Purpose
This study aimed to identify the mediating and moderating effects of mindset and psychological collectivism, respectively, on the relationship between grit and nursing intention for children with emerging infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), among pediatric nurses.
Methods
We conducted a crosssectional descriptive study with 230 pediatric nurses.
Results
Grit directly impacted mindset (β=.27, p<.001) and nursing intention (β=.20, p=.001). The direct effect of mindset on nursing intension (β=.28, p<.001) and the indirect effect of grit on nursing intension via mindset (β=.08, p<.001) were significant. Accordingly, mindset mediated the effect of grit on nursing intention. The effects of grit and psychological collectivism (β=.19, p=.003), respectively, on nursing intention were significant. However, the interaction between grit and psychological collectivism was not significant. Thus, psychological collectivism did not moderate the effect of grit on nursing intention.
Conclusion
The findings demonstrate the importance of pediatric nurses' grit and mindset on their intended care for patients in critical situations. Cultivating a gritty culture and developing interventions to enhance nurses' personality traits associated with their performance will be crucial, and such measures are especially salient for pediatric nurses to face the new adjustments required in the era of COVID-19.

Citations

• Cultivation of Grit in Nursing Students: A Qualitative Descriptive Study “Cultivation of Grit”
  Carolyn Spriggs Muchna
  SAGE Open Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Protecting language teachers from burnout: The roles of teaching mindset, teaching grit, and emotion regulation
  Majid Sadoughi, S. Yahya Hejazi, Gholam Hassan Khajavy
  Language Teaching Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The associated factors of disaster literacy among nurses in China: a structure equation modelling study
  Yan Yang, Yuping Zhang, Yuanfei Liu, Qian Li, Lizhu Wang, Yong Du, Meijuan Lan, Jingfen Jin
  BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Psychological capital, grit and organizational justice as positive strengths and resources among registered nurses: A path analysis
  Mervi Flinkman, Ann Rudman, Miko Pasanen, Helena Leino‐Kilpi
  Nursing Open.2023; 10(8): 5314.     CrossRef
• Association between Grit and depressive symptoms at the timing of job start among medical residents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a cross-sectional study
  Yu Akaishi, Nobutoshi Nawa, Ayako Kashimada, Yasuhiro Itsui, Eriko Okada, Masanaga Yamawaki
  Medical Education Online.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to understand and explore the essences of Korean mothers‘ experiences of caring for visually impaired children.
Methods
Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews using open-ended questions. Five mothers of children with visual impairments participated in the interviews. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using phenomenological analysis.
Results
Analysis with Colaizzi’s method showed two categories which included 14 themes in 4 theme clusters. The first category was ‘surviving in the dark reality’ included 2 theme clusters, of ‘outcrying in the darkness’ and ‘enduring the darkness while caring for my child alone’. The second category was ‘living as the light of maternal affection’ including 2 theme clusters of ‘preparing the light to shine in the darkness’ and ‘going through the darkness with the lights of love’.
Conclusion
The findings from this study provide deep understanding of mothers‘ experiences of caring for visually impaired children. Based on the results of the study, health professionals can develop effective family nursing interventions to improve the quality of life for these families including the visually impaired children and their mothers.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this research was to develop an interpersonal caring program "Muldan Dongsan" for vulnerable adolescents in mental health clinics and to identify the effect of this program.
METHODS
The interpersonal caring program was composed of group interpersonal caring (one time per week for two weeks, for a total of 8 hr) and individual interpersonal caring (1-2 times per day for 2 weeks). For this research, a non-synchronized quasi-experimental model including nonequivalent experimental and control groups was used. The experimental group was made up of 17 students and the control group, of 22 students. The data were collected from May 11 to July 25, 2009 and the collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program.
RESULTS
The interpersonal caring program "Muldan Dongsan" was effective for mental health, including self-esteem, hope, and quality of life for vulnerable adolescents.
CONCLUSION
The positive findings on the effectiveness of the interpersonal caring program "Muldan Dongsan" and the participants' high satisfaction with this program indicate that it can be utilized actively as a specific nursing intervention program for adolescents at school and in the community.

Citations

• Analysis of Korean Nursing Studies Applied in Interpersonal Caring Theory
  Heeyoung Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursi.2020; 27(2): 116.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to develop a theory on the early childhood caring experience of North Korean refugee mothers and how such caring affects how they deal with the socio-psychological problems they face as North Korean refugees.
METHODS
Data were gathered by in-depth interviews, participant observation, and medical records, and were analyzed using the Grounded Theory methods of Strauss and Corbin (1998).
RESULTS
From open coding 62 concepts, 23 subcategories and 11 categories were derived, and the North Korean refugee mothers' caring experience was revealed to be 'hopeful upbringing'. A central theme common to the participants was 'coexistence of expectations and worries'.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study provide theoretical grounds to understand North Korean refugee mothers' child care experiences and offer personalized nursing and a deeper understanding of their needs by looking at their experience. Findings may also be useful to help nurses who care for North Korean refugee mother-child dyads in the community and in clinical settings to gain insight on this special needs group, and facilitate the development of interventions based on better understanding of the mothers' experiences.

Citations

• 가족관계에서 탈북청년들의 신념변화에 관한 질적 연구: 부모-자녀관계에서 ‘좋은 부모’에 관한 인식을 중심으로*
  주람 전, 일현 배, 지홍 배, 윤정 신
  Journal of Family Relations.2024; 28(4): 93.     CrossRef
• Comparing the nutritional status of children and adolescents from North Korean defector families and South Korean families
  So-Yeong Kim, Seong-Woo Choi, Jong Park, So-Yeon Ryu, Mi-Ah Han, Sun-Young Park
  BMJ Open.2021; 11(10): e052059.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
To investigate the relationships among mother's perception of her own newborn, her caring-confidence level, and her child-rearing attitude; and to provide data for developing effective nursing education programs on maternal newborn care.
METHOD
Explorative survey questionnaires were completed by 159 married mothers of newborns from November 2003 to March 2004. Data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 10.0 by t-test and Pearson's Correlation coefficient.
RESULTS
The mean scores of the mother's perception of her own newborn, her caring-confidence level, and her child-rearing attitude were .26, 3.13, and 3.43 respectively. There was a positive correlation between mother's perception of her own newborn and her child-rearing attitude. There was a significant correlation between mothers caring-confidence level and her child-rearing attitude. Score of caring-confidence was significantly different depending on the availability of helper and history of delivery.
CONCLUSION
Availability of helper and history of delivery significantly affected mothers caring-confidence. This in turn, along with mothers perception of her own newborn, enhanced mothers child-rearing attitude. Thus, an effective education for mothers should include these factors.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic disease of childhood. Although an improved understanding of the pathophysiology of asthma has had a positive impact on the treatment and management of the disease, there has been a gradual but significant increase in asthma mortality. Also, mother's caring type is the essential factor in management of the child with asthma. The purpose of this study is to identify and understand the caring patterns of mathers of children with Athma by Q methodology. As a research method, 35 Q-statements were collected through individual interviews and review of related literatures. 37 subjects were interviewed and the data were analyzed by the PC QUANL program with principal component analysis. The were 3 different caring types classified as follows : Type I was the therapeutic compliance obeying type, compliancing medication and preventing cold etc. Type II was the physical strengthening type, taking Chinese medicine and folk remedy etc. Type III was the environment control type, managing house and environment clearly and ventilating room air etc. Therefore, it needs considering above each type in nursing care of the family and children with asthma.

The purpose of this study was to find whether the educational program contributed to the increase of caring confidence and rearing attitude of the newborn mothers. The subjects for this study were 40 newborn mothers-20 control group and 20 experimental group-who delivered a normal neonate and were gotten general informations from the nurses at the K medical center in Seoul. Especially, the experimental group was educated for 30-40 minutes in maternal educational program through lectures, demonstrations, discussion with textbooks and visual materials by a researcher at 2-3 days after delivery. The data were collected two times-at 2-3 days after delivery and at 4 weeks after discharge-from October, 1998 to January, 1999 by investigators interviewing with a structured questionnaire. Pharis(1978)'s self confidence scale was used after some modification to measure caring confidence and Cohler's maternal attitude scale to check mother's rearing attitude. Analysis of data was done by using of frequency, %, chi-square-test, Independent sample t-test. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The Confidence of the experimental group was significant higher than the control group(t=2.519, p=.016) and the rearing attitude changed more positively(t=5.545, p=.000). 2. In the confidence scale, the statements having a significant change were holding a baby, changing diapers, feeding, and caring umblicus. 3. In the rearing attitude scale, the statements having a significant change were 12 of 20 statements.

The purpose of this study was to find educational needs of toddler's mother in child-caring experience. The subject of the study was toddler's mother who visited one health care center in J city for immunization and had a child or children between twelve and thirty six months old. The subjects were 37 mothers. The instrument used for this study was a semi-structured questionnaire developed by researcher and based on Objective Content Test of Garretson(1967). The Collected data were analized by two researchers using the method of content Analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1) Of the large categories, the need of the highest frequency was 'prevention and management of disease and injury', that of the lowest 'growth and development'. 2) In 'physical care' category, 'care of sleeping' was the highest. In 'nutrition and eating-habitual management' category, 'weaning management' was the highest. In 'prevention and management of disease and injury' category, 'disease management' was the highest. In 'discipline and teaching' category, 'discipline' was the highest. 3) In comparison with preceding references, the educational needs of child-caring which had not been shown in preceding references but had been shown in this study were hair-caring, kind of weaning diet, method of cure and nursing, management of deformity, and so on. In conclusion, educational needs of toddler's mother in child-caring experience were matter-of-fact and inclusive. Needs in management of special situation such as disease were higher than usual parenting procedure or method. In addition, there were higher needs in questions happened through child-caring experience or confirmation of procedures practicing now. Then, it is suggested that parent education program should be developed on the basis of educational needs found in this study to be more effective in preparing mothers's child-caring.

PURPOSE
This study was designed to construct a structural model to explain the quality of life of grandmothers caring for their grandchildren.
METHOD
Data were collected by self-report questionnaires from 232 grandmothers caring for their grandchildren living in Busan. The data collection period was from June to Oct. 2006. Data analysis was done with SAS 9.13 for descriptive statistics and PC-LISREL 8.52 program for Covariance Structural analysis.
RESULTS
The findings found that the fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good, but considering theoretical implications and statistical significances of parameter estimates, paths and variables of the model were modified by excluding 2 paths. The Modified Model with 17 paths showed a good fitness to the empirical data (chi-square =15.492 (df=11, p=.161), GFI=.985 AGFI=.940 NFI=.982 RMSR=.037 RMSEA=.042). Health status, health problems, economical status, life events, caring stress, caring efficacy and life satisfaction had significant effects on quality of life in the grandmother caring their grandchildren, but of these variables, self-esteem was the most essential factor. All predictive variables of quality of life together explained 63.9% of the variance.
CONCLUSION
The derived model in this study was confirmed to be proper in explaining and predicting the quality of life of the grandmothers caring their grandchildren.