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"Development"

Original Articles

Development of an educational intervention program for infant safe sleep practices in Korea: a methodological study
Jung Ae Cho, Young Mee Ahn, Min Sohn, Ok Kyung Ham, Min Kyung Lim, Hyun Young Koo
Child Health Nurs Res 2026;32(1):16-26.   Published online January 30, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2025.033
Purpose
Education on infant safe sleep practices has been known to reduce the risk of sleep-related sudden unexpected infant death. Since sleep environments may vary across sociocultural contexts, infant safe sleep education needs to reflect specific sociocultural settings. This study aimed to develop an educational Protocol for Infant Safe Sleep (PISS) for primary caregivers in Korea that considers parenting behaviors and cultural characteristics.
Methods
This study was conducted in three key methodological steps: (1) retrieval, defining, and systematic classification of PISS content; (2) the structural formulation of the content as an educational protocol; and (3) content validation. For the first step, a literature review was conducted, along with an analysis of educational materials from institution websites related to infant safe sleep and online parenting communities. Field observations were also conducted to identify relevant Korean culture characteristics. Based on these findings, the PISS was developed. Content validity index was assessed by six professionals, and the results were reflected into the educational program.
Results
The PISS intervention provided an educational video and booklet and enhanced learning via phone counseling and educational kit, which comprised an illustrated safe sleep sticker and a calendar-style activity diary. The educational content consisted of (1) sleep location, (2) sleep position, (3) bedding, (4) clothes and temperature, and (5) other considerations.
Conclusion
This study developed the PISS, an intangible educational intervention based on Korean sociocultural characteristics and specific guidelines for primary caregivers. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of this program in promoting safe sleep practices.
  • 658 View
  • 74 Download
Purpose
To describe the process of systematically developing an integrated health promotion program for school-age children from vulnerable families.
Methods
In this study, we applied the first three steps—analysis, design, and development (ADD)—of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model. The analysis step involved a literature review and needs assessment. In the design step, program components were considered and a program draft was developed. The program content was modified based on expert validation in the development step. The preliminary program was administered in the implementation step, and the final program was confirmed in the evaluation step.
Results
The program contents were based on the literature review, needs assessment, and Ryan’s integrated theory of health behavior change. The content was valid, and the educational material was appropriate for school-age children from vulnerable families. The finalized program consists of six sessions to promote physical, psychological, and social health using individual/group and face-to-face/online methods, including two that involve both parents and children.
Conclusion
This study presents a detailed description of how the program was developed and illustrates the critical elements that should be considered during similar program development. The effect of this program on health promotion behavior should be examined in future research.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Development of a standard nutrition management model algorithm for personalized care in social welfare facilities for the disabled
    Su-Jin Lee, Ji-Won Kang, Sil Ah Kim, Kirang Kim, Sohyun Park, Jieun Oh, Hyunjoo Ryou, Ji-Yun Hwang
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2025; 58(5): 498.     CrossRef
  • 3,414 View
  • 131 Download
  • 1 Crossref

Review Article

Prevalence and risk factors of developmental disabilities among preschool children in the Arab world: a narrative literature review
Omar H. Almahmoud, Lubna Abushaikha
Child Health Nurs Res 2023;29(2):101-110.   Published online April 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2023.29.2.101
Purpose
Developmental disabilities (DDs) are a global childhood problem whose prevalence is rising, with a disproportionate impact on individuals in low-and middle-income countries. However, data on the prevalence of DDs in the Arab world are limited. This review highlights what is currently known about the prevalence and risk factors of DDs in preschool children in the Arab world.
Methods
PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched for publications on DDs among preschool children in the Arab world. Only 14 studies were identified in the literature, from 12 Arab countries.
Results
The overall estimated prevalence of DDs among preschool children in the Arab world is 27.5%. An analysis of risk factors for DDs showed that child-related, maternal, and family-related factors account for a significant cumulative risk of developing DDs in preschool children. Maternal factors, such as antenatal and perinatal complications, were the most common risk factors.
Conclusion
The prevalence of DDs among preschoolers is significantly high in the Arab world, which emphasizes the importance of the early detection and diagnosis of DD, as well as its associated risk factors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Bedouin fathers of children with developmental disabilities—Stress, stigma and collaboration with professionals
    I. Manor-Binyamini
    Research in Developmental Disabilities.2025; 157: 104902.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of developmental disability among school-age children in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
    Mohammad E Tamboosi, Sara E Tamboosi, Abdulrahman M Bajaber, Aleyah A Himdi, Balsam A Alqaraf, Eyad N Baakdah, Raghad A Baakhdhar, Zyad M Hakami
    International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent.2025; 12(2): 91.     CrossRef
  • The complex approach of risk factors in the emergence of developmental disorders in children of young age
    Victoria Cepraga, Elena Dolapciu, Dina Bujor, Olga Cirstea, Rodica Eremciuc, Rebeca Cataraga, Adela Horodisteanu-Banuh, Ninel Revenco
    Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. Me.2025; 80(3): 166.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of idiopathic scoliosis among adolescents and associated factors in Palestine
    Omar H. Almahmoud, Baraa Baniodeh, Reem Musleh, Sanabel Asmar, Mohammed Zyada, Hadeel Qattousah
    Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 74: 85.     CrossRef
  • Developmental delay and its demographic and social predictors among preschool-age children in Palestine
    Omar H. Almahmoud, Lubna Abushaikha
    Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 74: 101.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for caregivers of children with developmental disabilities in Saudi Arabia: An observational study
    Mohammed S. Alghamdi, Abdulaziz Awali
    Medicine.2024; 103(32): e39206.     CrossRef
  • Comprehensive evaluation of the child with global developmental delays or intellectual disability
    Abdullah Nasser Aldosari, T. Saeed Aldosari
    Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2024; 67(9): 435.     CrossRef
  • 7,713 View
  • 171 Download
  • 7 Crossref

Original Articles

Purpose
This study examined the effects of an educational program for fathers on improving father-infant interactions, child-rearing knowledge, and attachment.
Methods
In this quasi-experimental study, the participants were recruited by convenience sampling among fathers with infants (2-6 months of age) residing in three districts of Seoul. Fifteen participants in the experimental group and 17 participants in the control group completed the follow-up investigation. A 5-week online and offline intervention program with five sessions was provided to the experimental group. The data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs).
Results
There was a significant difference in the change in father-infant interaction scores of the experimental group, especially in the caregiver aspect with a significance level of .100 in time and group-to-group interactions (B=6.46, p=.051, 95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.02-12.94). The changes between the groups and times were not statistically significant when it came to infant development knowledge and father-infant attachment.
Conclusion
We conclude that hybrid online and offline education should be implemented as an effective method to improve fathers’ interactions with their children based on accurate knowledge about infant development.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A Mobile Health App (mHealth)-Based Post-NICU Discharge Intervention for Parents of Preterm Infants
    Han Na Lee, So Jin Lee, Yun Kyeong Lee, Haeryun Cho
    Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Universal Digital Programs for Promoting Mental and Relational Health for Parents of Young Children: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
    Jessica E. Opie, Timothy B. Esler, Elizabeth M. Clancy, Bradley Wright, Felicity Painter, An Vuong, Anna T. Booth, Louise Newman, Ange Johns-Hayden, Mohajer Hameed, Leesa Hooker, Craig Olsson, Jennifer E. McIntosh
    Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review.2024; 27(1): 23.     CrossRef
  • Digital Parenting Interventions for Fathers of Infants From Conception to the Age of 12 Months: Systematic Review of Mixed Methods Studies
    Elisabeth Bailin Xie, James Wonkyu Jung, Jasleen Kaur, Karen M Benzies, Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen, Elizabeth Keys
    Journal of Medical Internet Research.2023; 25: e43219.     CrossRef
  • Investigating the Effect of Implementing a Web-Based Educational Program on Fathers’ Involvement in Infant Care 0 to 6 Months
    Maryam Bagheri, Elahe Salari, Raziye Malaijerdi, Sakineh Nazari
    Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research.2023; 28(2): 174.     CrossRef
  • 7,318 View
  • 211 Download
  • 4 Crossref
Purpose
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a mobile application focusing on developmental support care for infants born prematurely.
Methods
An application was developed using the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model. In the analysis phase, previous research was evaluated through big data text-mining and a literature review. In the design phase, the preliminary content of the application was designed, and the content validity and comprehension were verified. A hybrid application was developed and used by eight experts and ten users, who evaluated the layout of the mobile application and their satisfaction with it.
Results
The content of the designed application comprised a diary, customized information, developmental play, and community. The mean scores for layout were 3.73±0.47 and 3.43±0.68 out of 4 points among the experts and users, respectively. Users’ mean satisfaction score was 3.70±0.70 out of 5 points.
Conclusion
The information provided by the mobile application was evaluated as consistent and systematic. The application was also found to be satisfactory by infants’ parents. The mobile application developed through this study is expected to be effective in supporting the development of children born prematurely.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A Mobile Health App (mHealth)-Based Post-NICU Discharge Intervention for Parents of Preterm Infants
    Han Na Lee, So Jin Lee, Yun Kyeong Lee, Haeryun Cho
    Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Perfil da produção científica sobre construção, validação e aplicação de tecnologias em enfermagem: estudo bibliométrico
    Fernando Conceição de Lima, Taís dos Passos Sagica, João Lucas Moraes Souza, Marta Lenise do Prado, Mary Elizabeth de Santana, Ivonete Vieira Pereira Peixoto, Rubenilson Caldas Valois
    Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Profile of scientific production on nursing technology construction, validity and application: a bibliometric study
    Fernando Conceição de Lima, Taís dos Passos Sagica, João Lucas Moraes Souza, Marta Lenise do Prado, Mary Elizabeth de Santana, Ivonete Vieira Pereira Peixoto, Rubenilson Caldas Valois
    Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of a Mobile App (KhunLook) Versus the Maternal and Child Health Handbook on Thai Parents’ Health Literacy, Accuracy of Health Assessments, and Convenience of Use: Randomized Controlled Trial
    Rosawan Areemit, Suchaorn Saengnipanthkul, Sumitr Sutra, Pagakrong Lumbiganon, Phenphitcha Pornprasitsakul, Pongsatorn Paopongsawan, Kunwadee Sripanidkulchai
    Journal of Medical Internet Research.2023; 25: e43196.     CrossRef
  • Nurses’ Roles in mHealth App Development: Scoping Review
    Caitlin J Bakker, Tami H Wyatt, Melissa CS Breth, Grace Gao, Lisa M Janeway, Mikyoung A Lee, Christie L Martin, Victoria L Tiase
    JMIR Nursing.2023; 6: e46058.     CrossRef
  • 6,317 View
  • 173 Download
  • 5 Crossref

Review Article

Analysis of research on developmentally supportive care for prematurity in neonatal intensive care unit: a scoping review
Hanna Lee, Ji Hyeon Park, Haeryun Cho
Child Health Nurs Res 2022;28(1):9-22.   Published online January 28, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2022.28.1.9
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the gaps in research related to developmentally supportive care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The ultimate goal was to explore directions of further research on developmentally supportive care for premature patients.
Methods
The Arksey and O'Malley scoping review method was used. Articles on developmentally supportive care for preterm infants in the NICU, written in English or Korean, were identified through electronic search engines. A total of 279 papers were identified in the initial search, of which 22 full-text papers were included in this review.
Results
Several nursing studies have been published in the past 5 years. The important elements of developmentally supportive care were family-centered care and management of the NICU environment. The primary developmentally supportive care interventions were training programs to promote the care competency of NICU nurses.
Conclusion
It is necessary to actively develop comprehensive developmental support interventions that consider the various elements of developmentally supportive care for preterm infants. Additional studies should be done to develop programs that provide direct intervention for premature infant and their families.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Innovation in nursing led maternal and infant care: emerging trends and impact in Indian clinical setting
    Riya Patel Shukal, Kavita V. Matere, Phanindrareddy Badduri, Mohammed Umar, Pooja Bakshi, Selvi R., Yamunadevi Shanmugam, Dana Baby, Regina P. F., Anne Roslin, Suhashini
    International Journal of Reproduction, Contracepti.2026; 15(2): 695.     CrossRef
  • Health Workers' Knowledge and Practice of Developmentally Supportive Care for Premature Infants in Four Ugandan Neonatal Units: A Cross‐Sectional Study
    Zelee Hill, Victoria Nakibuuka, Robert Serunjogi, Robert Ssekitoleko, Ritah Nasiima, Sanyu Nalunga‐Atuhe, James Nyonyintono, Albert Kamugisha
    Health Science Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceived self-competence of individualized developmentally supportive care in Jordanian NICUs
    Jumana A. Abuhammor, Hala M. Obeidat, Hanan D. Al Obieat, Eman M. Harb, Nadin M. Abdel Razeq, Raed Shudifat, Ahmad Al-Duhoun
    Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2026; 32(3): 101822.     CrossRef
  • Content Validity for the NICU Caregiver Behavior Checklist
    Amy Carroll, Cecilia Roan, Catherine Verrier Piersol, Michele Kacmarcik Savin
    Nursing for Women's Health.2025; 29(1): 44.     CrossRef
  • Assessing Developmentally Supportive Care in Neonatal Nursing in China
    Qian Sun, Jing Wang, Jiuqiao Xu, Longyan Wu
    AJN, American Journal of Nursing.2025; 125(7): e1.     CrossRef
  • Developmental supportive care in preterm and low birth weight neonates
    Rinki H. Shah, Ridhdhi D. Dangar
    International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics.2025; 12(8): 1372.     CrossRef
  • Comprehensive Overview of Preterm Developmental Supportive Care: Narrative Review
    Hasan Saud Abdul Hussein, Adraa Hussein Shawq
    International Journal of Child Health and Nutritio.2025; 14(4): 408.     CrossRef
  • Rectal Stimulation in Premature and Full-Term Newborns: A Narrative Review
    Silvia Rossi, Simona Calza, Chiara De Rosa, Giulia Ottonello, Nicoletta Dasso, Roberta Da Rin Della Mora, Ilaria Artuso, Giuseppe Minniti Caracciolo, Simona Serveli, Silvia Scelsi
    Children.2025; 12(12): 1656.     CrossRef
  • Application and effect of developmental supportive care on growth and neurobehavioral development in preterm infants
    Xiaoqing Niu, Ling Li, Yachao Jing
    Frontiers in Pediatrics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Competency based performance of mothers on preterm neonatal care through Neonatal Integrative Developmental Care (NIDC) interventions: An interventional pilot project
    Sandra Jyothi Saldanha, Veena Gretta Tauro
    Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2024; 30(2): 130.     CrossRef
  • Maternal Participation in Sensory Care of Preemies: A Pilot Study Examining the Effect on Neonatal Outcome in NICU
    Renilda Shanthi Lobo, Theresa Leonilda Mendonca
    Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU.2024; 14(02): 202.     CrossRef
  • Effects of white noise on preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: A meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
    Qing Zhang, Qiugui Huo, Peizhen Chen, Wenying Yao, Zhihong Ni
    Nursing Open.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Exploring Effect of Postdischarge Developmental Support Program on Preterm Infant Neurodevelopment and BDNF Gene DNA Methylation
    Jun Zhang, Mi Cao, Shaoting Yue, Jingmin Yan, Yanyan Shang
    Advances in Neonatal Care.2023; 23(2): E50.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of Nicu nurses’ competence enhancement program for developmentally supportive care for preterm infants: A quasi-experimental study
    Han Na Lee, Haeryun Cho
    Heliyon.2023; 9(1): e12944.     CrossRef
  • Knowledge and perception on developmentally supportive care for preterm babies among staff nurses working in the neonatal intensive care unit of Tertiary Care Center in South India
    Lavanya Subhashini, V Saritha, Monappa
    BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences.2023; 8(1): 69.     CrossRef
  • 10,986 View
  • 434 Download
  • 15 Crossref

Original Articles

Growth patterns and nutritional status of small for gestational age infants in Malaysia during the first year of life
Norain Ahmad, Rosnah Sutan, Azmi Mohd Tamil, Noriah Hajib
Child Health Nurs Res 2021;27(4):317-327.   Published online October 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2021.27.4.317
Purpose
This study aimed to identify small for gestational age (SGA) infants' growth patterns, nutritional status, and associated factors.
Methods
This prospective cohort study was conducted at primary-care child health clinics in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The sample consisted of infants who fulfilled the criteria and were born in 2019. The anthropometric data of infants were assessed at birth and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.
Results
A total of 328 infants were analysed. In total, 27.7%(n=91) of the subjects were SGA infants, and 237 of them were not. Significant differences in the median weight-for-age and length-for-age z-scores were observed between SGA and non-SGA infants at birth, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. There was a significant difference between the growth patterns of SGA and non-SGA infants. Birth weight and sex significantly predicted the nutritional status(stunting and underweight) of SGA infants during their first year of life.
Conclusion
SGA infants can catch up to achieve normal growth during their first year of life. Even though the nutritional status of SGA infants trends worse than non-SGA infants, adequate infant birth weight monitoring and an emphasis on nutritional advice are crucial for maintaining well-being.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Directed acyclic graph helps to understand the causality of malnutrition in under-5 children born small for gestational age
    Soumya Tiwari, Viswas Chhapola, Nisha Chaudhary, Lokesh Sharma
    Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2025; 177: 111611.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the multifactorial predictors of stunting in children under five: A systematic review of the literature, 2015–2024
    Heti Ira Ayue, Nurdiana Nurdiana, Viera Wardhani, Ani Budi Astuti, Heri Prayitno, Agung Dwi Laksono, Tonny Sundjaya
    Journal of Public Health Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Stunting predictors among children aged 0-24 months in Southeast Asia: a scoping review
    Via Eliadora Togatorop, Laili Rahayuwati, Raini Diah Susanti, Julianus Yudhistira Tan
    Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Trajectory Patterns of Weight and Length in Children: From Birth Until 2-Years of Age
    Lais dos Santos, Andressa Cristino de Oliveira, Rafaela Marcondes Silva Lotz, Fernanda Manera, Renata Cordeiro Fernandes, Barbara Moreira Castilho, Doroteia Aparecida Höfelmann
    Journal of the American Nutrition Association.2024; 43(8): 686.     CrossRef
  • Growth Status of Full-Term Infants with Different Sizes for Gestational Age During the First Year of Life
    Zhuo-Ren Zhou, Yong Guo
    Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics.2024; Volume 15: 265.     CrossRef
  • Journal statistics, directions for development, and appreciation for reviewers
    Hyun Young Koo
    Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(1): 5.     CrossRef
  • 8,893 View
  • 159 Download
  • 6 Crossref
The Let’s Eat Healthy and Move at School program for adolescents in South Korea: Program design, implementation, and evaluation plan using intervention mapping
Jiyoung Park, Gill A. Ten Hoor, Seolhyang Baek, Sochung Chung, Yang-Hyun Kim, Gahui Hwang
Child Health Nurs Res 2021;27(3):225-242.   Published online July 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2021.27.3.225
Purpose
This study aimed to systematically develop an obesity prevention program for adolescents to promote healthy eating and physical activity in schools.
Methods
The development of the Let's Eat Healthy and Move at School program for adolescents followed the six steps of intervention mapping (IM). IM is a widely used protocol for developing systematic and effective interventions based on theories and evidence.
Results
To better understand the problem and identify the needs of adolescents, interviews were conducted with teachers, school nurses, and students (step 1). In step 2, the desired behaviors and their determinants were established and combined into a matrix comprising 16 change objectives. In step 3, theoretical methods such as persuasive communication and consciousness-raising were chosen. The program was segmented into three educational activity sessions in step 4. In step 5, an implementation manual was developed for program instructors to ensure effective and accurate implementation. Finally, practices for evaluating the program's effectiveness and procedures were designed in step 6.
Conclusion
The Let’s Eat Healthy and Move at School program will provide adolescents with guidelines to promote healthy living and prevent obesity in everyday life using strategies for sustainable adolescent obesity prevention and management.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Healthier School Systems for Learners: Government Role in Fostering Holistic Interventions
    Nsikakabasi Samuel George, Deborah Oluwaseun Shomuyiwa, Molly Unoh Ogbodum, Francis Ima Imoke, Alicja Domagała
    Journal of Education and Community Health.2024; 11(2): 112.     CrossRef
  • 8,710 View
  • 344 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Development of a violence prevention educational program for elementary school children using empathy (VPEP-E)
So Ra Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim, Jungmin Lee
Child Health Nurs Res 2020;26(4):422-433.   Published online October 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2020.26.4.422
Purpose
This study describes the development of a violence prevention educational program for elementary school children using empathy (VPEP-E) that teachers can use during class.
Methods
Hoffman's theory of empathy and Seels and Richey's (1994) ADDIE model were applied to develop this program.
Results
The developed program consisted of eight sessions: Orientation/definition of violence and empathy, types and boundaries of violence, look into my feelings, say it with a facial expression, preventing non-empathic violence due to social prejudice, preventing physical violence, verbal and online violence prevention: empathic conversation, and I can do well: review of the whole curriculum. The program was evaluated by 15 elementary school teachers, who considered it to be easily accessible to elementary school students. The final VPEP-E, which will be provided in eight times for 40 minutes each for fifth-grade students, will provide a basis for preventing violence by fostering empathy.
Conclusion
We expect the developed educational program to be effective in preventing violence among elementary school students. However, further research involving children from various age groups is needed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Comparación de Estrategias de Prevención contra la Violencia Escolar a Nivel Internacional
    Nélsido Félix Polanco
    Sciencevolution.2025; 4(2): 58.     CrossRef
  • 8,324 View
  • 233 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Factors Influencing Developmental Care Performance among Neonatal Intensive Care Units Nurses
Hyemi Hong, Hyun-Mi Son
Child Health Nurs Res 2020;26(2):131-139.   Published online April 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2020.26.2.131
Purpose
This study was conducted to identify factors related to developmental care performance among neonatal intensive care units (NICU) nurses.
Methods
The participants were 139 nurses who had provided care to premature infants for more than 6 months and were recruited from the NICU of 8 hospitals. Data were collected from September 1 to December 1, 2017 through questionnaires that encompassed developmental care performance, developmental care perceptions, and the nursing work environment.
Results
More than half (51.8%) of the participants responded that they had never received developmental care education, and for 89.6% of those who had received developmental care education, it was a one-time event. The average developmental care performance of NICU nurses was 0.81, with a range of 0.5~1 point. Multiple regression analysis, demonstrated that the nursing work environment (β=.27, p=.001) and developmental care perceptions (β=.23, p=.004) influenced developmental care performance, with a total explanatory power of 14%.
Conclusion
Based on these results, developmental care education for the NICU nurses must be provided systematically. In addition, strategies to improve nurses' perceptions of developmental care and to provide appropriate support for the nursing work environment can promote developmental care performance.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Health Workers' Knowledge and Practice of Developmentally Supportive Care for Premature Infants in Four Ugandan Neonatal Units: A Cross‐Sectional Study
    Zelee Hill, Victoria Nakibuuka, Robert Serunjogi, Robert Ssekitoleko, Ritah Nasiima, Sanyu Nalunga‐Atuhe, James Nyonyintono, Albert Kamugisha
    Health Science Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • “Effectiveness of a Multimodal Teaching Program on Nurses” Knowledge Acquisition, Practice, and Perception of Neurodevelopmental Supportive Care in NICU: A Non-randomized Controlled Trial
    Raghu V A, Manju Vatsa, Neeraj Gupta, Latha, Thuileiphy T
    Journal of Neonatology.2025; 39(4): 341.     CrossRef
  • Nurses’ perspectives on implementing sleep protection for premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: a qualitative study
    Yujing Gu, Yunfei Tang, Yan Xue, Juan Wu, Jun Xie
    BMC Health Services Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Cross‐Sectional Study on Nurse‐Parent Partnership in the Pediatric Intensive Care Units
    Premalatha Paulsamy, Shadia Hamoud Alshahrani, Krishnaraju Venkatesan, Kousalya Prabahar, Manjula Gopinathan Bhagavathy, Mathar Mohideen Nagoor Thangam, Vinoth Prabhu Veeramani, Samya Mohamed Hegazy, Rehab Ahmed, Vigneshwaran Easwaran, Haseena T. A., Hala
    International Journal of Clinical Practice.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Korean nurses’ knowledge, opinions and current practice of trauma-informed pediatric nursing care in South Korea: a descriptive study
    Kyung-Sook Bang, Sun Woo Hong, Hwal Lan Bang, Ji-Hye Choe, Sinyoung Choi
    Child Health Nursing Research.2024; 30(4): 309.     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing neonatal intensive care unit nurses' parent partnership development
    Eun Kyoung Kim, In Young Cho, Ji Yeong Yun, Bobae Park
    Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2023; 68: e27.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of Nicu nurses’ competence enhancement program for developmentally supportive care for preterm infants: A quasi-experimental study
    Han Na Lee, Haeryun Cho
    Heliyon.2023; 9(1): e12944.     CrossRef
  • Developmentally Supportive Care Among Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses in South Korea
    Han Na Lee, Ji Hyeon Park, Haeryun Cho
    Advances in Neonatal Care.2023; 23(3): E60.     CrossRef
  • Preterm Infant Care Practice among Nurses in Neonatal Care Units of Selected Hospitals of Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Tumla Shrestha, Archana Pandey Bista, Sarala Shrestha, Radhika Regmi, Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh
    Nursing Forum.2023; 2023: 1.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Neonatal Supportive Positioning Training Video Program for Preterm Infants on the Knowledge and Performance of Nurses in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
    Hyun Jin Moon, Kyung Sook Cho, Mi Young An, Dong Woo Son
    Asian Nursing Research.2022; 16(1): 25.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of research on developmentally supportive care for prematurity in neonatal intensive care unit: a scoping review
    Hanna Lee, Ji Hyeon Park, Haeryun Cho
    Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(1): 9.     CrossRef
  • Missed nursing care and its influencing factors among neonatal intensive care unit nurses in South Korea: a descriptive study
    Soohyun Kim, Sun-Mi Chae
    Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(2): 142.     CrossRef
  • Simulation Training Needs of Nurses for Nursing High-Risk Premature Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Sun-Yi Yang
    Healthcare.2022; 10(11): 2197.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of the educational needs of nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit for developmental supportive care
    Da-Ae Shin, Kyung-Sook Bang
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2021; 27(3): 261.     CrossRef
  • 10,142 View
  • 552 Download
  • 14 Crossref
Cognitive Ability and Related Factors in Preschoolers Born Prematurely
Young Mee Ahn, Sangmi Lee
Child Health Nurs Res 2019;25(4):468-476.   Published online October 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2019.25.4.468
Purpose
This study was conducted to evaluate cognitive ability in preschoolers born prematurely and to investigate related factors.
Methods
A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted with 64 children at 5-6 years of corrected age (CA) (second follow-up) among 76 children who had been assessed at 2.0~3.5 years of CA (first follow-up) from a sample of 343 preterm infants born from 2008 to 2010. To evaluate each child’s cognitive ability, during a home visit, we used the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-II (KABC-II) at the second follow-up. To explore factors related to cognitive ability, we measured children’s hemoglobin level at the second follow-up and used the data collected in our previous study, including the Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II (BSID-II) at the first follow-up.
Results
The mean total KABC-II quotient was 117.0±14.4. The 5-minute Apgar score (β=.29, p=.006), hemoglobin level (β=.22, p=.032), and the mental development index quotient of the BSID-II (β=.51, p<.001) were statistically significant predictors of the KABC-II quotient in multiple linear regression analysis.
Conclusion
The cognitive function of young children born prematurely was influenced by early neurodevelopment and factors reflecting their health status, such as anemia and a low 5-minute Apgar score.

Citations

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  • Effect of a Follow-up Program Involving an Early Intervention and Self-help Group on Parenting Stress, Depression, and Parenting Efficacy for Mothers of Premature Infants
    Eun Sun Ji, Jinhee Choi, Kaka Shim
    Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2023; 27(4): 256.     CrossRef
  • 8,586 View
  • 295 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Purpose
The study aimed to develop a play toolkit to facilitate infants’ and toddlers' symbolic thought and fine motor development.
Methods
This study used a methodological study design including two phases of development and evaluation. After reviewing the play culture and developmental health issues in Kyrgyzstan through a literature review and interviews with local experts and parents, the toolkit was developed and evaluated using content validity and utilization tests.
Results
The toolkit was based on Westby’s symbolic play and the fine motor milestones in the Bright Futures Guidelines. The Toolkits were composed of an overall suggested play schedule according to the child’s age, four kinds of play props, and a utilization guidebook for parents. The play props were a felt book, sorting and assembling blocks, cup blocks, and a tangram. The guidebook contained age-appropriate operating methods and alternative ways to use the materials.
Conclusion
A play toolkit was developed to enhance nurturing practices among parents of infants and toddlers. The findings may help facilitate effective interactions between parents and their children. Considering that nurturing care is critical for achieving better child health outcomes, enhancing parenting resources and parent-child relations could function as an effective strategy for promoting child health.
  • 10,337 View
  • 176 Download
Development of an Aggression Scale for Adolescents: Based on Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior
Sook Jang, Hye Young Ahn
Child Health Nurs Res 2018;24(4):484-495.   Published online October 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2018.24.4.484
Purpose
This study was conducted to develop a scale for measuring aggression in adolescents, based on Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).
Methods
The participants were 38 adolescents in an in-depth study conducted to develop items for indirect measurement, 13 adolescents in a pre-test, and 289 adolescents in the present survey. The collected data were analyzed using content validity, the correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, and the Cronbach's ⍺.
Results
In this study, the most important variable related to aggression was found to be aggression intention. This study included 4 factors of direct measurement and 6 factors of indirect measurement; therefore, 41 questions were developed. Increased levels of aggression were associated with higher scores for attitudes of aggression, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and aggression intention.
Conclusion
We found that the questionnaire used in this study was valid and reliable as a measurement scale to explain aggression in adolescents based on TPB. Aggression intention should be included in aggression prevention programs because it was linked to aggressive behavior.

Citations

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  • Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Tehran Adolescent Aggression Scale: A Mixed-Methods Study
    Shahrzad Sanjari, Abbas Tavan, Hamidrezaa Abbasi, Azita Salajegheh, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Soliemani, Leila Bayat Mokhtari
    Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Scien.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Structural Model for Aggression in Middle School Students in Korea: Based on Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior
    Sook Jang, Hye Young Ahn
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2023; 20(2): 1576.     CrossRef
  • 11,729 View
  • 175 Download
  • 2 Crossref

Original article

Factors Related to the Development of Premature Infants at 12 and 24 Months Age: A Prospective Study
Kyung-Sook Bang, Hyun-Ju Kang
Child Health Nurs Res 2018;24(1):58-67.   Published online January 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2018.24.1.58
Purpose
This prospective study aimed to examine the development of premature infants at 12 and 24 months and to explore the factors related to their development.
Methods
Of the 80 premature infants who were recruited, 52 participants at 12 months and 31 participants at 24 months were included in this study. The development of the infants was examined using the Korean Bayley scale of infant development-II. Postnatal depression, husband’s support, social support, mother-infant attachment, and the home environment were assessed using self-report questionnaires completed by the mothers and through the researcher’s observations.
Results
There was significant difference between normal and delay group at psychomotor development at 12 months depending on social support at 6 months (t=2.03, p=.049). Mother-infant attachment at 6 months (r=.71, p<.001), 12 months (r=.37, p=.043), and 24 months (r=.40, p=.026), as well as social support (r=.38, p=.034) and the home environment (r=.41, p=.022) at 24 months, were correlated to mental development at 24 months. There was a significant positive correlation between mother-infant attachment at 6 months and psychomotor development at 24 months (r=.40, p=.046).
Conclusion
To reduce the risk of developmental delay and to promote healthy development in premature infants, early nursing interventions targeting mother-infant attachment, the home environment, and the mother’s social support structure are needed.

Citations

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  • Early Parenting Interventions to Enhance Development in Infants and Children Born Prematurely: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Won-Oak Oh, Yoo-Jin Heo
    Journal of Pediatric Health Care.2024; 38(6): e1.     CrossRef
  • Effect of a Follow-up Program Involving an Early Intervention and Self-help Group on Parenting Stress, Depression, and Parenting Efficacy for Mothers of Premature Infants
    Eun Sun Ji, Jinhee Choi, Kaka Shim
    Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2023; 27(4): 256.     CrossRef
  • Parenting Experience of Prematurity Parents Based on Grounded Theory
    Jeong Soon Kim
    Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2019; 23(4): 232.     CrossRef
  • Cognitive Ability and Related Factors in Preschoolers Born Prematurely
    Young Mee Ahn, Sangmi Lee
    Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 468.     CrossRef
  • 10,570 View
  • 385 Download
  • 4 Crossref

Original Articles

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine how child development knowledge, child rearing knowledge, and use of healthcare services after discharge affect maternal confidence among mothers of premature infants.
Methods
Participants in this study were 55 mothers who were involved in internet communities for mothers with premature infants and 30 mothers who visited hospitals for follow up care after having their babies discharged from Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) in South Korea.
Results
Presence of operation history, child development and rearing knowledge, and use of healthcare service explained 12.2% of maternal confidence. Presence of operation history (β=.32, p<.05) and child development knowledge (β=.52, p<.05) were significant predictors for maternal confidence.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that mothers with premature infants need further education especially on motor development, developmental knowledge, and knowledge related to operations for mothers whose child had surgery in the NICU. Also information about services provided from community health services for premature infants need to be advertised and distributed.

Citations

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  • Development of a mobile application focusing on developmental support care for Korean infants born prematurely: a methodological study
    Ji Hyeon Park, Haeryun Cho
    Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(2): 112.     CrossRef
  • Addressing the Needs of Mothers with Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Secondary Analysis
    Ah Rim Kim
    Asian Nursing Research.2020; 14(5): 327.     CrossRef
  • Ecological predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among children from low-income families in South Korea
    Jiyoung Park, Suyon Baek
    Children and Youth Services Review.2017; 81: 238.     CrossRef
  • 11,061 View
  • 338 Download
  • 3 Crossref
Health in Optimal Fitness and its Related Factors in Young Korean Children Born Prematurely
Sangmi Lee, Min Sohn, Shinjeong Kim, Sunha Choi, Yonghoon Jun, Young Mee Ahn
Child Health Nurs Res 2016;22(4):336-345.   Published online October 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2016.22.4.336
Purpose
This study was conducted to describe health in optimal fitness (HOF) in young children born prematurely and to analyze factors affecting HOF in health status, investment resources, and anthropological values, based on HOF theory.
Methods
A case-control study of 76 children with preterm births (PTB) was conducted at 24 to 42 months of corrected age. Their HOF status was evaluated based on height, weight, head circumference, and the Korean-Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II and classified as either HOF-achieved or HOF-uncertain in the domain of growth, development, and all together.
Results
For growth, development, and all, 26.3%, 27.6%, and 47.4% of children, respectively, belonged to the HOF-uncertain group. Logistic regression analysis showed that longer length of hospital stay (≥21 days; OR=7.8; 95% CI [1.5, 40.5]), worse scores on the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) (≥38; OR=0.1; 95% CI [0.0, 0.4]), having a working mother, (OR=5.7; 95% CI [1.2, 27.6]), and an older mother (≥35 years; OR=8.8; 95% CI [2.1, 37.3]) were statistically significant contributors of HOF-uncertain in the domain of all.
Conclusion
Findings show that young children born prematurely with prolonged stays in a neonatal intensive care unit and insufficient socioeconomic resources at home are more likely to exhibit delayed growth and development.

Citations

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  • Cognitive Ability and Related Factors in Preschoolers Born Prematurely
    Young Mee Ahn, Sangmi Lee
    Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 468.     CrossRef
  • 11,322 View
  • 177 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Prospective Study on Factors Related to Development in Premature Infants at Six-Months
Kyung-Sook Bang, Hyun-Ju Kang, Buhyun Lee, Mi-Kyung Kwon
Child Health Nurs Res 2016;22(3):199-206.   Published online July 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2016.22.3.199
Purpose
This study was conducted to monitor the development of Korean premature infant at six-month age and to explore factors related to developmental status of the premature infants.
Methods
Participants were 58 premature infants whose corrected age was six-months old and their mothers. The developmental states of infants were followed-up with the Korean Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire (KPDQ-II). Clinical characteristics of the infants were identified from the medical records. Other characteristics including Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, husband’s support, social support, and mother-infant attachment were assessed using self-report questionnaires from the mothers.
Results
Forty three percent of the infants were in the group of questionable status of development on the KPDQ-II. There were significant differences between the premature infants with normal developmental status and those with questionable developmental status depending on gender (χ2 = 5.03, p = .034), gestational age (t = 2.59, p = .012), hospital stay (p = .013), revised Neurobiologic Risk Score (p = .005) and mother-infant attachment score (t = 2.12, p = .040).
Conclusion
Mother-infant attachment, as well as physiological state of premature infants, is an important variable in early development. Therefore, early monitoring for the development has to be done for physiologically vulnerable premature groups. Also, providing proper nursing support to improve maternal attachment needs to be considered.

Citations

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  • Developmental Characteristics of High‐Risk Infants According to the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition
    Ju‐Young Park, Nam‐Hae Jung
    Child: Care, Health and Development.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pilot Study to Develop the Korean Screening Index of Early Development-Parent Form
    Hyo-Jeong Jeon, Eun-Kyoung Goh, Min-Jung Kim, Eun-Seol Kim
    Korean Journal of Child Studies.2025; 46(2): 37.     CrossRef
  • Perception and Educational Needs of Developmentally Supportive Care At-Home for Parents of Pre-Term Newborns
    Jeong Soon Kim, Hae Ran Kim
    Healthcare.2023; 11(12): 1700.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of a Continuous Olfactory Stimulation Using Breast Milk (COSB) on Behavioral State and Physiological Responses in Korean Premature Infants
    Young Ah Park, Yeo Jin Im
    Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2020; 53: e114.     CrossRef
  • Factors Related to the Development of Premature Infants at 12 and 24 Months Age: A Prospective Study
    Kyung-Sook Bang, Hyun-Ju Kang
    Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 58.     CrossRef
  • Characteristics of Temperament of Preterm Toddlers and Their Relation to Early Language and Communication Development
    YoonKyoung Lee, Jiyoung Lee
    Communication Sciences & Disorders.2017; 22(3): 458.     CrossRef
  • 12,876 View
  • 240 Download
  • 6 Crossref
Development and Effect of a Cultural Competency Promotion Program for Nurses in Obstetrics-Gynecology and Pediatrics
Minji Je, Hyun-Mi Son, Young-Hae Kim
Child Health Nurs Res 2015;21(2):151-159.   Published online April 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2015.21.2.151
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the effect of a cultural competency promotion program for nurses in obstetrics-gynecology and pediatrics.
Methods
The cultural competency promotion program was developed through the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) steps. In this quasi-experimental study, 30 nurses in obstetrics-gynecology and pediatrics were assigned to the experimental group and 34 nurses were assigned to the control group. The experimental group received this program once a week for four weeks and each class lasted one hour. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, X2-test and Fisher’s exact test with the IBM SPSS Statistics version 21.0 program.
Results
After attending the program, cultural competency (t = 8.30, p < .001) increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. There were also significant differences between two groups in cultural awareness (t = 7.53, p < .001), cultural attitude (t = 6.41, p < .001), and cultural knowledge & skills (t = 7.79, p < .001) as components of cultural competency.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that this cultural competency program is effective and efficient for nurses in obstetrics-gynecology and pediatrics and can help nurses provide appropriate multicultural nursing care in multicultural society.

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  • Development for a concept mapping multicultural education program for Mother and Baby Unit nurses: a quasi-experimental study in South Korea
    Dahae Kang, Soonyoung Shon
    Child Health Nursing Research.2025; 31(1): 52.     CrossRef
  • Effect of a mobile app-based cultural competence training program for nurses: A pre- and posttest design
    Sumi Sung, Hyeoun-Ae Park
    Nurse Education Today.2021; 99: 104795.     CrossRef
  • Adaptation Process of Korean Fathers within Multicultural Families in Korea
    So-Yeon Park, Suhyun Kim, Hyang-In Cho Chung
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(11): 5935.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of cultural competence educational interventions on health professionals and patient outcomes: A systematic review
    Duckhee Chae, Jinhee Kim, Suhee Kim, Jina Lee, Seojin Park
    Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Organisational cultural competence needed to care for foreign patients: A focus on nursing management
    Duckhee Chae, Yunhee Park
    Journal of Nursing Management.2019; 27(1): 197.     CrossRef
  • Agreement on Core Components of an E-Learning Cultural Competence Program for Public Health Workers in South Korea: A Delphi Study
    Duckhee Chae, Hyunlye Kim, Jae Yong Yoo, Jina Lee
    Asian Nursing Research.2019; 13(3): 184.     CrossRef
  • Experience of migrant care and needs for cultural competence training among public health workers in Korea
    Duckhee Chae, Jina Lee, Keiko Asami, Hyunlye Kim
    Public Health Nursing.2018; 35(3): 211.     CrossRef
  • Effects of the Culturally Sensitive Education of Perinatal Care on Knowledge, Skills, and Self-Efficacy among Korean Husbands and Vietnamese Wives
    Youngmee Kim, Kap-Chul Cho
    Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(4): 515.     CrossRef
  • 13,242 View
  • 237 Download
  • 8 Crossref
School Adaptation Program for School-Age Children with Emotional and Behavioral Problems
Haeryun Cho, Shin-Jeong Kim, Myung Soon Kwon, Jina Oh, Woojae Han
Child Health Nurs Res 2015;21(2):141-150.   Published online April 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2015.21.2.141
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a school adaptation program (SAP) for school-age children with emotional and behavioral problems who attended public elementary schools.
Methods
SAP, developed by the authors, addresses school adaptation and academic efficacy and consists of 10 sessions based on five categories (i.e., school life, classroom activity, relationship with friends, relationship with teacher, and school environment). Sixteen children with emotional and behavior problems answered questionnaires before and after participation in the program.
Results
The results showed that there was a significant difference between pre and post-test on school adaptation (t=-2.78, p = .015) and academic efficacy (t = -4.62, p < .001) after the 10 sessions of SAP.
Conclusion
The results indicate that SAP can could serve as a practical program for school nurses and teachers. Further studies based on SAP in various school settings are recommended.
  • 11,638 View
  • 722 Download
Physical and Psychological Health Status of North Korean Defector Children.
In Sook Lee, Ho Ran Park, Yun Soo Kim, Hyun Jeong Park
J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs 2011;17(4):256-263.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/jkachn.2011.17.4.256
PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the physical and psychological health status of North Korean defector children and identify associated factors.
METHODS
The participants in the study were 103 children ranging in age from 7 to 14 years old. Physical health status was evaluated through height and weight measurements as well as clinical laboratory results. Psychological health status was assessed using structured survey interviews. Data were analyzed utilizing Pearson correlation coefficients, t-test, ANOVA, and descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
On arrival in South Korea, 19% of the children did not meet the child growth standards of South Koreans for height and 15% for weight. However, twelve weeks after, these percentages had decreased significantly. It found that 38.5% of children presented mild posttraumatic reaction and 40.4% presented moderate reaction. Scores for externalizing and internalizing behavior problems were 0.38+/-0.30 and 0.59+/-0.36 respectively. Posttraumatic reaction was higher in girls (t=0.41, p=.03), and boys showed higher externalizing problems (t=2.04, p=.04). Externalizing problems were correlated with gender and internalizing problems were associated with posttraumatic reactions and externalizing problems.
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate that North Korean defector children need timely developmental assessments and tailored intervention programs to meet child growth standards need to be developed.

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    Seong-Woo Choi, So-Yeong Kim
    BMJ Open.2025; 15(7): e091072.     CrossRef
  • Changes in the Prevalence of Malnutrition and Obesity of Children from North Korean Refugee Families in South Korea: Three Repeated Surveys from 2017 to 2023
    Seong-Woo Choi, So-Yeong Kim
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2024; 49(3): 224.     CrossRef
  • The growth status of North Korean refugee adolescents in South Korea: comparison with South Korean adolescents
    So-Yeong Kim, Hye-Min Ku, Seong-Woo Choi
    Annals of Human Biology.2023; 50(1): 148.     CrossRef
  • Changes in the Nutritional Status of Children from North Korean Refugee Families Following Resettlement in South Korea
    So-Yeong Kim, Hyae-Min Gu, Seong-Woo Choi
    Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2023; 27(2): 102.     CrossRef
  • North Korean Children's Health and the Role of Maternal and Child Health Experts
    Seong-Woo Choi
    Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2022; 26(3): 140.     CrossRef
  • Reciprocal Prediction between Impulsivity and Problematic Internet Use among North Korean Refugee Youths in South Korea by Gender and Adverse Childhood Experience
    Eun-Sun Lee, Minji Lee, Jin Yong Jun, Subin Park
    Psychiatry Investigation.2021; 18(3): 225.     CrossRef
  • Changes in health status of North Korean children and emerging health challenges of North Korean refugee children
    Seong-Woo Choi
    Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2021; 64(11): 552.     CrossRef
  • Comparing the nutritional status of children and adolescents from North Korean defector families and South Korean families
    So-Yeong Kim, Seong-Woo Choi, Jong Park, So-Yeon Ryu, Mi-Ah Han, Sun-Young Park
    BMJ Open.2021; 11(10): e052059.     CrossRef
  • Growth and Nutritional Status of Children in North Korean Refugee Families
    Seong-Woo Choi
    Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2020; 24(2): 96.     CrossRef
  • Double burden of malnutrition and obesity in children and adolescents from North Korean refugee families
    So-Young Kim, Seong-Woo Choi, Madhavi Bhargava
    PLOS ONE.2020; 15(11): e0241963.     CrossRef
  • Low Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Is Prevalent among North Korean Refugees in South Korea
    Young-Soo Song, Seong-Woo Choi
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2018; 39(3): 161.     CrossRef
  • Mental health status of North Korean refugees in South Korea and risk and protective factors: a 10-year review of the literature
    Yeeun Lee, Minji Lee, Subin Park
    European Journal of Psychotraumatology.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors Affecting Depressive Symptoms among North Korean Adolescent Refugees Residing in South Korea
    Subin Park, Minji Lee, Jin Jeon
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2017; 14(8): 912.     CrossRef
  • Health Behavior and Factors Associated with Depression in North Korean Adolescent Defectors in South Korea: The Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, 2011–2014
    Min Joung Kim, Seon Yeong Yu, Sunyoung Kim, Chang Won Won, Hyunrim Choi, Byung Sung Kim
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2017; 38(5): 256.     CrossRef
  • Awareness of Korean Unification and Health Care in Healthcare Professional Students
    Kyung Jin Jang, Yoon Ki Seoung, Su Hyun Yoon, Hye Seung Chumg, Soo Hyang Kim, You Lee Yang, Sang Hui Chu
    Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2016; 30(3): 456.     CrossRef
  • Children's Mental Health in Multicultural Family and North Korean Defectors in South Korea
    So Hee Lee, Sun Hea Lee
    Journal of korean Academy of Child and Adolescent .2013; 24(3): 124.     CrossRef
  • Development and Effects of a Health Education Program for North Korean Preschool Defectors
    In Sook Lee, Ho Ran Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(4): 478.     CrossRef
  • Influencing Factors on the Health Promotion Behaviors of North Korean Refugee Adolescent in a Specialization School
    Eunkyoung Jun, Jinhwa Lee, Soon-Lae Kim, Min-Jeoung Kang, InSook Kwon
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2013; 30(3): 13.     CrossRef
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  • 18 Crossref
Evaluation of Physical Growth and Developmental Status of Infants and Children of Married Immigrant Women in Rural Areas.
Tae Im Kim, Mi Jong Kim, Yun Jung Kwon, Man Kil Jun
J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs 2010;16(2):164-174.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/jkachn.2010.16.2.164
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical growth and developmental status of infants and children of married immigrant women.
METHODS
The participants were 92 infants and children aged from birth to 6 yr whose mothers were married immigrant women living in one rural area. Physical growth and developmental status were evaluated by using anthropometric assessment, and Korean Denver II developmental screening test.
RESULTS
Of the participants, 10.8% were below the 3rd percentile for weight, 13.0% for length, 5.4% for head circumference, and from 69.6% to 79.3% were distributed below the 50th percentile on growth charts. Further, 18.5% were classified as having questionable development. Factors related to low physical growth in infants and children were mother's weight and mother's level in Korean language classes.
CONCLUSION
The physical growth and developmental status of children is vulnerable and serious. The study results suggest a need for regular growth and developmental evaluations. Political support is important for these mothers. In addition, there also is a need to develop early intervention strategies to promote growth and development of the infants and children of these married immigrant women.

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    Seungjin Kang, Woojin Chung, Heejin Kim, Sunmi Lee
    Health Policy and Management.2014; 24(3): 261.     CrossRef
  • Predicting Factors of Developmental Delay in Infant and Early Children.
    Hyeon Ok Ju, Yu Kyung Park, Dong Won Kim
    Child Health Nursing Research.2013; 19(1): 12.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Intervention Studies for Married Immigrant Women
    Tae Im Kim, Ji Young Kim, Sun Mi Choi, Gye Hyun Jung
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    Nursing & Health Sciences.2011; 13(3): 275.     CrossRef
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Validation Studies

Development & Validation of a Checklist for Infant and Child Developmental Screening.
Hyeon Ok Ju, Nae Young Lee, In Sook Park, Sun Ok Lee, So Hee Kim
J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs 2009;15(1):34-41.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/jkachn.2009.15.1.34
PURPOSE
In this study, a Checklist for Infant and Child Developmental Screening (CICDS) was designed for use by primary pediatric health care providers to identify infants and children with developmental delays.
METHOD
Each Item of the CICDS was constructed referring to existing tools. In 5 public health centers of B city, 500 infants and children were selected at the age of 2, 4, 6, 12, & 18 months and assessed between October and December 2006. CICDS and the Korea Denver II were compared to assesses the validity of the CICDS.
RESULTS
The CICDS consisted of 30 items in 4 areas; Personal-social, Fine motor-adaptive, Language, Gross motor. The results of the CICDS correlated significantly with the result of Korea Denver II at each month of age. (r=0.19; p<.01). Of the 500 infants and children, 148 were "suspect" for development delays (sensitivity of 96%, specificity 73%). On the CICDS, 74.6% of children received same result as Denver II. In discriminant analysis, 89.9% of children were identified correctly by CICDS (p<.01).
CONCLUSION
CICDS could be a screening procedures to quickly and reliably identify infants with developmental delays. It also provides a mean of recording measurements of development characteristics.

Citations

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  • Validity of Instrument Development Research in Korean Nursing Research
    Kyunghee Lee, Sujin Shin
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(6): 697.     CrossRef
  • 4,782 View
  • 37 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Original Articles
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to define and clarify the concept of developmental care for preterm infants.
METHODS
The hybrid model method was used to identify the main attributes and indicators. In the field work stage, data were collected in Seoul and Cheonan, Korea. The participants were 5 nurses working in the NICU.
RESULTS
The concept of developmental care was found to have six attributes and ten indicators in 2 dimensions. For the nursing practice dimension, four attributes were derived. They were being like intrauterine state, individualization, interaction, and integrative care with awareness of development. For the family centeredness dimension, supporting parental attachment and professional alliance were attributes of developmental care.
CONCLUSION
Developmental focused care can facilitate the identification of behavioral responses of newborns and provide individualized interventions for fostering growth and development. This concept analysis could provide guidelines for "developmental care" nursing practice and be useful for research in the neonatal field.

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  • Effectiveness of Nicu nurses’ competence enhancement program for developmentally supportive care for preterm infants: A quasi-experimental study
    Han Na Lee, Haeryun Cho
    Heliyon.2023; 9(1): e12944.     CrossRef
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    Hyun Jin Moon, Kyung Sook Cho, Mi Young An, Dong Woo Son
    Asian Nursing Research.2022; 16(1): 25.     CrossRef
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    Jeong Soon Kim, Hee Sun Shin
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(6): 793.     CrossRef
  • 21,701 View
  • 247 Download
  • 7 Crossref
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine relationship of preschool child and mother interaction, child's health status, health-related quality of life and social development. Also, it was intended to provide a basis for development of mother-child interaction programs.
METHODS
The present study was a descriptive research. Participants in this study were a convenience sample of 230 preschool children and their mothers. For the final analysis 209 questionnaires were used after eliminating questionnaires with incomplete responses. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program.
RESULTS
The mean score for interaction between preschool child and mother was 3.96+/-0.55 out of 5 points, for child health status, 3.75+/-0.62 out of 5 points, for child's health-related quality of life, 83.89+/-10.20 out of 100 points and for child's social development, 19.66+/-3.57 out of 24 points. Positive correlations were found between interaction of preschool child and mother, child's health status, health-related quality of life, and social development.
CONCLUSION
The results demonstrate the importance of the quality of the relationship between mother, the child's primary caregiver, and her child for the healthy growth and development of preschool children. It is suggested that intervention programs for preschool child-mother interaction should be developed using evidence based data.

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    Jungsun Kim, Sangeun Oh
    Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(4): 385.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between paternal psychological distress and involvement in childcare among fathers of preschool-aged children: mediating effect of maternal psychological distress
    Hyeon Sik Chu, Hanyi Lee
    BMC Pediatrics.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Parenting Stress and Maternal–Child Interactions Among Preschool Mothers From the Philippines, Korea, and Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional, Comparative Study
    Yong-Sook Eo, Ji-Soo Kim
    Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2018; 29(5): 449.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Psychological, Parenting and Relational Characteristics of Mothers of Preschool Children on Their Depression Levels
    Hye Young Song, Won Jin Ju, Yanghee Pang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nurs.2018; 29(4): 393.     CrossRef
  • Model Structure for Mother-Child Relationship for Korean Infants and Toddlers and Their Mothers
    Sun-Jung Park, Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim
    Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(3): 268.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Parenting Stress in Mothers of Preschoolers Born Prematurely
    Sangmi Lee
    Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(4): 470.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship Between Mother’s Child-Rearing Attitude, Language Control Styles, and Preschool Child’s Social Competence
    Sunghee Park
    Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(2): 97.     CrossRef
  • 7,800 View
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  • 7 Crossref
PURPOSE
Nurse educators can use film effectively to promote nursing students' motivation and indirect experiences. The purpose of this study was to develop a teaching-learning design using films based on Kolb's experiential learning model for understanding of child growth and development, and to evaluate students' satisfaction with cinenurducation according to learning type and content.
METHODS
Participants were seventy-four first year nursing students in the spring semester of 2013 at a private university located in Busan. In each class, participants watched film, participated in peer-to-group discussion and an educator's lecture, and wrote a composition based on Kolb's four learning stages. After class, participants filled out a questionnaire developed by the researchers.
RESULTS
Results showed a high satisfaction with cinenurducation regardless of learning type and content concerning child growth and development. Advantages of cinenurducation included it being "fun and interesting," "helpful to understand the characteristics of children," and "develop critical thinking through discussions." Disadvantages included "length of time needed," and "burdensome." CONCLUSION: Films are advantageous in that they provide indirect experience for nursing students. Selection of appropriate films and evaluation of learning goal achievements are important to maximize the effectiveness of cinenurducation.

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    Jina Oh, Shin‐Jeong Kim, Sunghee Kim, Kyung‐Ah Kang, JinSook Kan, Robin Bartlett
    Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2019; 16(4): 385.     CrossRef
  • Nursing students' preferences of strategies surrounding cinenurducation in a first year child growth and development courses: A mixed methods study
    Jina Oh, Lorraine Steefel
    Nurse Education Today.2016; 36: 342.     CrossRef
  • The Use of the Movie 'The Island' for Nursing Informatics in Nursing Students
    Jina Oh, Hyewon Shin, Jennie C. De Gagne
    The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2015; 15(4): 330.     CrossRef
  • Brain-based Teaching Strategies for Nurse Educators: An Integrative Review
    Jina Oh, Shin-Keong Kim, Kyung-Ah Kang, Sung-Hee Kim, Heyrin Roh, Jennie C. De Gagne
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2014; 20(4): 617.     CrossRef
  • 7,474 View
  • 87 Download
  • 4 Crossref
PURPOSE
This study was done to develop a prevention program for media addiction in elementary school students, and to examine its effects on television addiction, internet addiction, cellular phone addiction, and impulsiveness.
METHODS
The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 58 elementary school students (29 in the experimental group and 29 in the control group). Students in the experimental group were given the prevention program for media addiction. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 program.
RESULTS
Students in the experimental group reported a significant decrease in television addiction compared to students in the control group.
CONCLUSION
The results of the study indicate that the prevention program for media addiction was effective in decreasing television addiction in elementary school students.

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    Bernardo Dell’Osso, Ilaria Di Bernardo, Matteo Vismara, Eleonora Piccoli, Federica Giorgetti, Laura Molteni, Naomi A. Fineberg, Calogero Virzì, Henrietta Bowden-Jones, Roberto Truzoli, Caterina Viganò
    Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health.2021; 17(1): 61.     CrossRef
  • LA PRÉVENTION DE L’UTILISATION PROBLÉMATIQUE D’INTERNET : EXPLORATION DU POINT DE VUE DES JEUNES
    Gabrielle St-Arnaud, Magali Dufour1, Andrée-Anne Légaré, Joël Tremblay, Karine Bertrand, Yasser Khazaal, Natacha Brunelle, Mathieu Goyette
    Revue québécoise de psychologie.2019; 40(2): 115.     CrossRef
  • Policy and Prevention Approaches for Disordered and Hazardous Gaming and Internet Use: an International Perspective
    Daniel L. King, Paul H. Delfabbro, Young Yim Doh, Anise M. S. Wu, Daria J. Kuss, Ståle Pallesen, Rune Mentzoni, Natacha Carragher, Hiroshi Sakuma
    Prevention Science.2018; 19(2): 233.     CrossRef
  • Prevention and Policy Related to Internet Gaming Disorder
    Daniel L. King, Paul H. Delfabbro
    Current Addiction Reports.2017; 4(3): 284.     CrossRef
  • Professional Identity of Elementary School Health Teachers: A Grounded Theory Approach
    Jin Ok Kwon, Jina Oh, Eun Ha Kim, Dae Dong Hahn
    Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(1): 64.     CrossRef
  • Influence of Parental Media Use, Educational Needs, and Media Guidance for Children on Children’s Media Use
    Hyun-Young Koo, Eun-Jung Kim
    Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(2): 183.     CrossRef
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  • 183 Download
  • 6 Crossref
Predicting Factors of Developmental Delay in Infant and Early Children.
Hyeon Ok Ju, Yu Kyung Park, Dong Won Kim
Child Health Nurs Res 2013;19(1):12-20.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2013.19.1.12
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with suspicious developmental delay in infants and early childhood.
METHODS
Participants were 133 infants, aged from birth to 6 years old and their mothers, who were being seen at 16 Public health centers in B city. Korean Denver II was used to test infant development. chi2-test, Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression were used with SPSS 19.0 to analyze data.
RESULTS
Of participant infants, 7.5% were below the 3rd percentile for the weight percentile, 8.4% is a weight curve that crosses more than 2 percentile lines on the growth charts after previous achievement, and 9.8% had suspicious developmental delay according to Korean Denver II. Further the predictive factors related to suspicious development delay in the children were decrease of weight percentile (Odds Ratio [OR]=6.69, Confidence Interval [CI])=1.22-36.45), low economic state (OR=6.26, CI=1.50-26.00), and developmental delay perceived by their mothers (OR=4.99, CI=1.24-20.06).
CONCLUSION
It is necessary to build a government level system to follow management of development of infants and children from the time of birth. Especially, it is necessary to develop a program for children in low income families.

Citations

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  • Health-Related Quality of Life in the Early Childhood of Premature Children.
    Eun Hee Lim, Hyeon Ok Ju
    Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(1): 37.     CrossRef
  • 6,713 View
  • 101 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Validity of Korean Version of Denver II in Screening Children with Developmental Risk.
Heesun Shin, Bumsun Kwon, Seongor Lim
Korean J Child Health Nurs 2005;11(3):316-321.
PURPOSE
This study was done to evaluate the validity of Korean Denver II developmental screening test in screening children with developmental risk. METHOD: The participants in the study were 113 children referred for developmental assessment in the department of rehabilitation of D University hospital. They were examined with the BSID (Bayley Scales of Infant Development) II and Korean Denver II by one occupational therapist. The data was analyzed by Chi square test and discriminant analysis. RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between the Mental Developmental Index (MDI) of the BSID II and the result of the Korean Denver II. The sensitivity and specificity of Korean Denver II were 0.87 and 0.62 when abnormal MDI was defined as lower than 85 was used as a diagnosis of developmental delay. There was a significant relationship between the Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) of the BSID II and the result of Korean Denver II. The sensitivity and specificity of Korean Denver II were 0.83 and 0.51. The over-all hit ratio was 79.6%. CONCLUSION: The result showed that the Korean Denver II was valid and has good sensitivity and moderate specificity in screening developmental delay.
  • 2,970 View
  • 74 Download
Development of Korean Infant Developmental Assessment Scale.
Kyung Ja Han, Kyung Sook Bang
Korean J Child Health Nurs 2004;10(3):321-331.
PURPOSE
To develop an Infant Developmental Assesment Scale appropriate for Korean infants that includes cultural context.
METHOD
The total sample included 990 infants aged birth to 24months. The developmental tests were conducted at hospital well baby clinic, daycare centers, public health centers and homes located in city, urban and rural areas. Item analysis was done to examine content validity of the scale. Test responses were analyzed by SPSS to examine the inter-rater reliability, and construct validity.
RESULTS
Based on the naturalistic observation and analysis of other developmental instruments, 260 Korean infant developmental items were created. The mean score of the developmental quotient of 966 infants was 101.63+/-10.89. Correlation coefficient of inter-rater reliability was .99. In addition, 84.6% of total items showed Kappa .70 and above. The development quotient was significantly different depending upon the residential area and father's occupation, therefore, construct validity using known group technique was supported.
CONCLUSION
The developed instrument can be used to assess the development of handicapped infants, as well as normal infant's general abilities and to study individual differences within the normal range for Korean.
  • 2,468 View
  • 9 Download
Behavioral Item List for Korean Infants by Naturalistic Observation.
Kyung Ja Han, Kyung Sook Bang, In Ju Whang
Korean J Child Health Nurs 2003;9(3):285-293.
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify behavioral items for Korean infants under 24months by naturalistic observation. These items will be the basis for developmental scale for Korean infants.
METHOD
Data were collected by observing and interviewing fifty one infants and their mothers during the period from November 15 to December 14, 2003. Raw data in descriptive form were obtained by unstructured naturalistic observation, and were reformed to behavioral items through discussion with professors in pediatric nursing and experienced nurses in child care department. Also, behavioral items were classified into five developmental areas.
RESULT
Total number of behavioral items was two hundreds and thirty eight. 52 items for motor development, 66 items for personal-social, 40 items for hearing and speech, 41 items for eye-hand coordination, and 39 items for performance.
CONCLUSION
This is meaningful that fundamental items for Korean developmental scale for infants were identified by observing behaviors of Korean infants. On the basis of these items, average age will be calculated for passing each item by testing Korean infants. We hope to develop Korean infant developmental scale as a final outcome in the future research.
  • 2,223 View
  • 5 Download
Analysis on the Results of Developmental Screening Test in One Public Health Center.
Kyung Sook Bang, Yong Soon Kim, Jee Won Park, Hea Jung Lee
Korean J Child Health Nurs 2002;8(3):302-312.
This descriptive exploratory study was conducted to analyze the results of developmental screening test using DDST and the follow-up diagnostic evaluation in one public health center, and to evaluate the feasibility of developmental screening in nursing. Samples were 373 children under 6 years who visited the public health center. Mothers' satisfaction on the developmental clinic was also determined. Summaries of the results were as follows: 1.0.5% of children in height and 1.9% of children in weight were included in below 3 percentile of Korean children's growth chart, but none of them showed developmental delay. 2.The results of DDST showed 92.1% of subjects were classified as normal, 3.7% as abnormal, and 4.2% as questionable among 354 children. 3. Most of children who showed the abnormal development at the first DDST were confirmed having the developmental delay at the follow-up diagnostic evaluation. On the other hand, most of children who showed the questionable development at the first DDST revealed having the normal development in follow-up screening test. 4. The result of the DDST was influenced by the birth order of the subject and delivery type. 5.The mean satisfaction score by mothers on developmental clinic was 4.35 in 5 Likert scale. In conclusion, we could certain the feasibility and usefulness of developmental screening in community and child care nursing. To fulfil the increasing needs of mothers with infants on the child development, nurses have to provide anticipatory guidance and parent education in addition to the developmental screening test. We hope to expand the developmental screening in nursing field not only of clinical setting but also of community.
  • 3,000 View
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A Study on the Growth, Development and Obesity Index of Breast-feeding Infants.
Hyeon Ok Ju, Hwa Za Lee, Young Hae Kim
Korean J Child Health Nurs 2001;7(4):511-518.
This study is to identify the characteristics of the growth and deveolpment, and to assess Obesity Index, BMI and Kaup Index of infants paticipated in a healthy breast-feeding contest. The subjects of this study were 94 breast- feeding infants, ages from 6 to 8 months. Their weight and height were measured and compared with Korean Standards. Their developmental state was tested by DDST(Denver Developmental Screening Test) standardized in Korea. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS-WIN 10.0. The result is as follows : 1. The weight of infants was more than Korean Standards, but the height was less. 2. There were statistically significant differences in Obesity Index, BMI and Kaup Index. Obese infants estimated by Obesity Index were about 10%, but by BMI and Kaup Index were 35.1% and 27.7%. 3. Spearman's rhos of Obesity Index and Kaup Index, Obesity Index and BMI, and Kaup Index and BMI were individually 0.526, 0.528 and 0.753. In conclusion, BMI should be added to the criteria for assessing healthy breast-feeding infants.
  • 2,528 View
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The Study on the Development and Effectiveness of Parent Role Education Program I: Focusing on the six-months results.
Kyung Ja Han, Mi Kyung Kwon, Kyung Sook Bang, Jung Soo Kim
Korean J Child Health Nurs 2001;7(1):96-107.
Recent research indicates that the new mothers want to learn about childrearing, and have burden in care of infants. Also it indicates that the new mothers say the lack of confidence and knowledge about infant care. This study was a prospective longitudinal reseach developing parent role education program and evaluating the effectiveness of this program for mother- infant interaction, childrearing environment and infant development. Longitudinal quasi-experimental design was used. The subjects were the healthy infants weighing over 2,500gm at birth, whose gestational age was more than 37weeks, and their mothers. The sample consisted of 19 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 18 dyads for control group. Data were collected from March 15th to December 14th in 1999. For the intervention group received programmed education that was consisted of discharge education, telephone counselling, and home visiting for maternal education. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and t-test to test the equivalence of two groups, and the effectiveness of intervention program. This study was focused on the results of six months time point. The results were as follows: 1. There was significant difference in the mean score of mother-infant interaction(NCAST) between two groups. Intervention group showed higher scores in the subscales of sensitivity to cues, cognitive growth fostering, and caregiver total. 2. There was no significant difference in the mean score of child rearing environment (HOME) between two groups of six-month- infants. But when each subscale of HOME was examined, intervention group showed higher scores in the dimensions of opportunities for variety in daily stimulation, maternal involvement with child, and emotional, verbal response. 3. Six-month-infants of the intervention group showed significantly higher GQ in the Griffiths mental development scale. In conclusion, the maternal education program was effective in promoting the mother-infant interaction, organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering the infant development. These results were very meaningful that we found parent role education necessary for normal infants' mothers, and nurses can make a great contribution in promoting health of infants and mothers.
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The impact of childhood experience has lifelong significance on subsequent health and development. Especially, the experience of infant is mostly affected by the quality of parental care and rearing environment. But the new mothers usually do not know what to do because of the lack of experience in these days. Therefore, an educational program regarding maternal role would be necessary. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the maternal role education program for mother-infant interaction, child- rearing environment, and infant development. Non-equivalent control group time-series design was used, and Barnard's mother-infant interaction model was used as a conceptual framework of this study. The subjects were the healthy infants weighing over 2,500gm at birth, whose gestational age was more than 37 weeks, and their mothers. The final sample consisted of 19 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 18 dyads for control group. Data were collected from March 15th to September 3rd in 1999. For the intervention group, programmed education which focused on mother-infant interaction, breast feeding, and infant care was provided before discharge. Telephone counselling was provided within one week after discharge. Home visiting for maternal role education was provided twice, one month and three months postpartum. For the control group, home visiting was also conducted but only for data collection. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and t-test to test the equivalence of two groups, and the effectiveness of intervention program was determined with repeated measure ANCOVA and t-test. The results were as follows: 1. Significant differences were found in mother- infant interaction between two groups(p= .000). It indicates that intervention program was effective in improving mother- infant interaction. In subscale analysis, four out of six subscale showed significant differences between the groups: sensitivity to cues (p=.000), social-emotional growth fostering (p=.000), cognitive growth fostering(p=.000) in mothers, and responsiveness to caregiver (p=.019) in infants. 2.The difference in the mean score of childrearing environment (HOME) between the intervention group and control group was significant(p=.003). When each subscale of HOME was examined individually, intervention group showed significantly higher scores in the diversity of stimulation(p=.000), and mother's involvement(p=.001). 3.Three-month-Infants of the intervention group showed higher GQ in the Griffiths mental development scale(p=.026). In subscale analysis, significant differences were found in the personal-social(p=.005), and the hearing and speech(p=.003). In conclusion, the maternal role education program proved to be effective in promoting the mother-infant interaction, organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering the infant development. These results are very meaningful that we found maternal role education necessary for normal infants' mothers, and that nurses can make a great contribution in promoting health of infants and mothers.
  • 2,813 View
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A Study for the Model Development of 'Child Health Management Program'.
Hee Kyeung Kang
Korean J Child Health Nurs 2000;6(1):103-111.
The aim of the study is to analyze and evaluate the Child Health Management Service that was promoted as a part of Mother-Child Health Guidance Project by the Public Health Center of BukCheju-gun in 1999, to reflect the problems needed to be improved, and, thus, to present the integral program model for the Child Health Management Service that guides childhood health, regarded as the foundation of that of the adulthood period, to the optimum level. The common results of the evaluation of the Child Health Management Service of BukCheju-gun public health center are as below: 1. In the aspect of public information, the existing simple material and method of public information was not effective. 2. The opportunities for the necessary training and education to develop the persons concerned and their ability for the Child Health Management were not enough. 3. The environment under which the service, aimed to promote Child's health, was carried out was not clearly divided from that of the services related with the prevention and treatment of disease. And the service environment for the child health was threatening to the clients. 4. Still, the actual result was pursued more than the quality management, while carrying out the project. With the reflection of the above result, the research has presented the program model of Child Health Management Program for the next. The main concept of the model is, through the establishment of the network for information offerings and effective convergence of a variety of opinions for the community around the Public Health Center and for the correct evaluation of the project and the reflection of the result from it, to achieve the ultimate goal of the optimal growth and development of the childhood by expanding the support necessary for carrying out Child Health Management Program more effectively.
  • 2,331 View
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Effects of a Self-Development Program on Self-esteem and Communication in Middle School Students.
Hee Sook Kim, Yun Hee Lim, Mi Hui Seo, Eun Ju Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Eun Hye Cho, Tae Hi Ha
J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs 2008;14(3):269-276.
PURPOSE
In this study the effects of Self-Development program on self-esteem and communication in middle school students were examined.
METHOD
Forty-three middle school students in D City participated in a survey, which was carried out from October to November, 2007. To test the effects of the Self-Development Program, the students were divided into two groups, an experimental group (23) and a control group (20). The research design used in this study was a nonequivalent control group pre-posttest quasi-experimental research design. The research tools included a self-esteem scale and a communication scale. Chi-square test, paired t-test, and t-test were used to analyze the data with the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program.
Result
Significant differences were found in self-esteem scores between the experimental group and the control group. But there were no significant differences between the two groups on communication scores.
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that the Self-Development program is a useful nursing intervention for improving the self-esteem of middle school students.
  • 2,837 View
  • 7 Download
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of questionable development according to developmental screening testing for children, and to explore biological and environmental risk factors of developmental delays.
METHOD
The study participants were 153 children under two years of age. A questionnaire and Home Observation for measurement of the Environment (HOME) inventory were used to collect data, and Korean Denver II was administered.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of questionable development was 11.1%. Significant differences in biological factors between the normal development group and questionable development group were the rate of prematurity, twins, the educational level of mother and father's and the presence of an illness in the mother (p<.10). Maternal acceptance in HOME was significantly different between the two groups. The factors related to questionable development that were significant in the logistic regression analysis were prematurity (OR=3.56, p=.026), and maternal acceptance in HOME score (OR=.629, p=.028).
CONCLUSION
Early developmental screening tests seem necessary for all children, especially for prematurely born children. Also, child rearing environments were identified as significant factors in the development of all children. These findings suggest that the HOME scores might be useful in identifying children at risk for developmental delays, and that interventions for these children will probably be more effective if their mothers are helped to provide a more appropriate social environment.
  • 2,491 View
  • 27 Download
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compared the growth and development of premature and full-term infants during the 2 years after birth.
METHOD
The participants were 102 infants, 51 each for premature infants, and for healthy full-term infants. Participants in the premature group accounted for 17.5% of all premature infants who were registered at the public health center in G city. Developmental status was evaluated using the Korean Denver II.
RESULTS
The catch-up growth of the premature was 100% in weight and in height. Suspicious developmental delay according to the Korean Denver II was 3.9% in normal infants and 31.2% in premature infants. Factors related to the suspicious developmental delay in premature infants were their age and health state at birth. The rate of suspicious developmental delay was higher in infants over 6 months and infants unhealthy at birth.
CONCLUSION
A premature follow-up program, which includes nutrition education to achieve catch-up growth and to prevention obesity, along with continuous developmental screening test for infants and children born prematurely is recommended. Provision for home visits and telephone counseling for premature infants and their families who do not to use the public health center should also be included.
  • 2,627 View
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A Study to Validate the Korean Child Development Review.
Heesun Shin, Jeongmee Kim, Seongor Lim
J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs 2007;13(2):222-229.
PURPOSE
This study was done to evaluate the validity of the Korean - Child Development Review in screening children with developmental risks.
METHOD
The participants in the study were 172 children aged 6-75 months old and their parents. Data were collected by questionnaire or interview. Korean Denver II and Bayley test were administered with K-CDR for validation of children who were referred for developmental assessment at D University Hospital or public health center. The data were analyzed using correlation, chi-square test, and cross tab analysis.
RESULTS
There was a significant relationship between the K-CDR and Korean Denver II. The correlation coefficients were .42 to .61 by developmental sector. The sensitivity and specificity of K-CDR were .84 and .66 respectively when "abnormal" with MDI of Bayley test defined as lower than 85 the score which was used as a diagnosis of developmental delay. The responses to 6 questions for parents showed significant differences according to 3 groups by developmental state. Parents of children in the developmental disability group more frequently checked problems from the 26 problem checklist about their children's development and behavior.
CONCLUSION
The results show that K-CDR is valid and has good sensitivity and moderate specificity in screening developmental delay.
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PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to look for physical growth and developmental retardation of the disabled children in registered educational institutions.
METHOD
The participants in this study were 103 children. The data was collected from January to September 2006. Body weight, height and head circumference were measured and the Denver II developmental screening tool was used to measure personal-social development.
RESULTS
For 40.8% of the children body weight was less than the average for Korean children of the same age, for 49.5% height was lower than average and for 44.7% head circumference was lower. For 84.5% of the children there was a delay in personal-social development, for 87.4% a delay in fine motor-adaptive development, for 80.6% a delay in speech development and for 81.6% a delay in gross motor development.
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of this study, it is necessary to develop an individual developmental programs for these children based on their growth and development status.
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  • 7 Download
Purpose
To investigate the rate of questionable development in infants born prematurely and explore factors affecting developmental delays. Method: The participants were 46 infants born prematurely being seen in one of two urban health centers. A questionnaire and the HOME checklist were used to collect data, and the Korean Denver II developmental screening test was administered. Results: Of the participants 21.7% were classified as having questionable development. The only variable with a significant difference between the two groups was acceptance in the HOME checklist. Psychosocial factors such as mothers' burden, depression, family functioning, and social support were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: An early developmental screening test for prematurely born infants is needed. Also, the childrearing environment was identified as a significant factor in infants' development. These findings suggest that HOME score might be useful for identifying infants at risk for developmental delays and interventions for these infants will probably be more effective if their mothers can provide a more appropriate social environment. Further studies are suggested with larger samples.
  • 2,498 View
  • 28 Download
A Study to Standardize the Child Development Review in Korea.
Heesun Shin, Jeong Mee Kim
J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs 2006;12(3):333-340.
Purpose
This study was to restandardize the Child Development Review (CDR) which was developed by Dr. Ireton and based on Child Development Inventory (CDI). Method: The participants were 1143 children who were aged 12months to 6.3years old and parents. They were the sample for standardization study of CDI. The age level assigned to each item of Korean version of CDI were assessed. The reliability and validity was analyzed by reliability coefficient and concurrent validity analysis. Result: The item set was revised by the age level of each item at which at least 75 percent of parents answered YES to the statement. The child development chart was composed of 100 item which include social, self-help, gross motor, fine motor, and language sector. The internal consistency coefficient of the instrument was .93. The concurrent validity with Korean Denver II was good. Conclusions: The Korean version of CDR showed good reliability and validity. It could be utilized for developmental screening at pediatric clinic and child care center.
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A Pilot Study to Restandardize the CDI(Child Development Inventory) in Korea.
Jeong Mee Kim, Hee Sun Shin
J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs 2006;12(2):260-267.
PURPOSE
This pilot study was done to develop a Korean version of the CDI (The Child Development Inventory) and assess the validity and reliability of the K-CDI.
METHOD
The K-CDI is assessed by parent-report and is designed to screen children on developmental functioning from 12 months to 6.5 years of age /or older children who are judged to be functioning in the one to six-year range. The inventory assesses child development in the areas of social, self-help, motor, language, letter and number skills. and it also includes various symptoms and behavior problems that young children may have. Participants were 130 children who lived in Seoul or Gyounggi-Province and their mothers. Data were analyzed using the ratio of item responses, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Cronbach alpha.
RESULTS
The reliability and validity of 270 items with 8 sub-developmental realms were confirmed for Korean children. A total of 300 items were selected for restandardization. There was a significant correlation between the score on the Social Maturity Scale and K-CDI. The correlation coefficient alpha was .98.
CONCLUSION
This study indicated that CDI is applicable in clinical and early childhood educational setting for developmental assessment in Korea.
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