Purpose This study investigated the relationships between mothers' knowledge and practice level of cough etiquette and their children's practice level of cough etiquette as perceived by their mothers.
Methods This study was a descriptive correlational study. The data were collected from 160 mothers with preschoolers attending daycare centers and kindergartens in Gwangju, South Korea using self-reported questionnaires.
Results The correct answer rate for cough etiquette knowledge in mothers was 86.0%, mothers' average practice score was 33.65±4.14, and their children's average practice score was 28.39±4.85 out of 48. The correlation between mothers' cough etiquette knowledge and practice level was not statistically significant. However, mothers' cough etiquette practice was positively correlated with children's cough etiquette level as perceived by mothers (r=.35, p<.001).
Conclusion The development of a systematic cough etiquette education program and measurements for both mothers and children according to their developmental stages is important to effectively prevent respiratory infections.
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Purpose This study investigated the practices of preventing infectious diseases by daycare center teachers. The focus was on the mediating effects of self-efficacy in the relationship between communication skills and practices of preventing infectious diseases.
Methods This study used a descriptive correlational design. The participants were 164 daycare center teachers. Hierarchical regression was used to test the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between communication skills and practices of preventing infectious diseases. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression. The mediation effect was analyzed using an SPSS Macro program, PROCESS.
Results Significant relationships were found between communication skills and practices of preventing infectious diseases (β=.19, p<.001), self-efficacy and practices of preventing infectious diseases (β=.59, p<.001), and communication skills and self-efficacy (β=.27, p<.001). Self-efficacy had a significant mediating effect (β=.17, 95% confidence interval=0.07~0.29) on practices of preventing infectious diseases.
Conclusion In order to improve practices of preventing infectious diseases among daycare teachers, it is necessary to develop and apply interventions and methods that can increase effective communication skills and self-efficacy.
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Purpose This pilot study aimed to describe children's social contact patterns and to analyze factors related to their social contacts.
Methods The participants were 30 children aged ≥13 months to <7 years, whose teachers at childcare centers and parents at home were asked to maintain diaries of their social contacts prospectively for 24 hours. Data were collected from November 30, 2018, to January 7, 2019.
Results The 30 participating children were in contact with 363 persons in a 24-hours period (mean, 12.1±9.1). The number of contacts showed significant relationships with day of the week (p<.001), number of family members/cohabitants (p=.015), area of residence (p=.003), and type of housing (p=.002). A multiple regression model showed significantly higher numbers of contacts on weekdays (B=10.64, p=.010). Physical versus non-physical types of contact showed significant differences in terms of duration, location, and frequency (p<.001). The duration of contacts showed significant relationships with their location and frequency (p<.001), while the frequency of contacts was significantly related to their location (p<.001).
Conclusion This is the first survey describing the characteristics of Korean preschool children's social contacts. Further large-scale social contact studies of children should be conducted.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate mothers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infection prevention for their children.
Methods In this descriptive study, data were collected using a questionnaire. A total 157 mothers of young children were surveyed regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infection prevention.
Results The mean score of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infection prevention in mothers was found to be above average. There were significant differences in knowledge according to whether the mother was employed (t=2.82, p=.005) and in attitudes according to the mother’s age (t=2.13, p=.035). In addition, a significant correlation was found between knowledge and attitudes (r=.16, p=.014), and between attitudes and practices (r=.50, p<.001).
Conclusion This research provides baseline information to understand mothers’ approaches to infection prevention for their children, and it may serve as a basis for providing educational programs that help infection prevention.
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Purpose A longitudinal study was conducted to explore flora colonization and oral glucose high-risk newborns during the first 7 days after birth.
Methods Oral secretions of hospitalized newborns were obtained for microbial cultures and glucose test at days 1-7 after birth.
Results Among the total 112 newborns, 40% were girls and 73% were premature. Mean gestational age was 34.4±3.2 weeks and weight was 2,266±697.5 grams. The most common flora included Streptococcus (28.2%), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, 10.9%), Staphylococcus (6.0%), and Coagulase- Negative Staphylococcus (CNS, 4.0%). The average oral glucose level was 29.2±23.0 mg/dL~58.2±39.5 mg/dL. Newborns with higher oral glucose than serum (crude odds ratio [ORc] =1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.03-2.97), phototherapy (ORc=3.30; 95% CI=2.29-4.76) and prone position (ORc= 2.04; 95% CI=1.13-3.69) were more likely to be colonized. Having oral tubes (ORc=0.42; 95% CI=0.29-0.59), parental nutrition (ORc=0.21; 95% CI=0.13-0.32) and antibiotics (ORc=0.51; 95% CI=0.36-0.73) had protective effects. For oral glucose statistical significances existed on time effect among newborns with Streptococcus (F=9.78, p=.024), MRSA (F=7.60, p=.037) or CNS (F=11.15, p=.019) and interaction between time and colonization among newborns with all of four flora (F=2.73, p=.029) or colonization with only Staphylococcus (F=2.91, p=.034).
Conclusion High-risk newborns develop flora colonization at an early period of life. Their clinical features were associated with types and time of oral flora colonization. They need close monitoring and multifaceted intervention to improve oral environment and infection control.
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Purpose This study was conducted to examine the effect of education on infection control for multidrug resistant organism (MDRO).
Methods One group pre-post time series design was used. Infection control education for MDRO infection was provided to nurses working in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Knowledge and recognition were evaluated before and after education. Hand hygiene compliance, MDRO isolation rate and central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rate were used as outcome variables. Data from 45 nurses was used for analysis.
Results General knowledge about MDRO increased (p=.011). Responses to questions about image of MDRO and MDRO management tended to change in a positive direction (p = .046). Hand hygiene compliance was 100% at pre-test, 79.5% during education period and 98.4% at post-education period. MDRO isolation rate was 6.83 per 1,000 patient days at pre-test, 10.24 during education period and 6.68 at post-education period. CLABSI rate was 3.76 per 1,000 central line days at pre-test, 6.84 during education period and 4.71 at post-education period.
Conclusion Findings indicate that the education program is effective in improving knowledge about MDRO in NICU nurses. However, more reliable indicators should be used to determine long-term effects.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate disease prevalence, parent’s educational needs, and disease management according to severity of respiratory infections in early childhood.
Methods Participants for this study were 173 mothers whose child was admitted to I university hospital in Seoul and whose child was an infant or toddler. Data were collected from December, 17, 2014 to February, 15, 2015 using self-report structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM/SPSS 21.0 program.
Results There were significant differences in the severity of respiratory infection according to neonatal admission due to dyspnea, feeding type, atopic dermatitis in the infant or allergic disease in father and siblings. Parent’s educational needs for the severe respiratory infection group were higher than for the non-severe group. Parent’s disease management for the severe respiratory infection group was lower than the non-severe group.
Conclusion As important care factors in neonatal admissions include dyspnea, cow milk feeding, eczema, family history of allergies, parent’s educational needs and disease management, they should be considered when caring for young children with respiratory infections and their parents.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify pediatric nurses' attitudes to, and compliance with, standard precautions in the prevention of hospital infections by enhancing their practice of standard precautions. METHODS The participants were 206 nurses who worked in pediatric nursing departments of a general medical institution in Seoul. The questionnaire was a modification of Kim (2008) and consisted of 18 questions about hand washing, personal protective equipment, sharps, linen and patient care equipment. Collected data were processed using SPSS 15.0 WIN. RESULTS Mean scores for attitudes to standard precautions and for compliance with standard precautions were 4.43 (+/-0.83) and 4.22 (+/-0.44) respectively. This difference was statistically significant (t=3.368, p=.001). The nurses' compliance with standard precautions differed significantly according to the general characteristics of age (F=8.705, p<.001), total clinical experience (F=9.426, p<.001), current department experience (F=6.555, p<.001), and education experience (t=0.616, p<.043). There was a positive correlation between attitudes to, and compliance with, standard precautions (r=.156, p=.025). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that educational programs and policy on infection control and standard precautions for pediatric nurses are needed. Also these results should contribute to baseline data for establishing appropriate clinical policy on infection control.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practice level of infection managements in child guardians with respiratory infections after H1N1 diffusion of 2009. METHODS The data were collected during February and March 2010 using a self-report questionnaire. The participants were 228 child guardians. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, means, SD, t-test, F-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha with the SPSS 17.0 program. RESULTS Mean age of the guardians and children were 37.8 years, 4.1 years respectively. For knowledge level of respiratory infections, hand washing method had the highest score and snuffles prevention method, the lowest. For practice level for respiratory infections, environmental hygiene management had the highest score and symptom management, the lowest. Infection management knowledge and practice level had a positively significant correlation in every area. CONCLUSION The results indicate the necessity of continual education on infection management, and that the most efficient timing for the education appears be for participants during their first pregnancy or after the woman has delivered her child.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practice of mothers of young children in infection prevention in everyday life. The results will provide basic data for future interventions for infection prevention in early childhood. METHODS: The participants included 313 mothers from three cities in Gyeongnam Province, Korea. The data were collected from December 2007 to January 2008 using a self-report questionnaire developed by the researchers and analyzed using the SPSS program. RESULTS Average rate for correct answers of knowledge of infection prevention was 81.1%, and the mean score of practice in infection prevention was 3.18+/-0.34, out of 5.
There was a positive correlation in the relationship between knowledge and practice (r=.236, p<.001). There were differences in knowledge and practice according to mothers' education, monthly family income, and type of residence, but there were no differences according to number of children and admission history of child for infectious disease. CONCLUSION The level of knowledge and practice infection prevention by the mothers was not enough to prevent infection in early childhood. Therefore, effective strategies should be developed to help mothers in the prevention of infections during early childhood.
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University Students' Cough Etiquette Knowledge and Practice to Protect Droplet Infection Bo-Young Jin, Shinmi Kim Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2015; 17(4): 348. CrossRef
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This study was performed to compare the educational needs of the families of the hospitalized children with respiratory problems and the degree of nurses' educational performances perceived by the families. The subjects consisted of 120 families with respiratory infected children in one university- affiliated hospital in Daegu. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were developed to investigate the educational needs of the families of the hospitalized children with respiratory problems and nurses' educational performances perceived by the families. The data were analyzed by an SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. Among the educational needs of the families, the item of the diagnostic test was ranked as the highest one. Among the degree of nurses' educational performances perceived by the families, the item of the diagnosis was ranked as the highest one. 2. The educational needs of the families were very high, but the degree of nurses' educational performances perceived by families was relatively low. 3. The educational needs of the families were not influenced by the general characteristics of the subjects. These results suggest that the educational needs of the families was different to the degree of nurses' educational performances perceived by the families of the hospitalized children with respiratory problems. Therefore the nursing education program should be based on the educational needs of the families.
PURPOSE To identify the effects of a training program on the knowledge of, attitudes towards child infection, and infection prevention behaviors in staff of daycare centers. METHODS A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design study was conducted with 34 staff of 6 daycare centers over 3 months. The staff in the 3 centers designated as the experimental centers received the training program weekly for 8 weeks. The program included on-site education for one and half hours and monitoring of infection prevention behaviors. Knowledge and attitudes of the staff were measured, and their infection prevention behaviors were observed and recorded by research assistants before and after the program. chi2-test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U-test with SPSS Win program were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The group of staff who received the training program recorded higher scores in knowledge, attitudes, and their infection prevention behaviors compared with staff in the control group. CONCLUSION This finding suggests that the training program had a significant impact on knowledge, attitude, and infection prevention behaviors of staff which could prevent child infection in daycare centers. Nurses need to be involved in daycare centers for the health of the children, and they could intervene effectively in child infections by using this program.
, Sangeun Oh
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