Purpose
This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the health promotion behavior of school-aged children informed by the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 209 fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students from Seoul, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected from March 13 to 31, 2023, using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included validated tools that measured health literacy, attitude toward health behaviors, social support, self-efficacy, and health promotion behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and stepwise multiple regression, using IBM SPSS/WIN ver. 29.0.
Results
The factors influencing the health promotion behavior of school-aged children were social support (β=.43, p<.001), attitude toward health behaviors (β=.27, p<.001), interest in health (high interest group) (β=.14, p=.003), self-efficacy (β=.13, p=.014), and health literacy (β=.10, p=.026). The explanatory power of the model was 63% (F=68.37, p<.001).
Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, it is highly recommended to develop and apply health education and health promotion programs that consider health literacy, attitude toward health behaviors, social support, self-efficacy, and interest in health to foster school-aged children’s health promotion behavior.

Purpose
This study explored the threat and efficacy factors influencing children’s eye health behaviors using an Extended Parallel Process Model for parents of preschool children.
Methods
Data were collected from October 30 to November 6, 2023, using a web-based survey. In total, 166 parents of preschool children participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multiple regression analyses. Parents’ eye health knowledge, eye health threat factors (perceived severity and susceptibility), and eye health efficacy factors (self-efficacy and response efficacy) related to preschoolers were measured. Eye health behavior was assessed by observing the children’s behavior over the past week.
Results
The eye health behaviors of preschool children were positively correlated with their parents’ eye health knowledge (r=.21, p=.006), perceived severity (r=.22, p=.004), response efficacy (r=.36, p<.001), and self-efficacy (r=.64, p<.001). Children’s eye health behavior showed a negative correlation with perceived susceptibility (r=-.27, p<.001). As seen on multiple regression analysis, the factor influencing children’s eye health behavior was self-efficacy (β=.57, p<.001), and the model’s explanatory power was approximately 43% (F=24.09, p<.001).
Conclusion
To promote eye health behavior in preschool children, it is necessary to strengthen the self-efficacy of parents. The results of this study can be used to develop eye health programs for preschool children and their parents.

Purpose
This study aimed to comprehensively explore the associations of socioeconomic status, parenting style, and grit with children's health behaviors.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of 1,040 parents and their children using data from the 2018 Korean Children's Panel Survey. Socioeconomic status was measured in terms of household income and subjective socioeconomic status. Parenting style and grit and were measured using 62 and 8 items, respectively. Health behaviors were measured by assessing healthy eating habits, physical activity, and sedentary behavior.
Results
Higher household income (β=.07, p=.018) and high maternal levels of an authoritative parenting style (β=.20, p<.001) were associated with higher compliance with healthy eating habits among children. Higher grit was associated with a higher number of weekly physical activity days (β=.08, p=.028) and sedentary behavior for <2 hours (odds ratio [OR]=1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01-1.07) in children. A maternal permissive parenting style was associated with sedentary behavior for >2 hours on weekdays (OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.27-0.69).
Conclusion
We suggest that when planning interventions to improve children's health behavior, it is essential to adopt a multifaceted approach that avoids practicing a maternal permissive parenting style, promotes an authoritative parenting style, and incorporates strategies to increase children's grit.

Citations

• Longitudinal Relations Between Maternal Parenting Styles and Preschoolers’ Externalizing Problem Behaviors: A Chain Mediation Model
  Linlin Liang, Ni Zhang, Wen Liu, Linlin Lin, Xue Zhang
  Child & Youth Care Forum.2025; 54(2): 453.     CrossRef
• The Evolving Role of Grit: Shifts in Depression Risk Among High- and Low-Grit Individuals During COVID-19
  Nicholas Lassi
  Healthcare.2025; 13(7): 793.     CrossRef
• Association between the urine tobacco metabolite levels and physical health in Chinese primary school students with secondhand smoke exposure
  Menghan Cheng, Miao Zhang, Wen Fang, Hong Qin, Yue Pan, Shengyi Chen, Guiqi Cao, Yao Zhang, Yu Lu
  Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Parenting practices and adolescents’ mental health: Serial mediation by parental acceptance and adolescents’ grit
  Glen Johan Ri Young Lim, Shin Ling Wu, Chin Choo Yap, Pei Jun Woo
  Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies.2024; 19(1): 198.     CrossRef
• Associations of Broader Parental Factors with Children’s Happiness and Weight Status through Child Food Intake, Physical Activity, and Screen Time: A Longitudinal Modeling Analysis of South Korean Families
  Kay W. Kim, Jan L. Wallander, Bokyung Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2024; 21(2): 176.     CrossRef
• Father-child attachment on children’s screen time: mediating role of ego resilience
  Hwa-Mi Yang, Hye-Ryoung Kim
  BMC Pediatrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Socioeconomic status and health behavior in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review
  Nirmal Gautam, Getenet Dessie, Mohammad Mafizur Rahman, Rasheda Khanam
  Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the effects of smoking prevention programs for young adolescents at early smoking stages to identify the appropriate characteristics of prevention programs for this population.
Methods
Searches of health-related databases and Google Scholar were conducted, and 23 randomized studies were included in the analysis. The main outcome variable was smoking behavior. The analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 3.0).
Results
Smoking prevention programs significantly reduced smoking behaviors (OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.77~0.93). School-based programs (OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.75~0.83), programs by trained teachers or educators (OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.71~0.83), high-intensity programs (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.75~0.91), and programs in an in-school setting (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.74~0.90) had the most significant effect on reducing smoking behavior.
Conclusion
For young adolescents, smoking prevention programs are most effective when they are school-based or highintensity programs, and when conducted by teachers or educators with proper training. Further studies are required since there was insufficient research to explore the effect of web-based programs or family-centered programs on adolescent smokers.

Citations

• Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a School-Based Smoking Prevention Program Among Young Adolescents in Central Greece: An Analytical, Non-Randomized Interventional Study
  Sofia Maria Panagiotidou, Maria Tziastoudi, Marios Politis, Chrissi Hatzoglou, Ioannis Stefanidis, Panagiotis Behrakis, Christos Hadjichristodoulou, Georgios Rachiotis
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2026; 23(2): 270.     CrossRef
• Smoking among adolescents in Jordan: Prevalence, associated factors, and its relation to mental health outcomes
  Sara Abu Khudair, Yousef Khader, Mohannad Al Nsour, Eizaburo Tanaka, Ahmed Abu Siniyeh
  PLOS One.2026; 21(2): e0342653.     CrossRef
• A cluster randomized trial comparing photoaging app and school based educational intervention for tobacco use prevention in adolescents
  Tamadhir Al-Mahrouqi, Fida Al-Ghailani, Maryam Al-Maqbali, Maather Al Saidi, Gowda Parameshwara Prashanth
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Latent Structure of Past 12-Month Tobacco Use in Wave 6 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health: Examining for Differential Substructure by Generational Status
  James S. Clifford, Ronaldo T. Williams, Caitlyn Hall, Fernanda Moya Quezada, Courtney T. Blondino
  Substance Use & Misuse.2025; 60(8): 1173.     CrossRef
• Co-design of the ‘OurFutures Vaping’ programme: a school-based eHealth intervention to prevent e-cigarette use
  Lauren A Gardner, Amy-Leigh Rowe, Emily Stockings, Lyra Egan, Annabelle Hawkins, Kathleen Blackburn, Maree Teesson, Katrina E Champion, Nicola C Newton
  Health Promotion International.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The OurFutures Vaping eHealth intervention to prevent e-cigarette use among adolescent students in Australia: a cluster randomised controlled trial
  Lauren A Gardner, Nicola C Newton, Amy-Leigh Rowe, Siobhan O’Dean, Maree Teesson, Leanne Hides, Nyanda McBride, Matthew Sunderland, Becky Freeman, Lyra Egan, Annabelle Hawkins, Rhiannon Ellem, Amra Catakovic, Elise Caradmone, Chloe Alcorn, Kathleen Blackb
  The Lancet Public Health.2025; 10(8): e682.     CrossRef
• The Impact of Web-Based Educational Software on Smoking Addiction: A Study on High School Students' Knowledge and Emotional Development
  Merve Çetin, Mehmet Tekdal
  Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi.2025; 33(3): 632.     CrossRef
• Tobacco smoking, second‐hand smoking exposure in relation to psychotic‐like experiences in adolescents
  Dongfang Wang, Zijuan Ma, Yunge Fan, Huilin Chen, Meng Sun, Fang Fan
  Early Intervention in Psychiatry.2024; 18(2): 102.     CrossRef
• Adolescent’s explicit and implicit cigarette cognitions predict experimentation with both cigarettes and e-cigarettes
  Christopher Cappelli, James Russell Pike, Bin Xie, Alyssa Jenna Michaels, Alan W. Stacy
  The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse.2024; 50(3): 401.     CrossRef
• Tobacco cessation, anti-tobacco education, and smoke-free schools: Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey
  Willie Rajvong, Yelena Tarasenko, Angela Ciobanu
  Tobacco Prevention & Cessation.2024; 10(November): 1.     CrossRef
• Determinants of ever smoking and active smoking among school-aged children in Jeddah
  Ahlam Mazi
  Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences.2023; 18(5): 1124.     CrossRef
• A Study on the Factors Influencing Smoking in Multicultural Youths in Korea
  Jin-Hee Park, Mi-Jin Kim, Hee-Joo Lee
  Healthcare.2023; 11(10): 1437.     CrossRef
• Comparisons between young adult waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers’ reactions to pictorial health warning labels in Lebanon: a randomized crossover experimental study
  R Jebai, T Asfar, R Nakkash, S Chehab, M Schmidt, W Wu, Z Bursac, W Maziak
  Health Education Research.2023; 38(6): 537.     CrossRef
• Prevention of tobacco use in an adolescent population through a multi-personal intervention model
  Francisco Carrión-Valero, Joan Antoni Ribera-Osca, Jose M Martin-Moreno, Alejandro Martin-Gorgojo
  Tobacco Prevention & Cessation.2023; 9(December): 1.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to develop a mobile-based self-management health alarm (MSHA) program for modifying obese children's lifestyle based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model and to test its feasibility.
Methods
A methodological study for the development of the MSHA program and pilot study with a one-group pretest-posttest design for feasibility testing was conducted. The MSHA program was designed to provide obesity-related information (I), monitor daily diet and exercise, provide motivational text messages (M), and enhance healthy diet and exercise skills (B) via a mobile-based web platform. In the feasibility test, six obese children participated in the 4-week program, and the number of days per week that they achieved their goals and differences in metabolic components were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Results
Participants successfully achieved their diet and exercise goals≥5 days per week. Body mass index (z=-1.99, p=.046), waist circumference (z=-2.20, p=.028), and triglyceride levels (z=-2.21, p=.027) significantly decreased.
Conclusion
The MSHA program showed positive effects on health behaviors and metabolic syndrome risk. The program may be effective in improving metabolic syndrome in obese children by promoting self-health management behaviors.

Citations

• Development and pilot evaluation of a theory-based self-care program for late school-aged children with atopic dermatitis: a quasi-experimental study in South Korea
  Da-Jeong Kum, Kyung-Sook Bang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2026; 32(1): 66.     CrossRef
• Communicating physical activity messages with adolescents: what works? A scoping review with stakeholder consultation
  Caera L Grady, Elaine Murtagh, Kwok Ng, Enrique García Bengoechea, Catherine B Woods
  International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and .2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Health self-management programs for adolescents and young adults with chronic medical condition transitioning from pediatric to adult care: a scoping review
  Yi Qi, Lin Xia, Yifan Chen, Ting Yi, Yiwen Hu, Ziling Xie, Yan Wang, Chaoqun Dong
  European Journal of Pediatrics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Theory-Based Mobile Self-Management Interventions and Behavior Change Techniques for Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Scoping Review
  Heeae Moon, Sun-Kyung Hwang
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2025; 37(4): 368.     CrossRef
• Development and validation of the information-motivation-behavioural skills model-based human immunodeficiency virus education kit for adolescents in Malaysia
  Wan Nur Syamimi Wan Mohamad Darani, Aimi Nadira Mat Ruzlin, Zahir Izuan Azhar, Xin Wee Chen
  Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Healthier School Systems for Learners: Government Role in Fostering Holistic Interventions
  Nsikakabasi Samuel George, Deborah Oluwaseun Shomuyiwa, Molly Unoh Ogbodum, Francis Ima Imoke, Alicja Domagała
  Journal of Education and Community Health.2024; 11(2): 112.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate factors affecting health behaviors in late school-aged children from multicultural families.
Methods
This study included 401 children (112 from multicultural families and 289 from non-multicultural backgrounds) in grades 4~6 in 11 elementary schools. Data on health behaviors and related factors (school adjustment, the mother-child relationship, self-efficacy, etc.) were collected from the children using self-reported questionnaires between May and June in 2019. The collected data were analyzed through a univariate analysis and multiple regression analysis.
Results
The health behavior score of multicultural children was lower than that of non-multicultural children (t=3.32, p=.001). In multicultural children, school adjustment (β=.55, p<.001), mother-child relationship (β=.25, p=.001), and perceived health status (very healthy=1; β=.19, p=.011) were significant factors affecting their health behavior and explained 47.0% (F=30.93, p<.001) of the variance.
Conclusion
Multicultural late school-aged children are at risk to engage in a lower level of health behaviors than their non-multicultural counterparts. More attention should be paid to ways of improving multicultural children’s perceptions of their health status, maternal relationships, and school adjustment in order to promote health behaviors.

Citations

• The Moderating Effect of South Korean Children’s Encounter with Children from Multicultural Families on the Relationship between Their Fathers' Perception of Multicultural Families and Their Racial Awareness
  Juan Ouyang, Kyung Eun Jahng
  Child Indicators Research.2021; 14(6): 2197.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting health promotion behaviors in late school-aged children by establishing a hypothetical model based on the planned behavior theory.
Methods
From July 19 to August 31, 2017, 460 questionnaires were distributed to fifth and sixth graders at three elementary schools in Korea, of which 318 were ultimately analyzed.
Results
All the fit indices were shown to be appropriate, indicating satisfactory fit. In the final model, six of the nine paths included in the hypothetical model were supported. Specifically, perceived behavioral control had the most influence on intention, followed by subjective norms, self-esteem, and health knowledge. Intentions were the most influential factor for health-promoting behaviors, followed by self-esteem and health knowledge. Subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and self-esteem explained 57.6% of intention to engage in health promotion behaviors and 61.7% of variation in health promotion behaviors was explained by health knowledge, self-esteem and intention.
Conclusion
The findings of this study provide support for a model that can be used to facilitate the practice of health promotion activities in children in the later years of school age.

Citations

• Exploring waste separation using an extended theory of planned behavior: a comparison between adults and children
  Ji Pan, Pingping Liu
  Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Health Intentions and Health-promoting Behavior on Selfesteem among School-aged Children in South Korea
  Jin Kim, Ga Eul Jeon, Nam Hyun Cha
  Current Pediatric Reviews.2023; 19(3): 304.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral health education on oral health knowledge, oral health behavior, and oral hygiene status of children from North Korea.
Methods
Participants were 32 North Korean children defectors (15 in the education group, 17 in the control group). The oral health education program, including theoretical training and toothbrush training, was done once a week for 4 weeks. Effects of the education program were assessed for oral health knowledge, oral health behavior, and oral hygiene status at pretest, 0, and 4 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANCOVA with the SAS program.
Results
Children in the education group showed increased oral health knowledge and behavior over time compared to the control group and an improvement in oral hygiene status including significantly decreased S-PHP and Snyder test for oral micro-organism.
Conclusion
Results indicate that oral health education is effective in improving oral health knowledge, oral health behavior and oral hygiene status. These improvements could lead to a better quality of life for North Korean children defectors.

Citations

• A Qualitative Study of Preschool Children’s Perspectives on an Oral Health Promotion Program in New South Wales, Australia
  Jinal Shashin Parmar, Prathyusha Sanagavarapu, Sowbhagya Micheal, Navira Chandio, Susan Cartwright, Amit Arora
  Children.2024; 11(4): 415.     CrossRef
• The influence of North Korean defectors’ oral health service experience on oral health behavior
  Siwoo Kim, Yuri Lee, Jae-Sung Kwon, Saran Kim, Jungtae Kim, Steacey Kim, Jae Hoon Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2022; 46(3): 115.     CrossRef
• Changes in the oral health and tooth brushing habits of upper grade primary school children according to the composition of the tooth brushing environment of the school
  Su-Kyung Jwa
  Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2021; 45(4): 210.     CrossRef
• An exploratory study on development policy and the status of oral health care in the North Korea during the Kim Jong-Un era
  Sae-Rom Lee, Se-Hwan Jung
  Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2020; 44(1): 26.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze the mental health and health risk behaviors of multicultural adolescents according to their mothers’ native country.
Methods
For this study raw data from the 11th Youth Health Behavior Online Survey (2015) was examined. Mental health and health risk behaviors for 62,985 adolescents were analyzed according to their mothers’ native country. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS program using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis, to which the complex sample design was applied.
Results
The odds ratio of depression in multicultural adolescents compared to Korean adolescents was 44.92 (CI: 5.77-349.59) for adolescents whose mothers came from Cambodia and 3.00 (CI: 1.57-5.76) for adolescents whose mothers came from North Korea. The odds ratio of attempted suicide was 14.73 (CI: 3.09-70.22) for adolescents whose mothers came from Cambodia and 8.63 (CI: 3.45-21.62) for adolescents whose mothers came from North Korea. The odds ratio of problematic drinking in multicultural adolescents was 7.47 (CI: 1.71-32.67) for adolescents whose mothers came from Mongolia.
Conclusion
Findings indicate that when planning a health promotion program for adolescents from multicultural families, a customized approach should be sought taking into account the characteristics of mothers’ native country.

Citations

• Comparison of Risk Factors for Habitual Substance Use Among Adolescents in Korea by Maternal Nationality: Analysis of 18th and 19th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (2022 and 2023)
  Hyeon Ok Ju, So Yeon Park
  Children.2025; 12(4): 458.     CrossRef
• Mental health and health behaviors in multicultural families: The impact of parents’ cultural background
  Yoora Hwang, Mijeong Kwon, Jimin Kim, Hyekyeong Kim
  Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2024; 41(2): 1.     CrossRef
• Applying target congruence theory to victimization risk of students from multicultural backgrounds: A comparison of South Korean, North Korean, and other multicultural family adolescents
  Jaeyong Choi, Nathan Kruis, Julak Lee
  Children and Youth Services Review.2020; 118: 105392.     CrossRef
• The Mental Health of Ethnic Minority Youths in South Korea and Its Related Environmental Factors: A Literature Review
  Yeeun Lee, Minji Lee, Subin Park
  Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolesc.2019; 30(3): 88.     CrossRef
• Effects of the Culturally Sensitive Education of Perinatal Care on Knowledge, Skills, and Self-Efficacy among Korean Husbands and Vietnamese Wives
  Youngmee Kim, Kap-Chul Cho
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(4): 515.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in health behaviors among adolescents in order to provide fundamental data to develop an effective body weight control program.
Methods
Secondary analysis was done using data from the 9th (2013) Online Survey on Adolescents’ Health Behaviors by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The adolescents were divided into low weight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups according to body mass index (BMI). Differences in health behaviors were analyzed.
Results
Gender, grade, socioeconomic status, perceived-health status, exercise, breakfast, fast food, ramen noodles, snacks, carbonated soft drinks, fruits and vegetables, satisfaction with sleep, stress, smoking, and alcohol consumption were significantly different among the groups. Ingestion of carbonated soft drinks and snacks was significantly higher in the low weight group compared to the normal weight group. Eating fast foods, ramen noodles, and snacks was significantly lower in the overweight and obesity groups compared to the normal weight group.
Conclusion
Findings indicate that health behaviors among the groups differ from traditional knowledge about obesity. To develop optimal programs and improve efficacy, prior knowledge should be used to think differently and individualized programs should be based on an understanding health behaviors of adolescents.

Citations

• Effects of Multidisciplinary Health Promotion Program Among Children in Community Childcare Center
  Yerin Kim, Gyeong Seob Shin, Jungwon Park, Minji Kang, Kumhee Son, Yoon Myung Kim, Kyung Hee Park, Hyunjung Lim
  Clinical Nutrition Research.2024; 13(1): 8.     CrossRef
• Association of dietary habits with general and abdominal obesity in Korean children and adolescents: cluster analysis of nationwide population survey data
  Ye-Jin Yun, Yu-Jin Kwon, Yaeji Lee, Seok-Jae Heo, Ji-Won Lee
  Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Relationship between Positive Parenting Attitude and Children’s BMI Z-score: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Exercise Time and Number of Breakfasts Consumed of Children
  Seoyoung Choi, Sangshin Park
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(3): 210.     CrossRef
• Health behaviors and mental health among adolescents: A comparison based on BMI using the 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey
  Hye-Ryeon Park, Na-Geong Kim
  Belitung Nursing Journal.2023; 9(6): 571.     CrossRef
• Health literacy of adolescents in the COVID-19 pandemic: an integrative review
  Rafaela Aparecida Prata, Tamara Barros Bicudo, Juliana Bastoni da Silva, Marla Andréia Garcia de Avila
  Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Letramento em saúde de adolescentes na pandemia de COVID-19: revisão integrativa
  Rafaela Aparecida Prata, Tamara Barros Bicudo, Juliana Bastoni da Silva, Marla Andréia Garcia de Avila
  Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Recognition and preference of rice-based home meal replacement for breakfast among adolescents in the Jeonbuk area
  Hae-Rim Oh, Hyunsuk Kim, Su-Jin Jung, Youn-Soo Cha
  Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(3): 262.     CrossRef
• eHealth Literacy, Awareness of Pandemic Infectious Diseases, and Healthy Lifestyle in Middle School Students
  Sinyoung Choi, Kyung-Sook Bang, Da-Ae Shin
  Children.2021; 8(8): 699.     CrossRef
• Application Design for Child Obesity Management Based on Users’ Preferences and Needs
  Jisan Lee, Kim Jeongeun, Byun Ahjung, Jin Meiling, Piao Meihua, Kwak Kyungryeon, Lee Hyeoiyun
  Western Journal of Nursing Research.2020; 42(5): 356.     CrossRef
• Factors associated with Obesity among Korean Adolescents based on the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016)
  Hyun Young Koo, Eun Kyung Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(1): 28.     CrossRef
• Influence of perceived stress on obesity in South Korean adolescents using data from the 13th 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey
  Hye Ja Gu
  Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2019; 36(1): 29.     CrossRef
• Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Weight Status among Korean Adolescents from Multicultural Families: Using Data from the 2017–2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Surveys
  SuJin Song, Hyojune Song
  Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(6): 465.     CrossRef
• The Differences in Obesity Rates According to Status of Co-Residence with Their Parents in Korean Adolescents: The Implication of the Gender of Single Parent Living with Adolescents
  Nahee Kim, Young Gyu Cho, Jae-Heon Kang, Hyun Ah Park, Kyoungwoo Kim, Yang-Im Hur, Duho Kwon
  Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2018; 18(4): 177.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to examine the importance of health promotion behavior for infants and toddlers as perceived by mothers of children in early childhood, and graduate students in nursing and to provide information for health promotion in early childhood.
METHODS
This study was a cross-sectional survey research study. The participants were 91 mothers of children in early childhood, and 115 graduate students in nursing.
RESULTS
The comparisons showed that graduate students in nursing reported higher perception of the importance health promotion behavior for infants and toddlers than did the mothers. In health promotion behavior, the highest score was in the category of safety.
CONCLUSION
Providing information by nurses is necessary to promote health promotion behavior for mothers of children in early childhood. Therefore, it is important for healthcare professionals to develop effective programs for these mothers who want to promote good health promotion behavior in their children.

Citations

• The Influences of Mother’s eHealth Literacy, Health Information Orientation, and Social Support on the Use of Internet on Health Promotion Behaviors for Their Children
  Mi-Ae You, Eun Bee Baek, Na-Gyeung Kang
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2021; 46(2): 221.     CrossRef
• Model Structure for Mother-Child Relationship for Korean Infants and Toddlers and Their Mothers
  Sun-Jung Park, Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(3): 268.     CrossRef
• A Survey of Smartphone-Based Health Education Needs for Parents
  Shin-Jeong Kim, Jung Min Lee, Hye Young Min
  Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(4): 346.     CrossRef
• Types of Child Rearing Behavior of Parents during Early Childhood: Q-Methodological Approach
  Sun-Jung Park, Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(4): 486.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to examine body satisfaction of children, self-rated health of children and parent-child attachment as perceived by children and their mothers in relation to children's health behavior and to identify factors affecting health behavior of children. Ultimately the purpose of this study was to provide basic data to develop health promotion programs for children.
METHODS
Participants were 140 couples, 4th grade elementary school students and their mothers residing in Busan. Data collection was done during June 1 and July 31, 2010. The data were analyzed using paired t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with PASW 18.0 program.
RESULTS
Children and mothers rated body satisfaction of the child differently. Children's responses for body satisfaction of child and parent-child attachment were associated with health behavior of children. Self-rated health perceived by children was also a factor affecting health behavior, as were body satisfaction perceived by children and mothers' perception of body satisfaction of child in that order. These variables explained 18.2% of the total variances in health behavior of children.
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate that body satisfaction and self-rated health of children are important variables to target within intervention research and treatment programs for health promotion behavior of children at home and school.

Citations

• Effect of Postural Education on Physical Satisfaction and Life Habit in Elementary Students
  Ju-Young Song
  The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2015; 27(1): 18.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify high school students' knowledge and attitude about cancer, and to examine the relation between these variables.
METHODS
The participants were 811 students from 8 high schools in U city. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA and Duncan test with SPSS/WIN 12.0.
RESULTS
The score for participants' knowledge about cancer was 18.88 out of a possible 30, and their score for attitude towards cancer was 34.74 points of a possible 50. There were significant differences in knowledge about cancer according to gender, religion, school grades and worries about cancer. The attitude towards cancer showed significant differences according to worries about cancer and family atmosphere. The health behaviors were also statistically affected by factors like whether one smoked or not, health condition and harmony of family life. There was a significant positive correlation between attitude towards cancer and health behavior for cancer prevention. Attitude towards cancer and health behavior for cancer prevention showed a positive correlation with knowledge about cancer.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that the development of an appropriate attitude towards cancer by high school students should lead to the practice of health behavior to prevent cancer. This development could be enhanced with structured and on-going education about cancer.

Citations

• Factors related to Cancer Preventive Behavior among Patients with Early Gastric Cancer who Underwent Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
  Sunghye Choo, Sanghee Kim, Yong Chan Lee, Eunsung Kim
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2023; 23(2): 47.     CrossRef
• The Moyamoya Health Behavior Scale for Adolescent Patients: Measurement Tool Development and Psychometric Evaluation
  Won-oak Oh, Insun Yeom, Sung-Hyun Lim, Dong-Seok Kim, Kyu-won Shim
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(8): 4064.     CrossRef
• Breast Education Improves Adolescent Girls' Breast Knowledge, Attitudes to Breasts and Engagement With Positive Breast Habits
  Atefeh Omrani, Joanna Wakefield-Scurr, Jenny Smith, Ross Wadey, Nicola Brown
  Frontiers in Public Health.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Development and Psychometric Properties of A Survey to Assess Breast Knowledge and Attitudes of Adolescent Girls
  Atefeh Omrani, Joanna Wakefield-Scurr, Jenny Smith, Nicola Brown
  American Journal of Health Education.2019; 50(6): 374.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast-Self Examination among Middle and High School Girls
  Shin Jeong Kim, Jung Min Lee, Hae Young Min, Hye Young Min
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(2): 147.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Preventive Health Behaviors for Cancer in Undergraduates*
  Ya Ki Yang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursi.2015; 22(1): 59.     CrossRef
• Knowledge, Attitude, and Preventive Health Behavior of Cancer in Middle-aged Men
  Youngrye Park, Hwee Wee
  The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2014; 17(2): 97.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Practices of Health Behavior for Cancer Prevention in University Students
  Youn Na Lee, In Soo Kwon
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2014; 14(2): 109.     CrossRef
• A Study on the Knowledge, Attitudes, Cancer Preventive Dietary Behavior, and Lifestyles of Adults in the Jeonbuk Area
  Jeongok Rho, Suyoun Choi
  Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2013; 22(1): 201.     CrossRef
• Development and Verification of the Effect of Health Lifestyle Education Program for Cancer Prevention in Late School-aged Children
  Mi-Hye Cho, In-Soo Kwon
  Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(4): 192.     CrossRef
• Relationships between Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Health Behavior about Cancer in University Students
  Ick-Jee Kim, Sang-Hee Kim
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2012; 12(1): 44.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing health risk behavior in high school students.
METHODS
The subjects were 512 students from 4 high schools in 3 cities. The questionnaire measured the level of self-esteem, self-efficacy, internal locus of control and health risk behaviors. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in the health risk behaviors according to sex, a classification of the school, whether or not smoking of mother, whether or not live alone, level of harmonious family, level of satisfying school-life and three variables of them were significant differences by Scheffe test. There was a significant positive correlation between sub-dimension of health risk behaviors and the self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal locus of control were negative correlation with health risk behaviors. The most important influential factor of the health risk behaviors was the self-efficacy.
CONCLUSION
From the studies reviewed, improving the self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal locus of control and the general social environment of students will probably be the most effective strategies for primary prevention of health risk behaviors.

Citations

• Effects of oral health-related self-efficacy on oral health-related quality of life in male high school students
  Kui-Ye Yang, Ji-Eon Jang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2020; 44(1): 48.     CrossRef
• A Study on the Effective Factor of an Oral Health Promotion Behavior for Adolescents
  Young-Im Kim
  The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2017; 11(2): 129.     CrossRef
• An Analysis of 2012 Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior On-line Survey Data for Exploring Physical Health Determinants of High School Students
  Hong-Jik Lee
  The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic c.2015; 10(1): 117.     CrossRef
• Influencing factors on oral health related self-efficacy and social support in high school students
  Young-Im Kim, Sang-Hui Yu
  Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2015; 15(1): 129.     CrossRef
• A Structural Model for Health Risk Behavior of Late Adolescents: Based on 2010 Korea Adolescent Health Survey
  Young-Ju Jee, Young-Hae Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(2): 179.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing oral health behaviors in high school students
  Kyeung-Ae Jang
  Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2013; 13(2): 287.     CrossRef
• Current health issues in Korean adolescents
  Chang Ho Hong
  Korean Journal of Pediatrics.2011; 54(10): 395.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine levels of knowledge, attitude towards infant oral health, and related health behavior of parents.
METHODS
The sample consisted of 380 parents who were providing care for a child ranging in age from 11 to 16 months.
RESULTS
Participants obtained information on infant oral health via the internet, infant care books, and friends. While showing the correct attitude towards infant oral health, the parents were ill-informed regarding infant oral health and engaged in low levels of appropriate health behavior. There were statistically significant differences in infant oral health knowledge according to parents age, education, income, and age of infant. Attitude towards infant oral health was significantly different according to parents education and income. Also, there were significant differences in health behavior practice for infant oral health according to parents age, income, caregiver, and infant age. A significant positive relationship was found between knowledge and attitude to infant oral health.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that for maintenance and improvement of infant oral health, the parents and caregivers of infants should be provided with information and specific methods for infant oral health care.

Citations

• Correlation between oral health knowledge, demand for remote education tools, and self-efficacy among parents of children and adolescents
  Min-Ji Park, Herry Novrinda, Jae-Young Lee
  Journal of Korean Society of Dental Hygiene.2025; 25(1): 69.     CrossRef
• A Study on the Oral Health Literacy and Related Factors of Mother’s in Some Areas: A 25% Comparison Study of the Upper and Lower Grades
  Mi-Jeong Kim, Cha-Young Lim, Ju-Lee Son
  Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2022; 22(1): 44.     CrossRef
• The Relationship Between Participating in Online Parenting Communities and Health-Promoting Behaviors for Children Among First-Time Mothers: The Mediating Effect of Parental Efficacy
  Minyoung Woo, Sun-Mi Chae
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2022; 26(3): 183.     CrossRef
• A Study on the Oral Health Literacy and Related Factors of Mother’s in Some Areas
  Mi-Jeong Kim, Cha-Young Lim, Ju-Lee Son
  Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2021; 21(1): 52.     CrossRef
• In-Depth Interview of Parents Experienced First Infant Oral Examination
  Su-Na Lee, Soon-Ryun Lim
  Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2017; 17(6): 543.     CrossRef
• Relation with Mothers of Oral Health Knowledge and Practice for Infants Oral Health Management
  Young-Mee Lee, Young-Ran Yeun, Sung-Joong Kim
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperati.2016; 17(3): 407.     CrossRef
• A Survey of Smartphone-Based Health Education Needs for Parents
  Shin-Jeong Kim, Jung Min Lee, Hye Young Min
  Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(4): 346.     CrossRef
• Effects of Healthy Life Practice Education on Reported Health Behaviors Among Fourth-Grade Elementary School Students in South Korea
  Shin-Jeong Kim, Haeryun Cho, Seong-Sook Baek
  The Journal of School Nursing.2016; 32(6): 397.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to find out preschool children's health status and their mothers' health management in the vulnerable classes.
METHODS
The assessment tool was developed, taken into consideration existing studies, materials produced by the customized visiting health care system, and review of visiting nurses of health centers and related experts. Data were collected January to February 2010 from 259 mothers by visiting nurses, and analyzed using SAS program for descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
Body weight less than 3 percentile was found for 5.0% children and over 97 percentile for 7.7%. Atopy was found in 17.8% children, no hand-washing after toileting and before meal in 30.9% and 36.7% respectively, no breakfast in 15.8%, and irregular meal in 32.0%. Sex education was made by 45.7% mothers, regular dental check by 56.6%, and hearing and eyesight test by 61.1% and 66.8% respectively. Home environment for upbringing is 34.3 in the scale of 41, and accident prevention 17.5 in the scale of 22.
CONCLUSION
It is necessary to make an intervention on children's weight, personal sanitation and meal time in the vulnerable classes. Mothers need to be educated for appropriate health care, and home environments to improve upbringing and accident prevention.

Citations

• Differences in Health Behavior Profiles of Adolescents in Urban and Rural Areas in a Korean City
  Myungah Chae, Kihye Han
  Healthcare.2021; 9(3): 282.     CrossRef
• An Integrative Review of Home Care Service for Pregnant Women, Mothers, Infants, and Toddlers in Vulnerable Group
  Dasom Kim, Insook Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(5): 577.     CrossRef
• Interaction Effects of Social Determinants Affecting School-Aged Children’s Health
  Mi Young Kim, Mee Sok Park
  Family and Environment Research.2016; 54(5): 515.     CrossRef
• A Research on the Health Care and the Demand for Visiting Health Care Services for Vulnerable Children in Comparison with Non-vulnerable Children in a Region
  Hye Kyung Nam
  Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2016; 30(3): 556.     CrossRef
• The Associations Between Socioeconomic Status, Caregivers' Depressive Symptoms, Children's Health‐Promoting Behavior, and Children's Physical Health: A Mediation Model
  Joan P. Yoo, Grace H. Chung, Sang‐Gyun Lee
  Asian Social Work and Policy Review.2015; 9(2): 177.     CrossRef
• Survey on Health Care and Household Safety Management for Vulnerable Children
  Hye Kyung Nam
  Journal of muscle and joint health.2014; 21(3): 246.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to explore the levels of depression experienced by adolescents, and to compare health behavior between depressed and non-depressed adolescents.
METHOD
Participants were chosen by a stratified random sampling of adolescents in the second grade of a high school in P city. Levels of depression and health behavior of the students were measured using questionnaires. Data collection was done in May, 2002. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and logistic regression using the SPSS WIN 10.0 Program.
RESULTS
The prevalence of depression (CES-D) among the students was 53.5%. In multiple logistic regression analysis, sex (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.35-2.41), school performance, mid (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.48-1.97) and low (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.29-1.61), drinking (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.09-1.98), and not eating breakfast (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.56-1.97) were significantly higher in students in the depressed group than those in the non-depressed group.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings, we concluded that many adolescent experience depression and depression in adolescents is significantly related to behaviors of smoking, alcohol, no exercise, and not eating breakfast. However this study did not address causality among these variables. There, further research, such as a longitudinal study, is needed to identify causality among the variables.

The subjects were 349 high school boys and girls who were 10th and 11th graders in Seoul, Korea. Statistical analysis included percentages, means, Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, t-test, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. As a result, there were positive correlations between social support, stress reduction and increases in health behavior. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of social support, stress, and adolescents health behavior showed that social support explained 26.3% of the variance in health behavior, The more social support subjects experienced more health behavior level and the less the correlated stress level. In the area of demographic attributes, gender, height, weight, grade level, socioeconomic level of the parents, and stress were significantly correlated, grade levels, religion, socioeconomic level of parents and social support. sibling order, religion, socioeconomic level of the parents, parents education, occupation of father. and health behavior were statistically significant The findings indicated stress was a negative factor in health behavior, and social support was a positive factor in reducing stress and promoting health behavior. To reduce adolescents stress and to promote health behavior, we should endeavor to develop realistic social support programs.

The purpose of this study was to explore the health and illness concepts of hospitalized children. The subjects were 129 hospitalized children from 3 to 12 years old in one general hospital. Data were collected through semistructured interviews by authors. This study was conducted from Jun. 1, 2000 to Dec. 31, 2000. Data were coded and categorized by content analysis. The results were as follows: 1.Perceived health concept were physical well- being, food, exercise, powerfulness, emotional stability, obeidence, cleanliness, sleep and ability of social adaptation. 2. Perceived health behavior to maintain health were food, treatment, exercise, cleanliness, obeidence, sleep, emotional stability, powerfulness and psychological stability, physical well-being. 3.Perceived prevention of illness were food, cleanliness, treatment, exercise, obedience, sleep, powerfulness, psychological stability, emotional stability, recreation and ability of social adaptation. 4.Perceived causes of illness were illness, trauma and food. 5.Perceived treatment of illness were treatment, sleep, rest, food, obedience, emotional stability, psychological stability, cleanliness, exercise and powerfulness.

The purpose of this study was to explore the late schooler's health concept and health behavior. The research was a descriptive method using a self-report questionnaire which include semi open-ended questions. the subjects were 4581ate schooler's from 4 to 6 grade. The results were as follows : 1. Perceived health concepts were 'having no illness' 'having normal physical feature and strength' 'eating food well' 'take exercise' 'having a bright mind' 'having good interpersonal relationships' 'having strong will' 'recovering well'. 2. Perceived health behaviors to maintain health were 'taking proper exercise' 'eating proper food' 'maintaining cleanliness' 'taking sufficient rest and sleep' 'having a vigor life and positive thought' 'having good interterpersonal relationships' 'receiving health check and immunization'. 3. Health behaviors carried out at present were 'taking proper exercise' 'eating proper food' 'having a vigor life and positive thought' 'receiving health check an immunization' 'taking supplementary drugs' 'having a regular life' 'maintaining cleanliness' 'maintaining warmth'. 4. Perceived causes of illness were 'taking inproper food' 'uncleanliness' 'insufficient warmth or environment' 'lack of exercise or overexertion' 'irregular life habits' 'contact with germs' 'mental stress'. 5. Perceived treatments of illness were 'having sufficient rest and sleep' 'mental relaxation' 'eating food' 'maintinging cleanliness' 'maintaining . warmth' 'taking supplementary drug' 'receiving medical treatment'.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore health behavior and perception of therapeutic restrictions in chronically ill children and their parents in Korea. Method: Nine children with chronic disease and of six of their parents were interviewed using semi-structured a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using explorative content analysis. Results: Health behaviors related to therapeutic restrictions was classified into four domains, and the perceptions of therapeutic restrictions into two domains. The domains regarding compliance in health behavior with therapeutic restrictions included control-centered restrictions (maintaining food limitations, avoiding harmful environments, restriction on physical activity, restriction on social activity, restriction on learning activity), and everyday pursuit of balance(preference for healthy diet, maintaining a regular life style, maintaining a standard body weight, pursuing psychological well-being, family participation). Domains regarding perception of therapeutic restrictions included obstacles to growth and development (bridled life, opportunity deprivation, prevented from playing proper role), origin of conflict (tenacity, conflict, stressor, cover-up), task for normal life (doing proper duty), and everyday affairs (becoming ordinary, familiarity). Conclusion: This study will help to enhance understanding the behavior and perception of therapeutic restrictions by chronically ill children and their families and to establish educational programs and counseling for these children and their families.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe high-risk health behaviors in middle school adolescents and to identify factors related to this behavior. Method: This survey study employed a self administered questionnaire given to 621 students enrolled in one middle school located in Gyeonggi province. Using the cluster sampling method, 4 classes from the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades were selected. The survey was done between April 20 and May 19, 2004. Data were analyzed using SAS. Result: The results showed that 19.1% of adolescents smoked cigarettes and 8.4 % drank regularly. The mean score for resilience was 6.92 (range:0-10) and for depression, 23.62 (range:0-50). The adolescents in higher grades reported significantly more experience with pornography. Also, adolescents who reported have fewer conversations with their parents had significantly more experience with pornography. Depression was significantly higher for those students who had better academic skills and higher family income. Resilience level was significantly higher for the students who reported better schools records and higher family income. The most important factor related to the high risk behaviors, depression, and resilience was conversations with parents. Conclusion: This study suggests that to develop an effective high-risk health behavior prevention program for adolescents, it is necessary to include communication skills with the parents.