Purpose
To investigate the factors contributing to child maltreatment in Indonesia during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, highlighting the overlooked impact of parenting practices on various maltreatment forms during this unprecedented period.
Methods
Using a cross-sectional design, the research used the ICAST-C (Indonesian version of Child Abuse Screening Tools for Children) tool to assess instances of child maltreatment. The study consisted of 219 high school students from Bekasi and Bandung City in West Java, Indonesia, selected through a stratified proportionate random sampling approach, followed by recruitment and consent procedures. An online questionnaire facilitated data collection, which was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.
Results
Children experiencing parental rejection were significantly more likely to face violence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.99; p<.001). Rejection-based parenting was identified as a significant causal factor contributing to psychological maltreatment (AOR, 3.59; p<.001), whereas higher parental education levels directly contributed to increased psychological maltreatment (AOR, 1.99; p=.024). Additionally, rejection significantly influenced physical maltreatment (AOR, 5.17; p<.001) and neglect (AOR, 3.29; p<.001). Interestingly, emotional warmth is also linked to heightened neglect (AOR, 2.29; p=.017). These findings highlight rejection as a critical factor influencing overall child maltreatment (AOR, 6.99; p<.001).
Conclusion
This study establishes a significant causal relationship between parental rejection and various forms of child maltreatment, excluding sexual violence. It emphasizes the need for targeted interventions, such as parenting education and community support, to address parental rejection and promote healthier parenting practices. Longitudinal studies are essential for further exploring these dynamics.

Purpose
Nurses play a crucial role in cases of victims of child abuse; however, but there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of their specific roles, responsibilities, and best practices is needed.
Methods
This integrative review aims to synthesize existing evidence on the role of nurses in cases of victims of child abuse. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. This review included 12 qualitative and quantitative studies. Results: This review identified the following four themes: nurses’ responsibility, intention to report child abuse, perceptions of child abuse, and risk assessment of child abuse. The findings revealed that nurses play a multifaceted role in child abuse situations. Evidence-based practices and guidelines were identified to optimize recovery outcomes among children who have experienced abuse.
Conclusion
This integrative review contributes to the body of knowledge on nurses’ role in cases of victims of child abuse by providing valuable insights for nursing practice, education, and policy. These findings can help guide nurses in developing evidence-based interventions and collaborative approaches to support the recovery of victims of child abuse.

Citations

• Navigating parenthood: a qualitative study of parental guidance and support in Norwegian child health clinics
  Elise Tveråmo Aastveit, Bente Prytz Mjølstad
  International Journal of Qualitative Studies on He.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Adverse childhood experiences and suicide attempts among high school students: The mediating effects of peer victimization and depression by sex
  Youn Kyoung Kim, Jun Sung Hong, Rachel Pounders, Jessica Wilkes, Sean Brune, Miyoun Yang
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2026; 88: 493.     CrossRef
• Public Health Nurses' Experiences of Child Maltreatment Preventive Work in Primary Healthcare: A Qualitative Metasynthesis
  Sigrid Hansen, Stine Junge Svendsen, Signe Zenia Hulgaard‐Bruvold, Anurajee Rasalingam
  Journal of Advanced Nursing.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Competencies of nurses involved in preventing child abuse in hospital:a qualitative descriptive study
  Hiroko Hashimoto, Kumi Takahashi
  The Journal of Medical Investigation.2026; 73(1.2): 251.     CrossRef
• Child maltreatment recognition and reporting attitudes among pediatric nurses and physicians in Türkiye: A cross-sectional comparative study
  Fatma Çarikçi, Burcu Aykanat Girgin, Nagihan Fatma Harmanci, Aysun Yilmaz, Ayşen Dündar Sari, Osman Aki, Tuğçe Ekinci, Kübra Ergün
  Child Abuse & Neglect.2026; 177: 108086.     CrossRef
• Exploring nursing students' awareness about child abuse and neglect
  Mohammad M. Alnaeem, Mohammad A. Abu Sabra, Ayman M. Hamdan-Mansour
  Child Abuse & Neglect.2025; 163: 107430.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to apply and evaluate the effectiveness of a child abuse prevention program based on the Nursing Model of Resilience and Coping Skills Training Model for unmarried mothers during pregnancy and puerperium.
Methods
This study had a prospective single-case, AB design with four repeated self-questionnaire measures and three observational measures. Seven unmarried mothers were provided with 10 sessions child abuse prevention program through individual visits from 32 to 34 weeks of pregnancy to 6 weeks after childbirth. The questionnaire was composed related to resilience, maternal stress, maternal attitude, parent-child interaction, child abuse potential. The observation was measured by video recording (total 16 times) the interaction of parent-child during feeding and analyzing it by three experts. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Friedman’s test.
Results
Maternal attitude and parent-child interaction were statistically significantly improved after intervention compared to before intervention. However, maternal stress decreased after intervention compared to before intervention, but it was not statistically significant. Also, resilience and child abuse potential were not statistically significant. This program is partially effective in preventing child abuse by promoting parenting attitudes and parent-child interactions.
Conclusion
This study focused on individual resilience and applied systematic intervention as coping skills training to prevent child abuse. This study is meaningful in that interventions were conducted through individual visits to unmarried mothers at high risk of child abuse, and the program was applied, including pregnancy and postpartum periods, to prevent child abuse early.

Purpose
This systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of home visiting programs targeting parents who have maltreated their children on the prevention of child maltreatment recurrence.
Methods
Major databases were searched (Ovid-Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and RISS). The frequency of maltreatment was measured for the meta-analysis, which was conducted using Review Manager 5.2 software. The effect size was measured using odds ratios (ORs).
Results
Six studies were included in the analysis, none of which were conducted in South Korea. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the risk of child maltreatment recurrence significantly decreased after a home visiting program was implemented (OR=0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.29-0.68). Nurses were the most common intervention providers.
Conclusion
Home visiting programs should be provided for families in which maltreatment has already occurred to prevent the recurrence of maltreatment and foster a home environment in which children can live safely. Since the rate of child maltreatment in Korea is increasing, further research is needed to develop and implement home visiting programs in which nurses play a major role in preventing the recurrence of child maltreatment.

Citations

• Unpacking Parenting Intervention Content for Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review Examining Core Components
  Fatima Younas, Leslie Morrison Gutman
  Trauma, Violence, & Abuse.2026; 27(1): 66.     CrossRef
• Predicting and explaining recurrent child abuse using interpretable machine learning: Evidence from national-level child abuse data in South Korea (2017–2020)
  Donghun Kim, Ting Jiang, Kihyun Kim, Jae-Won Kim, Yongjun Zhu
  Social Science & Medicine.2026; 389: 118828.     CrossRef
• Educar para prevenir a reincidência da violência infantil
  Nariana Rodrigues de Freitas, Gabriela Isabel Reyes Ormeño, Thais da Costa de Paula
  Revista @mbienteeducação.2026; : e026010.     CrossRef
• Re-entries into residential care: an ecological perspective from professionals views
  Carolinne Marques, Joana Baptista, Eunice Magalhães
  Children and Youth Services Review.2026; : 109028.     CrossRef
• Cost effectiveness of interventions to prevent the occurrence and the associated economic impacts of child maltreatment: A systematic review
  Dai Quy Le, Long Khanh-Dao Le, Phuong Hong Le, Marie Bee Hui Yap, Cathrine Mihalopoulos
  Child Abuse & Neglect.2025; 168: 106863.     CrossRef
• Child Maltreatment
  Rebecca Frances Young, Mini Tandon
  Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North .2025; 34(2): 311.     CrossRef
• Addressing social determinants of health in individuals with mental disorders in clinical practice: review and recommendations
  Dilip V. Jeste, Jeffery Smith, Roberto Lewis-Fernández, Elyn R. Saks, Peter J. Na, Robert H. Pietrzak, McKenzie Quinn, Ronald C. Kessler
  Translational Psychiatry.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Frameworks, models and theories for prevention of child maltreatment: protocol for a scoping review from a population health perspective
  Lena Rasch, Adrienne Alayli, Christian Ballmeyer, Juan Victor Ariel Franco, Freia De Bock
  BMJ Open.2025; 15(5): e098429.     CrossRef
• Profile of kindergarten children exposed to adverse childhood experiences
  Grace Yan Ling Ler, Wen Hann Chow, Jean Yin Oh, Li Ming Ong, Ruschelle Arca De Vera, Padmini Yeleswarapu
  Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The effectiveness of interventions to prevent and reduce child maltreatment in high-income countries: An umbrella review
  Joel Gautschi, David Lätsch
  Child Abuse & Neglect.2024; 153: 106845.     CrossRef
• Hoping and Caregiving in Adversity: Ithemba Hope for Parents Study
  Kendra Thomas, Kristin Valentino, Lidia Matabaro
  International Journal of Applied Positive Psycholo.2024; 9(3): 1635.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Weighting Methods to Understand Improved Outcomes Attributable to Public Health Nursing Interventions
  Jared D. Huling, Robin R. Austin, Sheng-Chieh Lu, Michelle A. Mathiason, Anna M. Pirsch, Karen A. Monsen
  Nursing Research.2024; 73(5): 390.     CrossRef
• A Qualitative Approach to Understanding Provider Behaviors that Promote Enrollment, Engagement, and Retention in Home Visiting Services
  Lana O. Beasley, Helen Milojevich, Stormie Fuller, David Bard
  Journal of Child and Family Studies.2024; 33(10): 3119.     CrossRef
• The US overdose crisis: the next administration needs to move beyond criminalisation to a comprehensive public health approach
  Magdalena Cerdá, Noa Krawczyk
  BMJ.2024; : q2418.     CrossRef
• The role of sleep disturbances in associations between early life adversity and subsequent brain and language development during childhood
  Hatty Lara, Melissa Nevarez-Brewster, Cori Manning, Matthew J. Reid, Stephanie H. Parade, Gina M. Mason, Darlynn M. Rojo-Wissar
  Frontiers in Sleep.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Future of the United States Overdose Crisis: Challenges and Opportunities
  MAGDALENA CERDÁ, NOA KRAWCZYK, KATHERINE KEYES
  The Milbank Quarterly.2023; 101(S1): 478.     CrossRef
• Tailored Nurse Support Program Promoting Positive Parenting and Family Preservation
  Samantha M. Brown, Luke McConnell, Alicia Zelaya, Mary Doran, Vicki Swarr
  Nursing Research.2023; 72(4): E164.     CrossRef
• PROTOCOL: Effectiveness of home‐based interventions to prevent child neglect: A systematic review
  Yanfei Li, Rui Li, Meixuan Li, Zhitong Bing, Xiuxia Li, Kehu Yang
  Campbell Systematic Reviews.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• An Evaluation of the Knowledge Level of Nurses and Midwives Working in Family Health Centers about Child Abuse and Neglect
  Hacer KABAKOĞLU, Hatice TAMBAĞ
  Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimler.2022; 4(3): 233.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to review sexual abuse prevention education program for Korean elementary school students.
Methods
Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review methods were used and Gough's weight of evidence was employed as a quality appraisal tool. Articles published in Korean or English were identified through electronic search engines and scholarly web sites using three keywords: "elementary school student", "sexual abuse", and "prevention education". Peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2018 were included in this review.
Results
Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria and were appraised as being high-quality. Among the 12 selected studies, seven were descriptive, while five were intervention studies. Sexual abuse prevention education programs were effective in improving perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors among elementary school students. However, deficiencies were found in the variety of educational methods, utilization of experts, and standardization of the content of sexual abuse prevention education.
Conclusion
We need to provide various educational methods that are appropriate for specific developmental stages, and the sexual abuse prevention content should draw upon the current sexual education program administered to this population. Furthermore, parents and trained teachers or school health teachers should be included to provide effective education programs for elementary students.

Citations

• Effect of a digital sexual violence prevention education program on digital sexual violence prevention knowledge, self-protection behavior, and digital citizenship among fifth-grade children: a quasi-experimental study
  Miae Oh, Sukhee Ahn
  Women's Health Nursing.2025; 31(4): 379.     CrossRef
• A study on the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the parenting outcome expectancy scale for parents of elementary school students
  Yoonjung Kim, Jungmin Lee, Ratchneewan Ross
  Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Recall of sexual abuse prevention education at school and home: Associations with sexual abuse experience, disclosure, protective parenting, and knowledge
  Julia I. Rudolph, Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck, Kerryann Walsh
  Child Abuse & Neglect.2022; 129: 105680.     CrossRef
• Moving school-based CSA prevention education online: Advantages and challenges of the “new normal”
  Melissa A. Bright, Diana Ortega, David Finkelhor, Kerryann Walsh
  Child Abuse & Neglect.2022; 132: 105807.     CrossRef
• An integrative literature review on intimate partner violence against women in South Korea
  Hye Young Min, Jung Min Lee, Yoonjung Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2020; 26(4): 260.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to review the literature on intervention studies for abused children and adolescent in residential facilities in South Korea (ACARF-K). The goal was to understand the problems they experience, to evaluate the content and effectiveness of interventions applied to them, and to develop evidence-based nursing intervention programs.
Methods
We used four electronic databases to search for relevant articles. 18 studies according to Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review method to synthesize the literature.
Results
The ACARF-K experienced problems in biophysical, psychological, and sociocultural domains related to attachment impairment. Effective intervention strategies were building trust through empathy and fulfillment of needs, encouraging ACARF-K to express themselves and helping them to clarify emotions in an unthreatening environment, and improving their self-concept through activities in which they experienced achievement.
Conclusion
Interventions are needed to help restore attachment damage among ACARF-K. The interventions in this study utilized emotional, cognitive, relational, and behavioral therapeutic tools to improve their psychological and social capacities. Future intervention programs for ACARF-K should include these key elements.

Citations

• Dyadic and systemic trauma-informed care in adolescent residential settings: A systematic review of outcomes for staff, youth, and relationships
  Veli-Matti Karhu, Assi Peltonen, Marjo Flykt
  Child Abuse & Neglect.2026; 176: 108074.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Mother’s emotional intelligence, negative parenting behaviour, Preschooler’s attachment instability, and smart device overdependence
  Gumhee Lee, Sungjae Kim
  BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study presents methodological research that aimed to verify the content validity, construct validity, reliability, and criterion-related validity of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI), originally developed by Milner and then translated into Korean by Ahn.
Methods
Data used in this study were collected from 209 mothers of infants, toddlers, and children of preschool age in D metropolitan city. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.
Results
The Korean version of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (K-CAPI) was developed by condensing 44 of the original 77 CAPI items. Four factors of K-CAPI were extracted using principal component analysis. These 4 factors-distress; problems with child, self, family, and others; unhappiness; rigidity-accounted for 54.01% of variance. The Cronbach's ⍺ was .96, the Guttman split-half coefficient was .88, and test-retest reliability was r=.86 (p<.001).
Conclusion
The results of this study established the reliability and validity of the K-CAPI and found it to be an appropriate tool to evaluate mothers’ potential to abuse their children.

Citations

• The effects of child abuse prevention education on parents’ response to positive emotion, parenting stress, and child abuse potential: A randomized controlled pretest posttest design
  Mi Hyun Kim, Bu Kyung Park
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2024; 30(1): 19.     CrossRef
• Is the Brief Version of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory a Valid and Reliable Measure for Childcare Providers?
  Ji Young Lee, Jihyun Sung
  Early Education and Development.2022; 33(2): 350.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate perceptions of child abuse and factors influencing those perceptions among nursing students.
Methods
A descriptive research design was used with a convenience sample of 669 nursing students. Data was collected from September 1 to 25, 2016 using self-report questionnaires and analyzed with descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis in SPSS for Windows version 21.0.
Results
The mean score for perceptions of child abuse was 3.52±0.41, and the scores by subcategory were as follows: physical abuse, 3.61±0.39; emotional abuse, 3.54±0.53; neglect, 3.17±0.69; sexual abuse, 3.85±0.35. A significant correlation was found between perceptions of child abuse and parental acceptance-rejection attitude (warmth/affection, indifference/neglect, undifferentiated rejection). The factors influencing perceptions of child abuse were gender, experiences of child abuse, and perceived parental attitudes of warmth/affection and undifferentiated rejection, which explained 5.1% of the variances.
Conclusion
Based on the finding of this study, educational programs and guidelines should be developed to help nursing students improve their perceptions of child abuse.

Citations

• Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Undergraduate Nursing Students about Child Abuse and Neglect: A Cross-sectional Study
  Mohammad M. Alnaeem, Mohammad A. Abu Sabra, Ayman M. Hamdan-Mansour, Suhair Hussni Al-Ghabeesh, Alaa Abuatallah
  Teaching and Learning in Nursing.2025; 20(1): e211.     CrossRef
• Exploring nursing students' awareness about child abuse and neglect
  Mohammad M. Alnaeem, Mohammad A. Abu Sabra, Ayman M. Hamdan-Mansour
  Child Abuse & Neglect.2025; 163: 107430.     CrossRef
• İntörn Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Çocuk İstismarı ve İhmaline Yönelik Bilgi Düzeyleri ve İlişkili Faktörler
  Fadime Üstüner Top, Hasan Hüseyin Çam
  Sağlık Bilimlerinde Değer.2025; 15(2): 198.     CrossRef
• Effects of nursing students’ ability to empathize, recognize children’s rights, and perceive child abuse on their intention to report child abuse
  Hye-Seon Lee, Hyunkyung Choi
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2024; 30(1): 61.     CrossRef
• An Exploration of the Relationship between Liking of Children and Determining Abuse and Neglect among Students Studying Child Development at a Vocational School
  Mukaddes Demir Acar, Tulay Yilmaz Bingol
  Child & Youth Services.2023; 44(2): 218.     CrossRef
• A study on prospective dental hygiene students awareness of child abuse and attitudes towards mandatory reporting
  Seon-Yeong Kim
  Journal of Korean Society of Dental Hygiene.2023; 23(5): 403.     CrossRef
• Child Abuse Awareness and Reporting Intention among Nursing and Education Students
  Yeseul Jeong, Sang Youn Jang, Min Kyung Song, Da Jeong Kum, Sae Eun Park, Kyung Sook Bang
  Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Educ.2019; 25(2): 216.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was done to conduct a meta-analysis of articles describing randomized controlled trials which showed substantiated effects for home-based child abuse prevention programs for all parents.
Methods
The articles regarding child abuse prevention programs for parents were investigated using the systematic review method. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane central library, Eric, and RISS on material published. Article searches and quality appraisal through RoB (Risk of Bias) yielded 14 records.
Results
The total random effect size was 0.344 (Parents outcome, 0.333; Child outcome, 0.310; Environment, 0.275). The home based intervention for parents was effective for prevention of potential child abuse.
Conclusion
This study supports the effectiveness of health care professional directing child abuse prevention programs for all parents whose children are in the early years of life including during the period of pregnancy.

Citations

• The effects of child abuse prevention education on parents’ response to positive emotion, parenting stress, and child abuse potential: A randomized controlled pretest posttest design
  Mi Hyun Kim, Bu Kyung Park
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2024; 30(1): 19.     CrossRef
• A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Childhood Maltreatment on Elderly Depression
  Yang Wang, Xiaoxuan Chen, Ke Zhou, Huiping Zhang
  Trauma, Violence, & Abuse.2023; 24(3): 1593.     CrossRef
• Preventing the onset of depressive disorders in low-and middle-income countries: An overview
  Pim Cuijpers
  Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Intervention Programs for Child Abuse Victims in Korea: Focused on Depression, Anxiety, Self-esteem, Problem Behavior, and Sociability
  Mi-Kyung Sim, Sinhyang Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Menta.2022; 31(1): 58.     CrossRef
• Preventing the onset of mental disorders: An emerging field
  Pim Cuijpers, Annemieke van Straten
  Clinical Psychology Review.2021; 90: 102097.     CrossRef
• Annual Research Review: Umbrella synthesis of meta‐analyses on child maltreatment antecedents and interventions: differential susceptibility perspective on risk and resilience
  Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Marian J. Bakermans‐Kranenburg, Barry Coughlan, Sophie Reijman
  Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.2020; 61(3): 272.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate nurses’ perceptions on child abuse.
Methods
In this cross-sectional descriptive study, data were collected using a questionnaire and 217 nurses working in seven general hospitals were surveyed. The perception scale was divided into 4 subscales: physical, psychological, sexual abuse and neglect.
Results
Nurses who suspected child abuse accounted for 18.1% of the nurses, and 41.9% of the nurses stated that they did not to report suspected child abuse. The nurses reported receiving only a little education about the prevention of child abuse. The mean score for perception on child abuse was high (3.59±0.31). Recognition of sexual abuse ranked highest, psychological abuse ranked lowest.
Conclusion
The findings from this research provide baseline information for understanding nurses’ perceptions on child abuse, and may help in the development of appropriate education programs that will enable nurses to report child abuse.

Citations

• The role of nurses in child abuse situations: a systematic review
  Bomi Kim, Sunyeob Choi
  Child Health Nursing Research.2025; 31(1): 4.     CrossRef
• Effects of nursing students’ ability to empathize, recognize children’s rights, and perceive child abuse on their intention to report child abuse
  Hye-Seon Lee, Hyunkyung Choi
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2024; 30(1): 61.     CrossRef
• The effects of action learning-based education of nursing students on the perception of child abuse
  Nam Hye Ri, Sun Jung Park
  International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIE.2023; 10(11): 14.     CrossRef
• Child Abuse Awareness and Reporting Intention among Nursing and Education Students
  Yeseul Jeong, Sang Youn Jang, Min Kyung Song, Da Jeong Kum, Sae Eun Park, Kyung Sook Bang
  Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Educ.2019; 25(2): 216.     CrossRef

Purpose
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and to describe the characteristics of child abuse screening instruments.
Methods
Articles regarding the development of a child abuse screening instrument were investigated using the systematic review method. A literature search using the keywords “child and abuse or maltreatment and instrument or screening tool” in English, and “child,” “abuse,” and “instrument” in Korean, was conducted of material published in PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SCOPUS, ERIC, and RISS. Database and bibliographic searches, and quality appraisal using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool that included systemic reviews, yielded 17 records.
Results
Key elementary child abuse screening instruments were developed for physical, psychiatric, affective and sexual and child neglect assessment. The instruments’ target populations were children at home and in institutions. The reviewed instruments had the advantage of diagnosing past, concurrent, and indirectly, potential child abuse.
Conclusion
The results of this study demonstrate that child abuse screening instruments are available for screening and for assessment of abused children in various circumstances. This review of child abuse screening instruments offers evidence for the acceptable use of optimal psychometric tools for child abuse assessment and provides guidelines for child health nursing practice.

Citations

• A Systematic Review Evaluating Psychometric Properties of Parent or Caregiver Report Instruments on Child Maltreatment: Part 2: Internal Consistency, Reliability, Measurement Error, Structural Validity, Hypothesis Testing, Cross-Cultural Validity, and Cri
  Sangwon Yoon, Renée Speyer, Reinie Cordier, Pirjo Aunio, Airi Hakkarainen
  Trauma, Violence, & Abuse.2021; 22(5): 1296.     CrossRef
• Reliability and Validity of Korean Version of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory
  Sona Lee, Hye Young Ahn
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(2): 85.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was done to provide basic data for sexual abuse prevention programs for elementary school students by comparing stated needs of the students and teachers.
Methods
The participants were 4th, 5th, and 6th grade elementary school students and elementary school teachers. Data from questionnaires completed by 1,372 students and 162 teachers were analyzed.
Results
1) The mean scores for felt need for sexual abuse prevention education was relatively high in both of the elementary school student and teacher groups but there was a significant difference between the two groups (t = 15.28, p < .001). 2) In the elementary school students, there was a significant difference in the degree of need for sexual abuse prevention education according to father’s educational level (t = 2.89, p = .004), experience of sexual education (t = 3.11, p = .006), and recognition of the necessity of sexual abuse education (t = 7.56, p < .001). 3) In the elementary school teachers, there was no significant difference in the degree of need for sexual abuse prevention education according to the participants’ socio-demographic and sexual abuse prevention education related characteristics.
Conclusion
When planning educational programs on child sexual abuse prevention, needs of the elementary school students should be considered. Then, the educational program at school would be more effective.

Citations

• Effectiveness of the child sexual abuse prevention program
  Yeon Kyu Lee, Gaeun Kim
  Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2025; 42(2): 25.     CrossRef
• Effect of a digital sexual violence prevention education program on digital sexual violence prevention knowledge, self-protection behavior, and digital citizenship among fifth-grade children: a quasi-experimental study
  Miae Oh, Sukhee Ahn
  Women's Health Nursing.2025; 31(4): 379.     CrossRef
• An Integrative Literature Review on Sexual Abuse Prevention Education Programs for Elementary School Students in South Korea
  Hyewon Shin, Jung Min Lee, Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 435.     CrossRef
• Development of a Sexual Abuse Prevention Education Program for Elementary School Students Using a Hybrid Application
  Shin-Jeong Kim, So-Ra Kang, Jung Min Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 109.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was designed to explore nursing students’ knowledge, attitudes and intention to report cases of child abuse.
Methods
A descriptive research design was used with a convenience sample of 202 nursing students. After explaining the purpose of the study, participants who signed the consent form were asked to complete a self-descriptive questionnaire, which included the Child Abuse Intension Scale (CARIS).
Results
The number of correct answers for knowledge of child abuse and the law was 7.0 /13. The mean scores were, for attitude toward childrearing belief and discipline, 17.1 ± 5.2, for punishment and culpability of offender or victim, 24.6 ± 4.1, for professional responsibility, 30.5±5.1, and for perceived behavioral control, 25.3±5.0. The intended reporting behavior differed significantly by severity of abuse. Factors influencing the intention to report child abuse were attitude towards punishment of parents, professional responsibility, and perceived behavioral control (R² = .133).
Conclusion
On the basis of our finding, developing education programs to help nursing students detect child abuse and improve reporting rates is important. Thus, we suggests that nursing students be provided with educational protocol for detection and reporting of child abuse.

Citations

• Effects of nursing students’ ability to empathize, recognize children’s rights, and perceive child abuse on their intention to report child abuse
  Hye-Seon Lee, Hyunkyung Choi
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2024; 30(1): 61.     CrossRef
• The Reliability and Validity of the Greek Version of the Child Abuse Report Intention Scale (CARIS) Questionnaire for Midwives, Along With Factors Associated With Their Intention to Report Child Abuse and Neglect
  Eleni Theodoridou, Athanasios Sachlas, Alexandra Soldatou, Victoria Vivilaki, Angeliki Antonakou
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The effects of action learning-based education of nursing students on the perception of child abuse
  Nam Hye Ri, Sun Jung Park
  International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIE.2023; 10(11): 14.     CrossRef
• Awareness Levels of Child Neglect and Abuse in Nursing Students
  Suzan ÖZKAN
  OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors Associated with Nursing Students’ Intention to Report Needlestick Injuries: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior
  Nelson A. Ditching, Angel Grace F. Furatero, Razilee Vania S. Iquiña, Aira Darlyn M. Sabulao, Jason M. Supremo, Ryan Michael Flores Oducado
  Nurse Media Journal of Nursing.2020; 10(3): 234.     CrossRef
• The effect of training program on the knowledge level of midwifery students about child abuse
  EsraTural Büyük
  Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences.2019; 6(4): 171.     CrossRef
• A Survey of Nurses’ Perceptions on Child Abuse
  Hae Young Min, Shin-Jeong Kim, Jung Min Lee, So-Ra Kang, Ji-eun Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(2): 229.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to facilitate home visits to assess the current rate of child abuse in order to provide an agenda for the early detection and prevention of child abuse and neglect in Korea.
METHODS
For this retrospective descriptive research, 20 public health centers were selected, 1,991 families were visited and 2,680 children were assessed.
RESULTS
We found 415 cases (15.5%) of potential abuse and 7 cases (0.3%) of actual abuse. The greatest risk group was to children age 4 to 6 years. According to the HOME Inventory, there were 17 infants (5.8%) presenting a potential risk for child abuse and neglect.
CONCLUSION
Visitation screening is highly recommended for prevention in the high-risk preschool age group.

Citations

• A Survey of Nurses’ Perceptions on Child Abuse
  Hae Young Min, Shin-Jeong Kim, Jung Min Lee, So-Ra Kang, Ji-eun Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(2): 229.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the perception of marital conflict and child rearing attitudes on abuse experience and emotional maladjustment behavior in children.
METHODS
Data were collected from May 25 to June 5, 2009. A questionnaire survey was used with 320 elementary school students. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS
For effects of perception of marital conflict and child rearing attitude on abuse experience among these children, authoritarian controlling disposition, affectionate disposition and marital conflict had a significant impact on their overall abuse experience. These variables were predictors of child abuse and accounted for 30.6% of the variance. For effects of perception of marital conflict, child rearing attitude and abuse experience on emotional maladjustment behavior among children, there was a significant influence for marital conflict, neglect, emotional abuse and authoritarian controlling disposition. These variables were predictors of emotional maladjustment behavior and accounted for 21.5% of the variance.
CONCLUSION
The results indicate that marital conflict and child rearing attitude are two major variables affecting children's abuse experience and emotional maladjustment behavior.

Citations

• Family conflict and problematic smartphone use among Chinese adolescents: Mediating and moderating roles of resiliency
  Ruimei Sun, Chun Feng, Anise M. S. Wu, Juliet Honglei Chen
  Family Relations.2026; 75(1): 160.     CrossRef
• Awareness and Attitudes Towards Violence and Abuse among Emergency Nurses
  Ok-Hee Cho, Kyeong-Sook Cha, Yang-Sook Yoo
  Asian Nursing Research.2015; 9(3): 213.     CrossRef
• A Predictive Model of Behavioral Problems in Elementary School Children.
  Hee Seung Song, Hee Sun Shin
  Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Effect of Infant Health Problem, Mother's Depression and Marital Relationship on Infant Abuse in Korea: Mediating Pathway of Marital Relationship
  Kyoung-Eun Kim, Jung-Hyun Choi, Young Hee Kim
  Asian Nursing Research.2014; 8(2): 110.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
S: The purposes of this study were to examine knowledge related to child abuse, attitudes toward child abuse, and intention to report child abuse and to identify the predictors of nurses' intention to report child abuse.
METHOD
A descriptive-correlational study was conducted. Participants were 171 nurses who worked in the pediatric or emergency rooms in G city. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis.
RESULTS
Nurses had a limited knowledge related to child abuse. Nurses had negative attitudes toward child discipline, were inclined to punish the abuser, and had positive attitudes about professional responsibility for reporting child abuse. Nurses perceived difficulty in the actual behavior of reporting child abuse. Nurses' intention to report child abuse was predicted by nurses' attitudes to professional responsibility for reporting child abuse.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings of this study, educational programs need to be developed, implemented, and evaluated. The conclusion of this study is that supplementary education is needed for multidisciplinary decision making concerning the role of the nurses within the context of child abuse.Implications for nursing practice, education and research are discussed.

PURPOSE
This survey was done to describe parenting self-efficacy and beliefs in corporal punishment as they are related to child abuse. Also demographic variables that influence child abuse were investigated.
METHOD
A cross-sectional study was conducted during the second week of April 2002. The 160 participants were parents of students in five elementary schools in the J area of Korea. They replied to a structured questionnaire, and 129 replies were included in the final analysis. The WIN SPSS program was used for the analysis.
RESULT
Parenting self-efficacy, beliefs in corporal punishment and child abuse showed no significant differences according to gender of the children. Child abuse by parents has significantly negative correlation with parenting self-efficacy (r=-.369, p=.000), socioeconomic states of family(r=-.290, p=.001), educational level of mother(r=-.211, p=.027), educational level of father(r=-.342, p=.000), parent's age(r=-.200, p=.028). Stepwise multiple regression showed that parenting self-efficacy and beliefs in corporal punishment significantly influence child abuse in Korean parents.
CONCLUSION
As parenting self-efficacy explained 49.7% of child abuse, it is the most important variable for preventing child abuse. Belief in corporal punishment was the second most important variable in preventing child abuse. These two variables explained 53.3% of variance in child abuse by parents.