results
The main stressors for UMs were a sense of loss and burden caused by childbirth and childrearing. The main stress responses were parenting stress and depression, respectively. Within the basic structure of variables related to UMs, self-esteem played a crucial role by helping UMs adapt to their situation. Meanwhile, social support of UMs was significantly correlated with parenting stress, depression, and self-esteem.
Conclusion
In order to understand UMs' stress, is necessary to explore their sense of loss, burden, and self-esteem. Furthermore, it is important to assess the level of parenting stress and depression of UMs and to provide effective interventions to alleviate these stressors. The results of this study provide useful knowledge that can be applied to nursing assessment and interventions for stress management in UMs.

Citations

• Change in self-construal: a repertory grid technique study of women admitted to a Mother and Baby Unit
  Eleanor E. Wozniak, Dougal Julian Hare, Lynsey Gregg, Anja Wittkowski
  Frontiers in Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of a natural wellness group program using interactive real-time video for unmarried mothers: A quasi-experimental study
  Kyung-Sook Bang, Sungjae Kim, Sinyoung Choi, Gumhee Lee, Misook Kim, Da-Ae Shin, Jan Christopher Cwik
  PLOS ONE.2023; 18(4): e0284340.     CrossRef
• Effects of emotion coaching group programme for mothers of preschool children with smart device overdependence: a mixed methods study
  Gumhee Lee, Sungjae Kim
  BMC Nursing.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Intervention Studies on the Enhancement of Self-Concept Among Adolescent Mothers: A Systematic Review
  Kyung-Sook Bang, Sungjae Kim, Gumhee Lee, Yeseul Jeong, Da-ae Shin, Misook Kim
  Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health .2022; 60(3): 31.     CrossRef
• Factors Related to Smartphone Overdependence in Mothers of Preschoolers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Gumhee Lee, Eunjin Yang
  Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health .2022; 60(3): 40.     CrossRef
• The experience of unmarried mothers raising their children in residential facilities: a phenomenological qualitative study
  Sungjae Kim, Kyung-Sook Bang, Yeseul Jeong, Gumhee Lee, Da-Ae Shin, Misook Kim
  BMC Women's Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Role of community health nurse in the prevention of elderly dehydration
  Mostafa SHABAN, Huda Hamdy MOHAMMED, Sahar Hassan
  Journal of Integrative Nursing.2022; 4(3): 166.     CrossRef
• The Development of a Health Promotion Program for Unmarried Mothers Living in Residential Facilities Using Urban Forests: An Intervention Mapping Approach Based on the Transtheoretical Model
  Kyung-Sook Bang, Sungjae Kim, Gumhee Lee, Sinyoung Choi, Da-Ae Shin, Misook Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(16): 8684.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate partnerships with nurses, social support and readiness for discharge among mothers of premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and to examine the factors associated with readiness for discharge.
Methods
A survey was conducted among 85 mothers of premature infants hospitalized in a NICU in Seoul, Korea. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, the t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’ correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression using SPSS version 25.0.
Results
The results of the regression analysis showed that partnerships with nurses (β=.32, p=.011) and parenting experience (β=.32, p=.001) were significantly associated with readiness for discharge.
Conclusion
To improve the readiness for discharge among mothers of premature infants, developing strategies to strengthen their partnership with nurses and to provide family-centered care will be needed.

Citations

• Enhancing nurse-parent partnership for NICU nurses by investigating multi-modal learning with a hybrid simulation approach that integrates metaverses and real-world training
  Hee Young Kim, Soon Hyun Myung, In Young Cho
  Nurse Education in Practice.2025; 84: 104294.     CrossRef
• Spousal support, parent–nurse partnership and caregiver burden among parents of children with chronic diseases: A cross‐sectional study
  Jihye Kim, Heemin Chae, Yoonjung Kim
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2024; 33(7): 2649.     CrossRef
• Research trends in nurse–parent partnership: A scoping review of the paediatric field in South Korea
  Seo Jin Park, Ji Yeong Yun, Jina Lee, In Young Cho
  Nursing Open.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association of nurse–mother partnerships with parenting stress and family resilience among South Korean mothers of children with congenital heart disease
  Youna Chang, Jiyoung Lim, Hye Won Yoon
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 79: 16.     CrossRef
• Fostering Partnership Between Pediatric Nurses and Parents of High-Risk Infants: A Mixed Method Approach
  In Young Cho, Won-Oak Oh
  Journal of Child and Family Studies.2023; 32(9): 2681.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Noncontact Visit Program in the NICU for the Prevention of COVID-19
  Hye Young Ahn, Hee Jee Jo, Hyun Jeong Ko
  Healthcare.2023; 11(15): 2152.     CrossRef
• Discharge Readiness Scale for Parents of High-Risk Infants: A Systematic Review
  Ki-Eun Kim, Hyejung Lee, Na-Young Jeon
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2022; 26(4): 205.     CrossRef
• Analysis of the educational needs of nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit for developmental supportive care
  Da-Ae Shin, Kyung-Sook Bang
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2021; 27(3): 261.     CrossRef
• Addressing the Needs of Mothers with Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Secondary Analysis
  Ah Rim Kim
  Asian Nursing Research.2020; 14(5): 327.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to explore Korean mothers’ experiences of the development of parent-adolescent relationships.
Methods
The participants were 18 Korean parents of adolescents. Data were collected through in-depth interviews. The main question was, “Could you tell me about your experiences of developing a relationship with your adolescent child?” The data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory methodology.
Results
The central phenomena of the experiences of parent-adolescent relationships among Korean mothers were “trying to reduce my expectations, but not being able to” and “having no idea where to go”. The major action/interaction strategies were “putting aside my desires and adapting to my child's needs” and “waiting and seeing at a distance”. The consequences included “appreciating myself and my child at the same time”.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that mothers tried to adapt to their children's needs and to keep their children at a distance. Their efforts were influenced by advice from friends and family members. The findings of this study emphasize specific aspects of how Korean mothers experienced the process of developing respectful relationships with their children.

Citations

• Child-rearing experiences of mothers with early adolescents in Korean multicultural families
  Sangmi Lee, Hyun Young Koo
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(2): 190.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study sought to develop the Breastfeeding Adaptation Scale-Short Form(BFAS-SF) for use at 4 weeks postpartum, to test its validity and reliability, and to examine its measurement invariance. The latent mean score of the BFAS-SF across multiple groups was also compared.
Methods
This methodological research study was conducted to develop a short form of the BFAS and to test its psychometric properties and measurement invariance. Data were collected twice for measurement invariance testing. The sample included 431 and 272 breastfeeding mothers at 2 weeks and 4 weeks postpartum, respectively.
Results
Confirmatory factor analysis supported six dimensions of the BFAS-SF at 4 weeks postpartum. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed evidence for invariance of the BFAS-SF according to employment status, parity, delivery mode, and the postpartum period. There were statistically significant latent mean differences. Mothers who were unemployed and who had a vaginal delivery showed significantly higher scores for breastfeeding confidence, sufficient breast milk, and baby’s satisfaction with breastfeeding.
Conclusion
The BFAS-SF is valid, reliable, and an appropriate instrument for assessing mothers’ breastfeeding adaptation. It can be used to compare mean scores according to employment status and delivery mode.

Citations

• Maternal and neonatal outcomes following cesarean delivery on maternal request at different parities in China: A prospective cohort study
  Liping Li, Yiying You, Muhetaer. Mierzhati, Fang Tan, Yu Gu, Yanling Wang
  Midwifery.2025; 149: 104567.     CrossRef
• Risk factors for self‐reported insufficient milk during the first 6 months of life: A systematic review
  Sofia Segura‐Pérez, Linda Richter, Elizabeth C. Rhodes, Amber Hromi‐Fiedler, Mireya Vilar‐Compte, Misikir Adnew, Kate Nyhan, Rafael Pérez‐Escamilla
  Maternal & Child Nutrition.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Measurement Invariance and Latent Mean Differences in the Nurses' Emotional Labour Scale
  Sun-Hee KIM, Eunkyung LEE, Jin-Hwa PARK
  Journal of Nursing Research.2022; 30(6): e239.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Quality of Life in Early Postpartum Women
  Yu-Jeong Jeong, Ju-Hee Nho, Hye Young Kim, Ji Young Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(6): 2988.     CrossRef
• Emzirme Adaptasyon Ölçeği Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
  Yasemin DİNÇEL, Resmiye ÖZDİLEK
  Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimler.2021; 3(3): 190.     CrossRef
• Breastfeeding Adaptation Scale-Short Form for mothers at 2 weeks postpartum: construct validity, reliability, and measurement invariance
  Sun-Hee Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2020; 26(4): 326.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study presents methodological research that aimed to verify the content validity, construct validity, reliability, and criterion-related validity of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI), originally developed by Milner and then translated into Korean by Ahn.
Methods
Data used in this study were collected from 209 mothers of infants, toddlers, and children of preschool age in D metropolitan city. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.
Results
The Korean version of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (K-CAPI) was developed by condensing 44 of the original 77 CAPI items. Four factors of K-CAPI were extracted using principal component analysis. These 4 factors-distress; problems with child, self, family, and others; unhappiness; rigidity-accounted for 54.01% of variance. The Cronbach's ⍺ was .96, the Guttman split-half coefficient was .88, and test-retest reliability was r=.86 (p<.001).
Conclusion
The results of this study established the reliability and validity of the K-CAPI and found it to be an appropriate tool to evaluate mothers’ potential to abuse their children.

Citations

• The effects of child abuse prevention education on parents’ response to positive emotion, parenting stress, and child abuse potential: A randomized controlled pretest posttest design
  Mi Hyun Kim, Bu Kyung Park
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2024; 30(1): 19.     CrossRef
• Is the Brief Version of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory a Valid and Reliable Measure for Childcare Providers?
  Ji Young Lee, Jihyun Sung
  Early Education and Development.2022; 33(2): 350.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to determine the influence of ego-identity, parenting efficacy, and stress coping style on depression in mothers of toddlers.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Data were collected from 164 mothers of toddlers, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS for Windows version 24.0.
Results
The factors influencing depression in mothers of toddlers included ego-identity, economic status, and perceived health status. These variables explained 60.0% of depression in mothers of toddlers.
Conclusion
Lower ego-identity was associated with more intense depression. Therefore, healthcare providers should develop intervention programs that can improve ego-identity to decrease depression among mothers of toddlers.

Citations

• Factors influencing children’s emotional and behavioral problems perceived by North Korean refugee mothers: a descriptive study
  In-Sook Lee, Jeong-Hee Jeon
  Child Health Nursing Research.2024; 30(2): 129.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Changes in Parenting Behavior during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
  Mi-Ra Kim, Sun-Mi Chae
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2022; 26(2): 80.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of diaper dermatitis (DD), knowledge of DD prevention and treatment, and diaper hygiene practices among mothers with diaper-wearing children.
Methods
The participants were 176 mothers who presented to an outpatient clinic at a children’s hospital with diaper-wearing children. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire.
Results
The percent of correct answer for knowledge about DD was 59.7%. Almost half of the participants’ children had experienced at least 1 episode of DD during the last 6 months. Inappropriate diaper hygiene practices, such as using talcum powder on DD and rubbing with a dry towel after cleansing, were reported. Moreover, only 37% of mothers used the recommended skin barrier to prevent DD. Although many children suffer from DD, levels of educational experience and perceived need for education on this topic were low. Almost 70% of mothers obtained DD-related information through internet sites.
Conclusion
Educating parents about the etiology of DD and evidence-based diaper hygiene practices is an important aspect of effective DD prevention and treatment. Internet sites or smartphone apps may be effective methods for education on DD prevention and treatment considering parents’ preferences for ways to obtain health information.

Citations

• Knowledge of mothers on diaper dermatitis management and associated factors in Ethiopia
  Atoma Negera, Midekso Sento, Gemechu Tola
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Coconut oil versus standard of care for the prevention of diaper dermatitis in the neonatal intensive care unit: A randomized clinical trial
  Stacie A. Salsbury, Sunny O. Arikat, Michelle D. Martin, Stacie Haack, Sarah Castro, Molly Frazier, Desyree Weakley, Jon H. Lemke
  Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2024; 30(3): 300.     CrossRef
• Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu di Surabaya tentang Ruam Popok dan Penanganannya
  Sanggar Wachono, Dhavindra Salsabila Prasetyo, Salma Dina Adila, Kevin Kurniawan Wiyogo, Keysha naila andhany, Khansa Nayla Fida, Mayomi Zhafirah Ardani, Syafira Annisa Permatasari, Gaskar Armaichika, Rosita Artauli Silalahi, Gesnita Nugraheni
  Jurnal Farmasi Komunitas.2024; 11(1): 86.     CrossRef
• The development of a nomogram model for the individualized prediction of diaper dermatitis risk in pediatric hospitalized children aged 1–36 months
  Lingling Shao, Youna Yu
  Journal of Tissue Viability.2023; 32(1): 85.     CrossRef
• Effects of argan spinosa oil in the treatment of diaper dermatitis in infants and toddlers: A quasi-experimental study
  Eman S. Alsatari, Nihaya AlSheyab, Juliana L. D'Sa, Huda Gharaibeh, Sami Eid, Esra'a A. Al-Nusour, Audai A. Hayajneh
  Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences.2023; 18(6): 1288.     CrossRef
• Prevalence of diaper need and diaper dermatitis and associated risk factors among children aged 1–24 months in a referral hospital in Ghana: A cross-sectional study
  Abdul-Wahab Inusah, Gbeti Collins, Peter Gyamfi Kwarteng, Peter Dzomeku, Mubarick Nungbaso Asumah, Shamsu-Deen Ziblim
  Open Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to compare the quality of nursing care as perceived by registered nurses and mothers of hospitalized children in South Korea.
Methods
This was a descriptive study that recruited 70 mothers of hospitalized children and 70 nurses in pediatric units in university hospitals as participants. The quality of pediatric nursing care was measured using importance and performance scores for 19 items describing various elements of nursing care. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the independent t-test.
Results
The hospitalized children mothers’mean importance scores were significantly higher than those of the nurses (t=2.94, p=.004). However, there were no significant differences in the mean performance scores of nurses and mothers (t=0.91, p=.363) or between nurses’and mothers’perceptions of quality of nursing care, with the exception of a significant difference for the quality of explanations (t=2.78, p=.006). The quality of explanations was assessed more positively by nurses than by mothers.
Conclusion
This study suggests that when developing strategies to improve the quality of nursing care in pediatric wards, ensuring that pediatric nurses provide detailed explanations should be considered as a way to improve the quality of nursing care in pediatric units.

Citations

• Factors affecting pediatric nurses’ development of partnerships with parents of hospitalized children: An evaluation based on the stress-coping adaptation model
  In Young Cho, So Hyoung Hong, Ji Yeong Yun
  Journal of Child Health Care.2025; 29(1): 53.     CrossRef
• Impact of Pediatric Nurses’ Nursing Professionalism on Quality of Nursing Care: Double Mediating Effect of Clinical Decision Making and Pediatric Nurse-Parent Partnership
  Jung-Eun Lee, Mi-Young Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administratio.2024; 30(1): 55.     CrossRef
• The role of nurse-client relationships in maternal and child healthcare: a qualitative study in rural Tanzania
  Kahabi Isangula, Loveluck Mwasha, Eunice Pallangyo, Eunice Ndirangu-Mugo
  Frontiers in Health Services.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors influencing the quality of nursing care as perceived by mothers of hospitalized children in South Korea
  Ina Jin, Hun Ha Cho
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 266.     CrossRef
• Levels of Partnership between Nurses and Parents of Hospitalized Children and the Quality of Pediatric Nursing Care as Perceived by Nurses
  So Yeon Yoo, Haeryun Cho, Yae Young Kim, Ji Hyeon Park
  Child Health Nursing Research.2020; 26(1): 64.     CrossRef
• Capabilities that experienced nurses expect of new nurses in pediatric wards: A research study using Q methodology
  In Ok Sim
  Nurse Education Today.2020; 92: 104511.     CrossRef
• Exploring the Influences of Nurses’ Partnership with Parents, Attitude to Families’ Importance in Nursing Care, and Professional Self-Efficacy on Quality of Pediatric Nursing Care: A Path Model
  So Yeon Yoo, Haeryun Cho
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2020; 17(15): 5452.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore and develop a deeper understanding of the experiences of mothers of premature children receiving rehabilitation therapy.
Methods
The participants were 12 mothers with premature children who had received rehabilitation therapy for over 1 year. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted from July to August 2017. The data were analyzed through the phenomenological research method.
Results
The participants’ experience was structured into five thematic clusters: ‘Regret and guilt that premature birth led to rehabilitation therapy’, ‘Burden of life in an endless tunnel’, ‘Changes in personal relationships surrounding me and my child’, ‘Meaning of new life through my child’, and ‘Desire to expand the rehabilitation of premature infants’.
Conclusion
The results of this study will be helpful for developing family-centered care programs for premature infants at high risk of developmental disorders.

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an empowerment program on maternal stress, anxiety, depression and parenting confidence.
Methods
A total of 44 mothers of preterm infants were assigned into an experimental or a control group (n=22 each). The experimental group received the usual nursing care and 7 sessions of an empowerment program. The control group only received the usual care. The program was implemented from June to December, 2016 in the neonatal intensive care unit of K university-affiliated hospital in Daegu, Korea. The outcome variables measured were parental stress (PSS: NICU), anxiety (STAI), depression (CES-D) and parenting confidence. Data were analyzed using t-test or repeated measures ANOVA.
Results
Scores for both parental stress (t=3.07 p=.004) and depression (F=3.76, p=.26) were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. However, there were no significant differences in anxiety between the groups (F=0.79, p=.505). Parenting confidence scores (F=9.05, p=.001) were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group.
Conclusion
A maternal empowerment program can be an effective means of reducing parental stress and depression as well as enhancing parenting confidence, for mothers of preterm infants.

Citations

• Confidence, not competence: Reframing roles to embed FICare
  Rachel Louise Collum, Ailie Hodgson, Sue Thompson, Claire Campbell
  Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2024; 30(1): 88.     CrossRef
• Effects of an App-Based Visitation Program for Mothers of High-Risk Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Nameun Yu, Mi Yu
  Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Translation and Validation of Maternal Confidence Questionnaire (MCQ) In Iran: Persian Version
  Mona Alinejad-Naeini, Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani, Farhad Abolhasan Choobdar, Roqayeh Aliyari
  Child Care in Practice.2023; : 1.     CrossRef
• Does antibiotic awareness campaigns exposure decrease intention to demand antibiotic treatment? Testing a structural model among parents in Western Australia
  Aaron Lapuz Alejandro, Wei Wei Cheryl Leo, Mieghan Bruce, Kaymart Gimutao, Saurav Basu
  PLOS ONE.2023; 18(5): e0285396.     CrossRef
• Effects of Systematic Discharge Education Program on Anxiety and Parenting Confidence in Mothers of Premature Infants
  Eunyoung Kim, Aeran Jo, Meenam Hwang, Hyunjin Moon, Daeun Jeong, Myungjin Jang, Choyeon Lim
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2023; 27(2): 71.     CrossRef
• Identifying Latent Topics and Trends in Premature Infant–Related Nursing Studies Using a Latent Dirichlet Allocation Method
  Myeong Seon Lee, Seonah Lee
  CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2023; 41(12): 957.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Noncontact Visit Program in the NICU for the Prevention of COVID-19
  Hye Young Ahn, Hee Jee Jo, Hyun Jeong Ko
  Healthcare.2023; 11(15): 2152.     CrossRef
• The effect of the supportive care program based on Bandura's self-efficacy on stress and participation of the mothers of the neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit
  Shima Heidary, Haydeh Heidari, Roya Choopani, Morteza Sedehi
  Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Delphi study on the Needs for the Development of a Customized Program based on Augmented Reality for Preterm infants and their Families in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Jae Eun Sin, Ah Rim Kim
  Journal of Digital Contents Society.2022; 23(3): 455.     CrossRef
• Development of a mobile application focusing on developmental support care for Korean infants born prematurely: a methodological study
  Ji Hyeon Park, Haeryun Cho
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(2): 112.     CrossRef
• “Always a Preemie”: Maternal Experiences Parenting a Very Preterm Infant into Toddlerhood
  Megan Quist, Megan M. Julian, Meera Meerkov, Megan H. Pesch
  Journal of Neonatology.2022; 36(2): 113.     CrossRef
• Development and Evaluation of the Parenting Support Group Program for Mothers with Infants
  Sun Hwa Park, Kyung Ja June
  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nurs.2021; 32(1): 40.     CrossRef
• Effects of an Infant Care Education Program for Mothers of Late-preterm Infants on Parenting Confidence, Breastfeeding Rates, and Infants' Growth and Readmission Rates
  Eun Hye Jang, Hyeon Ok Ju
  Child Health Nursing Research.2020; 26(1): 11.     CrossRef
• An Integrative Review of Family Interventions based on a Philosophy of Family-Centered Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
  Nary Chung, Yeseul Kim, Eunyoung Park, Lisa Yeo, Jiwon Hwang
  Perspectives in Nursing Science.2019; 16(1): 35.     CrossRef
• A Mother’s Experience of Hospitalization of Her Newborn in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Euna Choi, Youngeun Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(4): 407.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the meaning and essence of experiences of stress in mothers of preschoolers with atopic dermatitis.
Methods
This study employed a qualitative research design. Seven mothers of preschoolers with atopic dermatitis were interviewed and the data were analyzed using Giorgi’s phenomenological method.
Results
Five main themes and 12 theme clusters emerged. The 5 main themes were 1) the mother’s enduring heartache from the conflict that arise among family members, 2) the complete loss of daily happiness, 3) the steady stream of emotional fluctuations, 4) struggling to bear the heavy financial burden, and, 5) a life of hope accompanied by stress.
Conclusion
The results of this study provide an in-depth understanding of stress among mothers of preschoolers with atopic dermatitis. These results can be used in the development of nursing interventions to provide psychological and emotional support for mothers and family members.

Citations

• Impact of Atopic Dermatitis® on Quality of Life of Caregivers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  John Chun Hian Yap, Yik Weng Yew
  Dermatitis®.2024; 35(6): 554.     CrossRef
• “I have to be brave” – parents’ experiences of caring for a child with eczema
  Christine Chua, Judith Chew, Winnie Lim
  Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Developmen.2023; 33(4): 256.     CrossRef
• Views and experiences of managing eczema: systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies*
  E. Teasdale, I. Muller, K. Sivyer, D. Ghio, K. Greenwell, S. Wilczynska, A. Roberts, M.J. Ridd, N. Francis, L. Yardley, K.S. Thomas, M. Santer
  British Journal of Dermatology.2021; 184(4): 627.     CrossRef

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the mothers’ native country on influenza vaccinations in adolescents in multicultural families.
Methods
Data were gathered from the 13th (2017) Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. Logistic regression analyses were conducted using a complex sample data analysis method. The participants in this study had a father who was born in Korea and a mother born outside of Korea. The sample included 481 adolescents.
Results
The analysis of non-adjusted confounding variables showed that influenza vaccination was higher in multicultural adolescents whose mother’s native country had an annual minimum temperature less than 21°C (odds ratio [OR]: 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20~2.74). Furthermore, when the analysis was adjusted for confounding variables, an annual minimum temperature less than 21°C in the mother’s native country had a statistically significant association with influenza vaccination (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.36~3.29).
Conclusion
Multicultural adolescents belong to a socioeconomically vulnerable class, and their health promotion behaviors are influenced by their mothers’ culture. Thus, healthcare providers and school nurses should provide adolescents with appropriate information related to influenza vaccination depending on their mothers’ culture and their family’s cultural background.

Citations

• Study of Visual Acuity and Refractive Errors in Multicultural Schoolchildren in Chungcheongnam-do: Focusing on Students Requiring Financial Assistance
  Se-Jin Kim, Hyojin Kim
  Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society.2025; 30(2): 83.     CrossRef
• The Factors Associated with Influenza Vaccination of Adolescents by School Level: Based on the 13th (2017) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Online Survey
  Da Woon Moon, Jae Kyung Kim, Yeon Tak Chung, Hye Yun Kim, Jin Ah Han, Jin Wook Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Practice.2021; 11(4): 263.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate mothers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infection prevention for their children.
Methods
In this descriptive study, data were collected using a questionnaire. A total 157 mothers of young children were surveyed regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infection prevention.
Results
The mean score of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infection prevention in mothers was found to be above average. There were significant differences in knowledge according to whether the mother was employed (t=2.82, p=.005) and in attitudes according to the mother’s age (t=2.13, p=.035). In addition, a significant correlation was found between knowledge and attitudes (r=.16, p=.014), and between attitudes and practices (r=.50, p<.001).
Conclusion
This research provides baseline information to understand mothers’ approaches to infection prevention for their children, and it may serve as a basis for providing educational programs that help infection prevention.

Citations

• The Effects of the Infant Health Promotion Program for Mothers with Their Firstborn Infants
  Chae-Min Yoon, Mi-Ae You
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(6): 666.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting parent health-promotion behavior in early childhood according to family cohesion: Focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic
  Song I. Park, In Young Cho
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2022; 62: 121.     CrossRef
• A Study on Determinants of COVID-19 Preventive Health Behaviors of Mothers with Young Children in South Korea
  Hye-Gyung An, Chae-Min Yoon
  Healthcare.2022; 10(10): 2111.     CrossRef
• The influence of mothers' health beliefs and attitudes on prevention of infectious diseases on preventive health behaviors of late school-aged children
  Suchang Ham, Hanyi Lee
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2021; 27(3): 287.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study examined the effects of an empathy ability improvement program on empathy ability and parenting efficacy among mothers of elementary school students.
Methods
This was a quasi-experimental study using a pre-test/post-test control group design. The experimental group (n=23) completed an empathy ability improvement program, while 22 mothers were assigned to the control group. Pre-test and post-test analyses were conducted using the empathy ability scale and parenting efficacy scale. The data were analyzed using the x² test and test independent t-test.
Results
The experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in empathy ability (t=2.79, d=4.48, p=.008) and parenting efficacy (t=2.87, d=0.89, p=.006) in comparison to the control group.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that empathy education may be effective for improving empathy ability and parenting efficacy in mothers of school-age children.

Citations

• Effects of a Violence Prevention Education Program Using Empathy (VPEP-E) on Fifth-Grade Students in South Korea
  Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim, SoRa Kang, JungMin Lee
  The Journal of School Nursing.2024; 40(4): 361.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine how child development knowledge, child rearing knowledge, and use of healthcare services after discharge affect maternal confidence among mothers of premature infants.
Methods
Participants in this study were 55 mothers who were involved in internet communities for mothers with premature infants and 30 mothers who visited hospitals for follow up care after having their babies discharged from Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) in South Korea.
Results
Presence of operation history, child development and rearing knowledge, and use of healthcare service explained 12.2% of maternal confidence. Presence of operation history (β=.32, p<.05) and child development knowledge (β=.52, p<.05) were significant predictors for maternal confidence.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that mothers with premature infants need further education especially on motor development, developmental knowledge, and knowledge related to operations for mothers whose child had surgery in the NICU. Also information about services provided from community health services for premature infants need to be advertised and distributed.

Citations

• Development of a mobile application focusing on developmental support care for Korean infants born prematurely: a methodological study
  Ji Hyeon Park, Haeryun Cho
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(2): 112.     CrossRef
• Addressing the Needs of Mothers with Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Secondary Analysis
  Ah Rim Kim
  Asian Nursing Research.2020; 14(5): 327.     CrossRef
• Ecological predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among children from low-income families in South Korea
  Jiyoung Park, Suyon Baek
  Children and Youth Services Review.2017; 81: 238.     CrossRef

Purpose
In this study factors affecting quality of life in mothers who have children with precocious puberty were identified.
Methods
The participants were 102 mothers of children with precocious puberty. From September 12 to September 30, 2016, data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 22.0.
Results
Regression analysis showed that the model’s explanatory power was 45%(F=28.71, p<.001). Role stress (t=-4.83, p<.001), objective burden (t=-2.71, p<.001), and average monthly income (t=4.12, p<.001) were factors affecting quality of life among these mothers. The most influential factor was role stress (β=-.41), which showed a negative correlation.
Conclusion
Role stress and objective burden were major factors that decreased the quality of life in these. The findings indicate that effective strategy programs for reducing role stress and objective burden are necessary to improve the quality of life in mothers of children with precocious puberty.

Citations

• Exploring the Relationship between Parental Stress and Child Behavioral Problems in Precocious Puberty: The Role of Parenting and Coping Strategies
  Young Il Cho, Ahreum Kwon, Hyo Jin Kim, Eun Seo Park, Junghwan Suh, Dong Hee Kim
  Yonsei Medical Journal.2025; 66(7): 421.     CrossRef
• The mediating effects of parenting style on the relationship between parental stress and behavioral problems in girls with precocious puberty in Korea: a cross-sectional study
  Ahreum Kwon, Young Il Cho, Hyo Jin Kim, Junghwan Suh, Dong Hee Kim
  BMC Pediatrics.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Puberte Prekoksun Psikososyal Etkileri
  Mukaddes Turan Miral, Nevin Hotun Şahin
  Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease.2022; 16(2): 168.     CrossRef
• Psychosocial adaptation to precocious puberty: A nursing support program
  Mukaddes Turan Miral, Nevin Hotun Sahin
  Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursin.2022; 35(3): 285.     CrossRef
• Perceptions and Treatment of Precocious Puberty: A Questionnaire Survey among Caregivers in South Korea
  Soo Bo Shim, Ji Hyun Song, Hye Lim Lee, Chou-Chin Lan
  Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medic.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
• Mothers' Experiences of Caring for Children with Precocious Puberty: A Q-Methodological Approach
  Hye Jin Lee, Mi-Ae You
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(2): 255.     CrossRef
• Effect of a Social Support Program for Mothers of Children with Precocious Puberty: A Preliminary Quasi-Experimental Study
  Jaeyoung Lee, Min Jung Kwak, Hyeon Ok Ju
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2019; 46: e2.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to set up a hypothetical model to explain causal relationships among influential variables in the mother-child relationship for Korean infants and toddlers and their mothers. The research was based on Barnard’s (1978) mother-child relations model, and goodness-of-fit was examined.
Methods
The participants were 207 mothers with infants or toddlers. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS programs.
Results
Regarding the influence of the variables on the mother-child relationship between infants and toddlers and their mothers, social support had a 75% explanation of mother-child relationships, and attachment had a 58% explanation of social support. Attachment had both direct and indirect effects on the mother-child relationships, and social support had direct and total effects on the mother-child relationships. Among child-related variables, child temperament had a moderating effect on the mother-child relationships.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that the model has utility in developing effective nursing intervention methods to boost mother-child relationships between infants and toddlers and their mothers.

Citations

• Structural Equation Modeling of the Interaction between Mothers and Preschool-Age Children
  Hyun-Yi Chai, Mi-Young Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(5): 630.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was done to identify the level and correlation of knowledge and practice of fever management at home and provide data for the development of an intervention program to improve the fever management ability of mothers of preschool age children.
Methods
Participants were 112 mothers with children between 1 and 6 years of age and attending one of three daycare centers located in J city. The participants had a history of using medication and tepid massage. Data were collected during April, 2016.
Results
The mean scores were 27.55 (correct answer rate 70.64%) of 39 for knowledge, and 75.93 of 92 for fever management practice. There were significant differences in scores for knowledge according to the number of children and number of visits to doctors for treatment of a fever. There were no differences in scores for practice. There was a positive correlation between knowledge and practice.
Conclusion
Results indicate that mothers’ knowledge and practice of childhood fever management were insufficient to provide accurate management of childhood fevers. Therefore, to improve the mothers’ ability to provide appropriate fever management, educational strategies that focus on increasing knowledge need to be developed.

Citations

• Survey of knowledge, practice, and associated factors toward home management of childhood fever among parents visiting Gondar health facilities in 2022
  Nega Tezera Assimamaw, Almaz Tefera Gonete, Bewuketu Terefe
  Frontiers in Pediatrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Assessment of Egyptian Mothers’ Knowledge and Domestic Management Practices of Fever in Preschool Children in Zagazig City, Sharkia Governorate
  Eman H. Waly, Huny M. Bakry
  Children.2022; 9(3): 349.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to develop and test effects of a child health management program based on cooperative learning for mothers of preschool children.
Methods
For this quasi-experimental study, a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Outcome measures were level of child health management self-efficacy, child health management practices, child’s health behavior. Participants were 55 mothers (experimental group 28, control group 27). The program was composed of 6 categories of home health management for preschool children, and provided for three 120-minute sessions. Data were collected from September to October, 2015, at 3 times: baseline, 3 and 6 weeks after beginning the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 program.
Results
After 3 and 6 weeks, there were significant differences between the two groups in child health management self-efficacy (F=18.33, p<.001), child health management practices (F=8.91, p<.001), and child’s health behavior (F=9.91, p<.001).
Conclusion
Study findings indicate that this child health management program based on cooperative learning is effective and can be recommended as an intervention for mothers of preschool children. It will contribute to enhanced child health management self-efficacy and health management practices and improved child’s health behavior.

Citations

• The Effects of the Infant Health Promotion Program for Mothers with Their Firstborn Infants
  Chae-Min Yoon, Mi-Ae You
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(6): 666.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting parent health-promotion behavior in early childhood according to family cohesion: Focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic
  Song I. Park, In Young Cho
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2022; 62: 121.     CrossRef
• An educational design and development project for pediatric heart transplant recipients and their families
  Go-Eun Kim, Eun Kyoung Choi, HyeJung Lee, Yu-Mi Im
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2022; 66: e152.     CrossRef
• Mediating and Moderating Effects of Family Cohesion between Positive Psychological Capital and Health Behavior among Early Childhood Parents in Dual Working Families: A Focus on the COVID-19 Pandemic
  In Young Cho, Sun-Hee Moon, Ji Yeong Yun
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(9): 4781.     CrossRef
• Development and Effects of a Hand-washing Program using Role-playing for Preschool Children
  Hyun Sook Lim, In Soo Kwon
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(2): 123.     CrossRef
• Effect of Visiting and a Smartphone Application Based Infection Prevention Education Program for Child Care Teachers: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial
  Yun Jeong Yang, In Soo Kwon
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(6): 744.     CrossRef

Purpose
Fatigue in mothers of hospitalized children is an important component for her child’s health. This study was done to identify factors influencing fatigue in mothers of hospitalized children.
Methods
A descriptive correlation study design was used. Participants were 157 mothers of hospitalized children in a university hospital located in one city. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression.
Results
Mean score for fatigue in mothers of hospitalized children was 2.11±0.53. There were significant differences in scores for fatigue in these mothers according to education, sleep satisfaction, and family support. Multiple regression analysis showed that the important factors related to fatigue in mothers of hospitalized children were parenting stress (β =.44), hours of sleep (β =-.25), and age (β =-.21). These factors explained 38% of the total variance.
Conclusion
Research results suggest that nursing interventions for mothers of hospitalized children are needed in order to improve the comfort and health of the mothers and facilitate the recovery of their child.

Citations

• Effects of Anxiety, Parenting Efficacy, and Partnership With Nurses on the Caring Behaviors of Mothers of Hospitalized Children
  Yu Jin Hong, Hyeon Ok Kim
  Journal of Korean Maternal and Child Health.2024; 28(3): 111.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to identify and describe the caregiving difficulties that mothers of children with spina bifida experience from their own perspectives.
Methods
A qualitative descriptive study was designed. Data were collected from five mini-focus group interviews and four individual interviews using open-ended questions. Nineteen mothers of children with mild spina bifida participated in the study during 2014-2015. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify major difficulties perceived by the mothers.
Results
Five domains were identified with 12 subdomains. “Daily routine continence management” describes difficulties arising in bladder and bowel management for the child with spina bifida. “Management of school life of child” deals with difficulties in relation to the school facilities, such as the toilets, as well as teachers and friends. “Relationship with family and neighbors” illustrates problems in relations with their spouse, normal children, relatives and neighbors. “Maintaining physical and psychological health” includes physical and psychological problems of the mothers. “Finance” describes economic burden that the mothers face in the management of child’s illness.
Conclusion
The findings from this study provide insight into the practical issues related to the management of chronic conditions of children with spina bifida from the mothers’ perspectives.

Citations

• Factors associated with transition readiness among adolescents and young adults with spina bifida in South Korea
  Eun Kyoung Choi, Yoonhye Ji, Eunyoung Jung, Eunjeong Bae
  Journal of Child Health Care.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Illness Experiences of Adults with Spina Bifida: Protecting the Whole Self
  Seoung-Wha Lim, Myungsun Yi
  Asian Nursing Research.2021; 15(1): 67.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to monitor the development of Korean premature infant at six-month age and to explore factors related to developmental status of the premature infants.
Methods
Participants were 58 premature infants whose corrected age was six-months old and their mothers. The developmental states of infants were followed-up with the Korean Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire (KPDQ-II). Clinical characteristics of the infants were identified from the medical records. Other characteristics including Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, husband’s support, social support, and mother-infant attachment were assessed using self-report questionnaires from the mothers.
Results
Forty three percent of the infants were in the group of questionable status of development on the KPDQ-II. There were significant differences between the premature infants with normal developmental status and those with questionable developmental status depending on gender (χ² = 5.03, p = .034), gestational age (t = 2.59, p = .012), hospital stay (p = .013), revised Neurobiologic Risk Score (p = .005) and mother-infant attachment score (t = 2.12, p = .040).
Conclusion
Mother-infant attachment, as well as physiological state of premature infants, is an important variable in early development. Therefore, early monitoring for the development has to be done for physiologically vulnerable premature groups. Also, providing proper nursing support to improve maternal attachment needs to be considered.

Citations

• Developmental Characteristics of High‐Risk Infants According to the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition
  Ju‐Young Park, Nam‐Hae Jung
  Child: Care, Health and Development.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Pilot Study to Develop the Korean Screening Index of Early Development-Parent Form
  Hyo-Jeong Jeon, Eun-Kyoung Goh, Min-Jung Kim, Eun-Seol Kim
  Korean Journal of Child Studies.2025; 46(2): 37.     CrossRef
• Perception and Educational Needs of Developmentally Supportive Care At-Home for Parents of Pre-Term Newborns
  Jeong Soon Kim, Hae Ran Kim
  Healthcare.2023; 11(12): 1700.     CrossRef
• The Effects of a Continuous Olfactory Stimulation Using Breast Milk (COSB) on Behavioral State and Physiological Responses in Korean Premature Infants
  Young Ah Park, Yeo Jin Im
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2020; 53: e114.     CrossRef
• Factors Related to the Development of Premature Infants at 12 and 24 Months Age: A Prospective Study
  Kyung-Sook Bang, Hyun-Ju Kang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 58.     CrossRef
• Characteristics of Temperament of Preterm Toddlers and Their Relation to Early Language and Communication Development
  YoonKyoung Lee, Jiyoung Lee
  Communication Sciences & Disorders.2017; 22(3): 458.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels and correlations of epilepsy specific knowledge, attitude and anxiety in mothers of children with epilepsy.
Methods
Participants were 176 mothers of children with epilepsy living in B and Y cities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients with the SPSS 21.0 program.
Results
Participants scored 57.2 (±1.7) out of 100 points on epilepsy-related knowledge; 35.6 (±5.0) out of 48 points on attitude toward epilepsy; 58.1 (±15.3) out of 85 on anxiety related to a child’s epileptic condition. The participants had higher levels of epilepsy-related knowledge if their family monthly income was three million KRW or higher (t = -2.92, p = .004); if there was no side effect from the medication (t = -2.91, p = .004); and if the mothers’ perception of the child’s health was good (F = 6.181, p = .001). There was a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude related to epilepsy (r = .321, p < .001), and a negative correlation between knowledge and anxiety (r = -.257, p = .001).
Conclusion
Findings indicate that interventions which reduce mothers’ anxiety by providing epilepsy specific knowledge and help to achieve more positive attitudes to better ways of coping with child’s disease.

Citations

• Investigating family resilience factors for enhancing family adaptation in children with epilepsy
  Hyejun Kim, Anna Lee, Mina Park, Eun Kyoung Choi
  Epilepsy & Behavior.2024; 156: 109817.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to explore the meaning of joys and sorrows in mothers of children with Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS).
METHODS
The participants were 9 mothers who each had a child with MPS. Data were gathered using in-depth interviews. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi method.
RESULTS
The significant results from analyzing the interviews can be grouped into 12 concept descriptions, and 5 theme clusters. The essential theme clusters for the experience of the mothers were 'hopelessness about this rare disease', 'guilt because of the disease being hereditary', 'endless courses of treatment', 'wounds in the relationship', and 'relative composure of mind'.
CONCLUSION
The finding of this study offer profound information on joys and sorrows experienced by mothers of children with MPS and provide basic data for developing nursing intervention strategies for the mothers of children with rare diseases.

Citations

• Experiences of Parenting Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy
  Hyo Jin Kim, Sun-Mi Chae
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2022; 26(3): 194.     CrossRef
• Life Experiences of Mothers in Parenting Children with Hunter's Syndrome
  Sung Ye Kang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(5): 609.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The study was conducted to explore the parenting experience of mothers who have defected from North Korean.
METHODS
Nineteen mothers who defected from North Korean were recruited in Hanawon and data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Grounded theory methodology developed by Strauss and Corbin (1998) was adapted for theoretical sampling and analysis. Interviews were recorded with consent and transcribed verbatim.
RESULTS
The core category was discovered to be 'pursuing positive parenting'. Phenomenon was identified as 'acting out of frustration' and this series of processes was categorized as having four stages: 'harsh reality', 'moving forward', 'seeking transition' and 'internalization'.
CONCLUSION
The results indicate that their parenting experiences were in a transition process and, thus, it is critical to develop positive parenting intervention programs as a way to promote the empowerment of these mothers in parenting to help them support themselves and their children.

Citations

• A Qualitative Study on the Parenting Experiences of North Korean Refugee Mothers with Early Childhood Children
  Tae Woo Kim, Youn-Sun Won, Da Eun Cho, Eunjung Lee, Woon Kyung Lee
  Korean Journal of Child Studies.2025; 46(3): 131.     CrossRef
• A Qualitative Case Study on Influencing Factors of Parents’ Child Abuse of North Korean Refugees in South Korea
  Wonjung Ryu, Hyerin Yang
  Healthcare.2021; 9(1): 49.     CrossRef
• The Early Childhood Caring Experience of North Korean Refugee Mothers.
  Yae Young Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2013; 19(2): 102.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to explore relationships of postpartum depression with socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of preterm infants and mothers.
METHODS
Participants were the mothers of 80 premature infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units. Postpartum depression was measured using the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Clinical characteristics were examined through the medical records. The physiological state for the infants was evaluated using the revised Neurobiologic Risk Score (NBRS). Data were analyzed using the t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients.
RESULTS
Average for EPDS was 9.75+/-5.06, and 30% of the participants were at high risk for postpartum depression. There were significant differences in postpartum depression according to mother's education level (F=3.493, p=.035), economic state (F=5.828, p=.004), multiple pregnancy (t=2.141, p=.037), chorioamnionitis (t=2.349, p=.021), oligohydramnios (t=-2.226, p=.029), broncho-pulmonary dysplasia (t=2.085, p=.040), germinal matrix hemorrhage (t=2.259, p=.027), and revised NBRS (t=-2.772, p=.007). There was a significant positive correlation between postpartum depression and number of health problem of infants (r=.252, p=.024) and revised NBRS (r=.316, p=.004).
CONCLUSION
As 30% of the mothers with preterm infants were at high risk for postpartum depression, they require attention. When providing interventions, socioeconomic status as well as the physiological state of premature infants should be considered.

Citations

• Algılanan Anne Ebeveynlik Öz Yeterlik Ölçeğinin Türk Toplumuna Uyarlanması
  Çağla Verici Kılıç, Oya Kavlak
  Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüs.2024; 11(1): 57.     CrossRef
• The Effectiveness of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on attachment of mothers with premature infants
  Shahrokh Mehrpisheh, Zahra Doorandish, Roya Farhadi, Mozhgan Ahmadi, Mannaneh Moafi, Forouzan Elyasi
  European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Re.2022; 15: 100149.     CrossRef
• The physical and emotional health of South Korean mothers of preterm infants in the early postpartum period: a descriptive correlational study
  Jiyun Park, Kyung-Sook Bang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(2): 103.     CrossRef
• Experiences of Mothers of Premature Infants Receiving Rehabilitation Therapy
  Hyun-Ju Kang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(3): 298.     CrossRef
• Predictors of Quality of Life in Mothers of Premature Infant
  Hyosin Choi, Yeonghee Shin
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2017; 23(3): 191.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Kangaroo Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on the Physiological Functions of Preterm Infants, Maternal–Infant Attachment, and Maternal Stress
  Eun-Sook Cho, Shin-Jeong Kim, Myung Soon Kwon, Haeryun Cho, Eun Hye Kim, Eun Mi Jun, Sunhee Lee
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2016; 31(4): 430.     CrossRef
• Prospective Study on Factors Related to Development in Premature Infants at Six-Months
  Kyung-Sook Bang, Hyun-Ju Kang, Buhyun Lee, Mi-Kyung Kwon
  Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(3): 199.     CrossRef
• Effects of Self Efficacy, Body Image and Family Support on Postpartum Depression in Early Postpartum Mothers
  Ji-Won Lee, Yong-Sook Eo, Eun-Hye Moon
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperati.2015; 16(6): 4011.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the parenting of mothers with infants and preschoolers in an effort to determine types of parenting.
METHODS
The 32 participating mothers were interviewed and from the content of the interviews, their parenting was analyzed. Statements were categorized and analyzed according to the selected procedure.
RESULTS
The parenting of mothers was classified into positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement, including 55 significant statements and 14 categories. Positive reinforcement was categorized as frequent skin contact, giving pleasure, spending a lot of time with children, improving children's self-esteem, being sensitive to children's needs, realistic discipline, developing independence, listening to children, and understanding and respecting children's feelings. Negative reinforcement was categorized as overprotection, inconsistent attitude, negligence, negative educational behavior, and emphasis on obedience.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that systematic education should be provided for mothers to increase their ability to provide good parenting. It is expected that the findings of this study would be useful in the development of efficient educational programs.

Citations

• Parenting Profiles and Children's Social Skills: The Mediating Role of Effortful Control
  Ja Yeun Koo, Kyung Ja Park
  Korean Journal of Child Studies.2018; 39(1): 89.     CrossRef
• A Study on the Perception of the Parental Role among College Students
  Hyun Jung Doo, Yun Jeong Lee
  Journal of East-West Nursing Research.2016; 22(1): 68.     CrossRef
• Development of a Measurement Instrument for Parenting Behavior of Primary Caregivers in Early Childhood
  Sun-Jung Park, Kyung-Ah Kang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(5): 650.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to explore maternal physical activity support for preschool children.
METHODS
Survey methodology using a self-administered questionnaire was employed. Mothers with preschool children from a daycare center in Daejeon participated in the study. One hundred and fifty-six questionnaires were analyzed.
RESULTS
Mothers with preschool children showed a moderate level of physical activity support for their children. Significant factors affecting physical activity support of mothers were monthly household income (beta=.417, p=.002), maternal self-efficacy for physical activity support (beta=.231, p=.003), information for physical activity support (beta=.173, p=.022), and experience of education about physical activity support (beta=.237, p=.002). These variables explained 26.4% of the variance in physical activity support (F=7.628, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
To improve maternal support for increasing physical activity of preschool children, maternal education and appropriate information should be provided to improve self-efficacy for physical activity support.

Citations

• A 24-Hour Movement Behavior for Young Children in South Korea
  Yoonkyung Song, Justin Y. Jeon
  Exercise Science.2023; 32(2): 175.     CrossRef
• Effects of Program to Promote Obesity Prevention Behaviors on Pre-Schoolers: Focused on Kindergartener in Korea
  Inju Hwang, Kyung-Sook Bang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(2): 188.     CrossRef
• Maternal Weight Control Behaviors for Preschoolers Related to Children’s Gender
  Sun-Mi Chae, Jin Suk Ra
  Journal of Child and Family Studies.2018; 27(2): 547.     CrossRef
• Factors Affecting Obesity and Overweight in Korean Preschool Children: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014
  Inju Hwang, Kyung-Sook Bang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(4): 237.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purposes of this study were to develop a postpartum nursing intervention program for immigrant women and evaluate the effects on postpartum depression, child rearing confidence, home environment, and infant temperament.
METHODS
This research was a non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. Participants were pregnant immigrant women from China, Vietnam, and the Philippines residing in Kyunggi province and Seoul. Twenty women were assigned to the intervention group, and 19 women to the control group. For the intervention group, the women were visited at home and provided emotional support and parenting education for three months. To analyze the intervention effects, repeated measure ANOVA and t-test were used.
RESULTS
Child rearing confidence was higher in the experimental group than the control group at interaction effect of time and group, six weeks and three months postpartum. However, there were no significant effects for maternal depression, infant temperament, and husband support. Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) score in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at three month postpartum.
CONCLUSION
Results indicate that the nursing intervention program had positive effects and can be used to further the health status of immigrant mothers and children.

Citations

• Breastfeeding interventions for preventing postpartum depression
  Mikaela Lenells, Eleonora Uphoff, David Marshall, Emilija Wilson, Anna Gustafsson, Michael B Wells, Ewa Andersson, Cindy-Lee Dennis
  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Public health, policy, and clinical interventions to improve perinatal care for migrant women and infants in high-income countries: a systematic review
  Kerrie Stevenson, Samuel Edwards, Kemi Ogunlana, Maha Alomari, Rukayat Agoropopoola, William Henderson, Nuria Sanchez Clemente, Hannah Rayment-Jones, Majel McGranahan, Maria Marti Castaner, Serena Luchenski, Gracia Fellmeth, Fiona Stevenson, Marian Knight
  eClinicalMedicine.2024; 78: 102938.     CrossRef
• Development and Evaluation of the Parenting Support Group Program for Mothers with Infants
  Sun Hwa Park, Kyung Ja June
  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nurs.2021; 32(1): 40.     CrossRef
• Analysis of Research Trends on Postpartum-women Healthcare : A Scoping Review
  Do-Eun Lee, Han-Song Park, Joon-Soo Jin, Beak-Ki Min, In-Ae Youn, Hyo-Weon Suh, Joo-Hee Seo
  Journal of Korean Medicine.2020; 41(3): 32.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Maternal Role Adjustment Program on First-time Mothers
  Su Jeong Kim, Ji Min Seo
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2018; 24(3): 322.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Psychosocial and Educational Prenatal and Postnatal Care Interventions for Married Immigrant Women in Korea: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
  Sun Kyung Kim, Seyeon Park, Sukhee Ahn
  Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2017; 29(5): 351.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Customized Birth Control Program for Married Immigrant Postpartum Mothers
  So Young Kim, So Young Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(6): 780.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to develop a theory on the early childhood caring experience of North Korean refugee mothers and how such caring affects how they deal with the socio-psychological problems they face as North Korean refugees.
METHODS
Data were gathered by in-depth interviews, participant observation, and medical records, and were analyzed using the Grounded Theory methods of Strauss and Corbin (1998).
RESULTS
From open coding 62 concepts, 23 subcategories and 11 categories were derived, and the North Korean refugee mothers' caring experience was revealed to be 'hopeful upbringing'. A central theme common to the participants was 'coexistence of expectations and worries'.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study provide theoretical grounds to understand North Korean refugee mothers' child care experiences and offer personalized nursing and a deeper understanding of their needs by looking at their experience. Findings may also be useful to help nurses who care for North Korean refugee mother-child dyads in the community and in clinical settings to gain insight on this special needs group, and facilitate the development of interventions based on better understanding of the mothers' experiences.

Citations

• 가족관계에서 탈북청년들의 신념변화에 관한 질적 연구: 부모-자녀관계에서 ‘좋은 부모’에 관한 인식을 중심으로*
  주람 전, 일현 배, 지홍 배, 윤정 신
  Journal of Family Relations.2024; 28(4): 93.     CrossRef
• Comparing the nutritional status of children and adolescents from North Korean defector families and South Korean families
  So-Yeong Kim, Seong-Woo Choi, Jong Park, So-Yeon Ryu, Mi-Ah Han, Sun-Young Park
  BMJ Open.2021; 11(10): e052059.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify relations among the parenting stress, maternal sensitivity to infant cues, parenting environment of first-time mothers.
METHOD
The participants were 194 first-time mothers of babies aged 1-6 months who visited well-baby clinics in 5 hospitals. The data were collected from April 15 to June 15, 2003.
RESULTS
The parenting stress level was moderate with a mean score of 2.4(range 1-5). The parent domain and parent-child relationship domain of the parenting stress scale were significantly correlated with maternal sensitivity to infant feeding cues (r=-.178, p<.05; r=-.197, p<.01). Parenting stress was significantly correlated with childrearing environment(r=-2.19, p<.01). Parenting stress and childrearing environment were significantly different according to the educational level of the mothers and their prenatal care.
CONCLUSIONS
Nursing interventions to reduce parenting stress in first-time mothers are needed to improve maternal sensitivity to infant cues and childrearing environment which foster infant development.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the development of education programs for unmarried mothers.
METHOD
From a group of unmarried mothers using social welfare facilities, 201 participated in this study. The study was done from October 2003 to April 2004 and self-efficacy, self-esteem, sexual knowledge, sexual attitude were measured.
RESULTS
1. On the basis of 100 points, self-efficacy averaged 62.76, self-esteem, 60.96, sexual knowledge, 58.75 and sexual attitude, 71.52. 2. According to the general characteristics of the women, there were significant differences in self-efficacy according to age (F=4.237, p=.006), schooling (F=5.071, p=.007), job prior to pregnancy (F=4.341, p=.002), and family income (F=6.183, p=.002). There was a significant difference in self-esteem according to family income (F=4.243, p=.016). There were significant differences in sexual knowledge according to age (F=3.950, p=.009), schooling (F=14.869, p=.000), family income (F=9.304, p=.001), number of pregnancies (t=-2.532, p=.012), and experience of abortion (t=2.775, p=.006), and, in sexual attitude according to schooling (F=7.356, p=.001) and family income (F=7.647, p=.001). 3. There were significant relationships between self-efficacy and self-esteem (r=.598, p=.000), and between sexual knowledge and sexual attitude (r=.569, p=.000).
CONCLUSION
Pregnancy prevention programs should include sexual education and interventions designed to increase self-efficacy and self-esteem.

The purpose of this study was to explore the various aspects of the fatigue in the mothers of infants and toddlers in descriptive study. Three hundred eighty mothers who visited the public primary health care center in subrural area were enrolled from October, 2001 to June, 2002. Data were collected using a questionnaire titled "Symptom Table on Fatigue Perception" designed by the Fatigue Research Committee of Japan, consisted of a total 30 items categorized into three subdimensions: the physical, the psychological and the neuro-sensory. SPSS was used for the analysis of data with 0.05 of significance. The results were as follows: 1. The mean average fatigue score of subjects was 1.81(SD:.41): the physical fatigue revealed the highest value with a mean of 1.92(SD:.50), followed by psychological fatigue with a mean score of 1.79(SD:.48), neuro-sensory fatigue with a mean of 1.72(SD:.44). 2. With the respect to the general characteristics of subjects, there were statistically significant differences in the mothers' fatigue perception by with or without a job or not(t=2.213, p=.028), the number of children(t=-2.157, p=.032), the degree of spouse support in domestic households(F=3.315, p=.045), the degree of spouse support in the care of children(F=12.616, p=.000), and the amount of sleeping time(t=.130, p=.000). These results suggest that health care professional need to be aware of the persistent presence of the maternal fatigue related to the child rearing and the factors worsen the degree of the fatigue.

The purpose of this study is to compare the educational needs and perception of mothers of normal neonates and high risk infants. This research was designed as a descriptive study. Data were collected for two months from April 2002 to March 2002. Subjects were 41 mothers of high risk infants and 60 mothers of normal neonates in one general hospital in Seoul participated in the study. Measurement tools used in this study were the educational needs scale developed by Cho Kyoul Ja et al and the neonatal perceptive inventories scale developed by Broussard. They ask mothers to rate each item on a four point Likert type scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 8.0 program. The variables were listed as frequency, mean, standard deviation, X2 test, t-test, ANOVA. The results were as follows: The educational needs of the mothers of primi pregnancy was higher than the mothers of multi pregnancy. The educational needs on management of diseases such as prevention of infection, symptoms of disease, mental development, attachment promotion, congenital metabolism test, management of convulsion, care of vomiting and fever were higher than general care of infants such as immunization, measurement of temperature, hiccough care, follow up care. The informations must be included in nursing intervention program to reduce the mothers' stress level. In conclusion, in order to promote positive mother infant relationship, nurse need to give information and educate the mothers of high risk infant and normal neonate.

A phenomenological study is conducted to investigate the experience of mothers with very low birth weight. Sample of 8 mothers participate. Seven theme clusters emerge when the formulated meanings were organized into categories. The participants are 8 mothers who gave birth in the general hospital located in Kyunggi-Province and still live there. The data are collected from the intensive interviews on the experience of mothers whose baby is very low birth weight infant. Data collection is through in depth personal interviews two or three times with each mother. On the basis of the meanings of the experience of mothers with very low birth weight infant, the seven essential themes have been obtained Theme 1: Being surprised and perplexed due to the unexpected sudden delivery Theme 2:Experiencing emotional pain such as anxiety, sorrow, fear, confusion and self-blaming caused by a small and feeble baby. Theme 3: Pouring all their time and efforts into the baby under the acute tension Theme 4:Undergoing intolerable difficulties in confronting reality Theme 5:Raising the special infant into an normal one by themselves Theme 6: Being on the vigilance for their baby even though they can be relieved Theme 7:Finding out a reward for the difficulties they have experienced The results obtained in this study will enable us to comprehensively understand the experience by mothers whose baby is very low birth weight infant and furthermore to provide a new insight which helps baby.

The purpose of the study was to develop and test the model for the quality of life in mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome. A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of previous studies and a review of literature. The conceptual framework was built around ten constructs. Exogenous variables included in this model were mother's health, father's health, marital intimacy, mother's attitude on children, economic state, side effect of steroid, severity of illness and social support. Endogenous variables were mother's burden and quality of life. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model were collected by using a self-report questionnaire from 152 mothers of children with nephrotic syndrom at the outpatient clinics and in the hospital. The data was collected from May, 1999 to August, 1999. Reliability of the seven instruments was tested with Cronbach's alpha which ranged from 0.71 - 0.92. For the data analysis, SPSS 8.0 WIN program and LISREL 8.20 WIN program were used for descriptive statistics and covariance structural analysis. The results of covariance structural analysis were as follow : 1.The hypothetical model showed a good fit with the empirical data.[x2 = .56, df = 3, p = .90(p > .05 ), GFI = .99, AGFI = .99, RMSR = .005.] 2. For the parsimony of model, a modified model was constructed by deleting 1 variable and excluding 2 paths according to the criteria of statistical significance and meaning. 3.The modified model also showed a good fit with the data[x2 = 2.83, df = 7, p = .90( p > .05 ), GFI = 1.00, AGFI = .97, RMSR = .011]. The result of the testing of the hypothesis were as follows : 1.Mother's health( gamma 21 = .26, t = 4.16), father's health( gamma 22 = .19, t = 2.92), marital intimacy( gamma 23 = .26, t = 4.13) and social support( gamma 28 = .12, t = 2.03) had a significant direct effect on the quality of life. 2. Mother's burden( beta 21 = -.20, t = -3.10) had a significant negative direct effect on the quality of life. 3. Mother's attitude on children( gamma 14 = -.34, t = .-4.57), mother's health( gamma 11 = -.22, t = -2.96) and side effect of steroid ( gamma 16 = -.23, t = .-2.69) had a significant direct negative effect on the burden. The result of this study showed that mother's health, marital intimacy, mother's burden, father's health, and social support had a significant direct effect on the quality of life. Mother's attitude on children, mother's health, and side effect of steroid had a significant direct effect on mother's burden. These six variables, mother's health, marital intimacy, father's health, social support, mother's attitude on children and side effect of steroid were identified as relatively important variables. The results of this study suggest, it needed to determine the nursing intervention will alleviate mother's burden and promote a greater quality of life in mothers of children with nephrotic syndrom.

This study was designed to compare the educational needs and satisfactory about infant care of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center for development of the educational program. The subjects for this study were 100 mothers in the Post-partum Care Center in Seoul and Buchon. The data were collected during the period from Feb. to March, 2000. The Educational Need and satisfactory for Infant Care was measured by questionnaire that has developed by researchers. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, paired t-test using SPSS PC+ WIN.The results were as fellow; 1) The educational needs of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center were high (mean=4.32). 2)The satisfactory of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center of educational program of infant care were middle range (mean=3.60). 3) The educational needs of infant cares in the Post-partum Care Center were higher than satisfactory of the mothers in the Post- partum Care Center of educational program of infant care(t=7.71 p=.000). 4) The educational need by content was signs, symptoms and management of disorders(i.g. cyanosis, seizure, fever, etc.) were higher than general care of baby(i.g. feeding, diaper change etc.). In conclusion, when the infant caregiver in the Post-partum Care Center teaching the method of infant care to mother, there should be in consideration of educational need of mother. And its educational contents must be included of mental and emotional development and signs, symptoms and management of disorders.

The purpose of this study were to identify the quality of life for the mothers of hospitalized chronic pediatric patients, and to explore the factors affecting the QOL of those mothers. The subjects were 201 mothers whose children had hospitalized at one University hospital with chronic diseases. Data were collected from the December, 1997 to December, 1998. We used a revised QOL instrument consisting of 34 items, 5 point likert scale based on the Noh's QOL instrument. The revised QOL consists of six subscales, those are physical status and function, self esteem, emotional status, economic status, relationship with family members, and relationship with neighborhood. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation using SPSS-PC. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of quality of life for the mothers of chronic pediatric patients was 100.31, and item mean was 2.95. In subscale analysis, item mean of economic status was the lowest, and that of relationship with family members was the highest. 2.Correlations between characteristics of chronic pediatric patients, their mothers and QOL of mothers were as follows; 1) Total QOL of mothers had a significant positive relationship with progressing time relapse after diagnosing and age of mothers. There was a significant negative relationship between the total QOL of mothers and number of hospitalization of their children. 2) QOL on self esteem and economic status had a significant relationship with age of pediatric patients, the time relapse after diagnosis, and age of mothers. Total number of family members and QOL on economic status showed a significant positive relationship. QOL on emotional status, economic status, and relationship with family members of mothers showed negative correlations with the number of hospitalization of their children. 3. Followings were the result of difference in QOL among different demographic characteristics of the subjects. 1) QOL on economic status of mothers was significantly higher when fathers of pediatric patients had jobs. 2)Total QOL score, QOL on emotional status, and QOL on relationship with neighborhood were significantly higher when mothers of pediatric patients had spouses. 3)QOL on self esteem of mothers was significantly higher when mothers had religion. 4. Followings were the result of difference in QOL among different diagnosis of the children. 1)Total QOL score of mothers whose children had congenital heart disease was higher than that of mothers whose children had leukemia and cancer. 2)QOL on emotional status, economic status, and relationship with family members of mothers whose children had congenital heart disease were higher than those of mothers whose children had leukemia, cancer, and epilepsy.

The purposes of this study were to measure the degree of perceived uncertainty, social support & powerlessness, to examine the relationship between the perceived uncertainty, social support & powerlessness and then to find the predictors of powerlessness in mother's of handicapped children. The subjects of this study consist of 102 mothers of handicapped children, registered at rehabilitation & handicapped children school. Data was collected from September 1998 to March 1999. The tools used in this study were Mishel's the Parents' Perception of Uncertainty Scale (28 item, 4 likert scale), Miller's Powerlessness measurement Scale(28 item, 4 likert scale) & Cohen's Interpersonal Support Evaluation List(40 items, 4 liken scale). Data was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Duncan comparison, Pearson Correlation coefficient & Stepwise multiple regression Results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Mothers perceived their uncertainty to be slightly high(Mn 2.50). The degree of perceived uncertainty by the four components were followed as lack of clarity(2.69), unpredictability(2.56), ambiguity(2.56) & lack of information(2.46). The degree of perceived uncertainty of the mothers of handicapped children revealed to be influenced significantly by age of children, admission experience, disability types of children. 2. The degree of mothers' powerlessness was measured to be slightly high(Mn 2.14). The degree of perceived powerlessness of the mothers with handcapped children revealed to be influenced significantly by age of children, duration of illness admission experience, & marital status of the mothers. 3. Mothers perceived their social support to be slightly high(Mn 2.71). The degree of perceived social support revealed to be influenced significantly by sex of children, married state of mothers. 4. Mothers' uncertainty was related positively to the mothers' powerlessness(r=.33, p=.0008). And also mothers' powerlessness was related inversely to social support(r=-.50, p=.0001). But, mothers' uncertainty was not related to social support significantly. 5. To analyze the variables which affect powerlessness, stepwise regression was implemented. As a result, about 61% of the powerlessness were explained by social support, marital status of the mothers and perceived uncertainty. Based upon these results, it is recommended that the nurses, who are caring handicapped children and their families, provide various support programs for them to overcome their difficulties. Also programs which decrease the uncertainty & powerlessness used social support multidimensionally & individually are recommended to be developed.