Purpose
This study aimed to identify distinct subjective viewpoints regarding the perceived effects of energy drink consumption among South Korean male high school students.
Methods
Using Q methodology, a concourse of statements was developed through interviews and literature reviews, and refined into 35 Q samples. Forty male high school students were recruited via snowball sampling to reflect diverse consumption patterns and attitudes. Participants sorted the Q samples using a forced distribution procedure. Data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program.
Results
Four distinct groups of male adolescents were identified based on their perceived effects of energy drink consumption: (1) effect-oriented experience sharers, (2) ambivalent recognizers of experience, (3) alternative-seeking evaluators, and (4) emotionally reactive responders. These groups’ perceptions were shaped by peer influence, personal consumption experiences, and levels of self-regulation.
Conclusion
By typifying the subjective perceptions of Korean male high school students regarding energy drink consumption, this study provides a foundational understanding of how adolescents interpret and respond to such health behaviors. These insights can guide the development of tailored health education programs that address the unique needs and attitudes of each group.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting parents' intentions to have their children aged 5-11 years vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods
The participants of the study were 298 parents with children aged 5-11 years in South Korea. Data collection took place from October 20 to October 26, 2022 and used an online survey (Google Forms). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t test, analysis of variance, the Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression in IBM SPSS version 26.0.
Results
The factors influencing participants' vaccination intentions for their children aged 5-11 years were cognitive behavioral control (β=.40, p<.001), attitudes (β=.37, p<.001), subjective norms (β=.20, p<.001), and awareness of whether their child could receive the COVID-19 vaccine (β=.07, p=.016). The explanatory power of the regression equation was 89%.
Conclusion
Parents' intentions to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 are influenced by their attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control toward vaccines. Since parents are concerned about vaccine side effects, it is important to establish a trusted line of communication to keep them informed about vaccinations.

Purpose
A tobacco-free campus (TFC) is the most advanced tobacco-control policy for college campuses, but it has rarely been explored in Korea. This study aimed to explore Korean college students’ attitudes toward TFC and related factors.
Methods
This cross-sectional descriptive study enrolled college students who were taking an elective course on smoking cessation and a healthy lifestyle at a university located in Incheon, Korea. Data were collected from March 1 to December 31, 2019 using a structured questionnaire, and study participants were recruited using convenience sampling.
Results
Data on 309 college students were analyzed. Of those participants, 6.1% supported the TFC policy. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that female gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=5.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.47-22.95), taking the course to quit smoking oneself (aOR=11.03, 95% CI=1.04-117.05), anxiety in the past month (aOR=4.27, 95% CI=1.06-17.31), and being a current smoker (aOR=0.06, 95% CI=0.01-0.70) were statistically significant independent predictors of TFC support.
Conclusion
Women, students taking the course to quit smoking themselves, nonsmokers, and students who felt anxious in the past month were more likely to support TFC. Further research with more representative samples is required to examine the characteristics of people who favor TFC.

Citations

• Tobacco-free university campus policies: A systematic review
  Diane Geindreau, Anne Girault, Karine Gallopel-Morvan
  Journal of American College Health.2025; 73(8): 3107.     CrossRef
• Breaking new ground in tobacco control: student reactions to France’s first smoke-free campus
  Karine Gallopel-Morvan, Etienne Gnonlonfin, Jocelyn Raude, Janet Hoek, Nicolas Sirven
  BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• What are the effects of smoke-free and tobacco-free university campus policies, and how can they be assessed? A systematic review
  Etienne Gnonlonfin, Diane Geindreau, Karine Gallopel-Morvan
  Journal of Epidemiology and Population Health.2024; 72(2): 202520.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study presents a translation, cultural adaptation, and psychometric evaluation of two instruments of the Fertility Awareness and Attitudes Towards Parenthood (FAAP) questionnaire (Conditions and Life changes) for use in South Korea.
Methods
This methodological study included 166 university students for psychometric evaluation in the sixth step. The first five steps included forward translation, backward translation, committee review, assessment of content validity, and a pre-test. In the sixth step, psychometric properties, including internal consistency, construct validity, and criterion validity, were evaluated. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to identify the structure of the tool and to assess its validity.
Results
The Korean version showed acceptable internal consistency. Cronbach's ⍺ was .73 for FAAPC-conditions and .83 for FAAP-Life changes. FAAP-Conditions showed a four-factor structure (social conditions, relationship with partner, external environment, and child-rearing support) and FAAP-Life changes had a two-factor structure (reward and burden). In the confirmatory analysis, CMIN/DF, TLI, IFI, SRMR, CFI, and RMSEA were satisfactory.
Conclusion
This study provided preliminary evidence of the acceptability, reliability, and validity of the Korean version of the FAAP questionnaire in university students in South Korea. Nonetheless, further evaluation among Korean young adults is warranted to validate this instrument.

Purpose
This study investigated intentions and attitudes towards future parenthood and awareness of fertility among university students in South Korea.
Methods
The participants comprised 166 female and male undergraduate students enrolled at five universities. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to July 2019 using the Korean version of the Fertility Awareness Questionnaire and Attitudes of Parenthood. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics based on participants' general characteristics, the x² test to identify differences in intentions, and the t-test to evaluate attitudes towards parenthood and awareness of fertility in female and male students.
Results
Both female and male students desired to have two children, but they lacked awareness about fertility. The possibility of combining work and having children, along with the availability of childcare resources, impacted the desire for parenthood. Male students tended to consider parenthood as less impactful on their lives and careers than female students. Social structures might also impact the decision to have children.
Conclusion
It is important to provide health education emphasizing fertility awareness and parenthood in young adulthood so participants can consider these facts in advance. In addition, the government should provide resources for couples making parenthood decisions.

Citations

• Childbearing intentions and influencing factors among single young adults in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
  Hyewon Shin, Anna Lee, Sunyeob Choi, Minjeong Jo
  Child Health Nursing Research.2025; 31(1): 15.     CrossRef
• Does perceived gender conflict shape young Koreans' attitudes toward marriage and childbearing?
  Min‐Ah Lee, Rira Song, Juyeon Park
  Journal of Marriage and Family.2025; 87(4): 1816.     CrossRef
• Fertility Awareness and Parenthood Intentions Among Physicians in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Tahani Shar, Fatima Bakheit
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors influencing childbirth intention and the moderating role of values regarding children among nursing students in Korea: a cross-sectional study
  Yunmi Kim, Seryeong Kim
  Women's Health Nursing.2025; 31(3): 268.     CrossRef
• Women’s Attitudes Toward Fertility and Childbearing: A National Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia
  Deemah Ateeq AlAteeq, Ebtihag O. Alenzi, Reema Abdulrahman Alamri, Abeer Abdulkarim Aloraini, Dimah Saif Alassaf, Nujud Ibrahim Almutlaq, Shatha Saleh Aloglla, Albatool Abdullah Almajhad, Rana Hussain Jahhaf
  Healthcare.2025; 13(20): 2616.     CrossRef
• Gender equity and sustainable development through the lens of fertility intentions among highly educated women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Ruobing Mei, Minghui Tan, Mengyun Liu, Leesa Lin
  BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Parenthood intentions of 16–18-year-olds in England: a survey of school students
  Rina Biswakarma, Katherine Maslowski, Michael J. Reiss, Joyce C. Harper
  Human Fertility.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Assessment of Reproductive Health Knowledge Among College Students in Northwestern India: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Shilpa Dutta, Akash More, Sanket Mahajan, Neha Nawale, Namrata Choudhary, Deepti Shrivastava
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Gender differences in willingness for childbirth, fertility knowledge, and value of motherhood or fatherhood and their associations among college students in South Korea, 2021
  Hae Won Kim, Seo Yun Kim
  Archives of Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• University students’ fertility awareness and its influencing factors: a systematic review
  Yue Ren, Yue Xie, Qulian Xu, Miaochen Long, Ying Zheng, Lin Li, Changmin Niu
  Reproductive Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The role of the Coronavirus pandemic on childbearing intentions in Iranian women based on path analysis: A cross-sectional study
  Mojdeh Banaei, Nourossadat Kariman, Hamid Sharif Nia, Tahereh Mokhtarian-Gilani
  International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine .2023; 21(1): 43.     CrossRef
• Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Korean version of the fertility awareness and attitudes towards parenthood questionnaire
  Hyewon Shin, Minjoo Hong, Minjeong Jo, Jungmin Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 256.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to test a model for intention to discontinuation drinking high caffeinated beverages among undergraduate students. This model was based on the Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior and Becker’s health belief model.
Methods
Participants consisted of 201 undergraduate students. Data were collected by questionnaires from March 11 to May 24, 2019. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 22.0, AMOS 22.0 program.
Results
The assessment of the model indicated an acceptable fit (normed x²=1.65, goodness-of-fit index [GFI]=.83, adjusted GFI=.79, comparative fit index [CFI]=.92, standardized root mean square residual [SRMR]=.05, Tucker-Lewis index [TLI]=.91, normed fit index [NFI]=.87, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]=.07). Perceived behavior control, subjective norm, the subjective attitude was found to have a significant direct effect on the intention to discontinuation of drinking a high caffeinated beverage. The variances of this model explained 45.3% of the variance in intention to discontinuation of drinking a high caffeinated beverage.
Conclusion
These results suggest that a need to increase awareness of adverse effects and potential risks of high caffeinated beverage consumption in undergraduate students. Besides, the university and government should provide education and campaigns to prevent excessive high-caffeinated beverage consumption.

Citations

• Association Between Self-Perceived Oral Health, Stress, and Oral Symptoms in South Korean University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Jinhyoung Jeong, Wooyoung Jeong, Yuyeon Jung
  Healthcare.2025; 13(9): 984.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the influence of social media affinity on eating attitudes and body dissatisfaction among adolescents in the Philippines.
Methods
The participants were 114 junior high school students enrolled in 7th to 10th grade in Cavite Province, Philippines. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS, using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple linear regression.
Results
The factors affecting eating attitudes were body dissatisfaction (β=-.47, p<.001), social media affinity (β=.33, p<.001) and grade (10th grade) (β=-.28, p<.001), and the factors influencing body dissatisfaction were eating attitudes (β=-.65, p<.001) and social media affinity (β=.17, p=.041).
Conclusion
In order to promote healthy eating attitudes and to improve body satisfaction among Philippine adolescents, educational strategies tailored to social media users will be needed.

Citations

• Eating behaviors in the digital age: the role of social media and healthy diet literacy
  Muhammet Ali Çakır, Selma Fırat
  Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia,.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Investigating the relationship between social media use and the attitudes towards nutrition and body image shame among Iranian female students: A cross-sectional study
  Sogol Keyvanpour, Masoumeh Namazi, Fatemeh Hosseini, Narges Ebrahimi
  Medicine.2025; 104(4): e41383.     CrossRef
• Don't feel comfortable in your own skin? The relationship between body dissatisfaction and social media use – A meta-analytical approach
  Thomas Vlasak, Alfred Barth, Christoph Augner
  The European Journal of Psychiatry.2025; 39(3): 100297.     CrossRef
• The dark side of digital connectivity: smartphone dependency and body image issues in Filipino teens
  Jose Eric Mella Lacsa
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2025; 46(4): 294.     CrossRef
• Time Out: A Scoping Review of Non‐Duration Based Social Media Use Measures and Adolescent Mental Health
  Amanda M. Sursely, Bengi Baran, Gerta Bardhoshi, Jonathan M. Platt
  Journal of Adolescence.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Effect of Social Media Addiction on Eating Behaviour In Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Emine Kemaloğlu, Mehmetcan Kemaloglu
  Turkish Journal of Health Science and Life.2025; 8(3): 113.     CrossRef
• The relationship among positive body image, body esteem, and eating attitude in Iranian population
  Hamid Sharif-Nia, Erika Sivarajan Froelicher, Ozkan Gorgulu, Jason W. Osborne, Aleksandra Błachnio, Azadeh Rezazadeh Fazeli, Amir Hossein Goudarzian, Omolhoda Kaveh
  Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A structural modeling approach to determine the effects of orthorexia nervosa and social appearance anxiety on healthy lifestyle behaviors in young adults
  Fatma Elif Eroğlu, Nevin Şanlıer
  Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine.2024; 7(5): 529.     CrossRef
• Disordered eating attitude and associated factors among late adolescent girls in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
  Betlihem Muche Engdyhu, Kedir Abdela Gonete, Berhanu Mengistu, Netsanet Worku
  Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Social Media Use and Body Image Dissatisfaction Among University Students of Health Sciences in Saudi Arabia
  Ihdaa J Abdulwahab, Jumana H Khouja, Noha A Alzahrani, Amina Bargawi
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Impact of social media influence on eating behavior in mid and late adolescent children a cross-sectional study
  Aishwarya Patil, Gavishiddhayya Salimath, Mubashir Angolkar
  Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical R.2024; 17(2): 125.     CrossRef
• Relationship Between Obesity Awareness and Nutrition Attitude: A Sectional Study Among Secondary School Students
  Gulsun Ayran, Ozlem Karaca
  Galician Medical Journal.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Associations between social media, adolescent mental health, and diet: A systematic review
  Laurence Blanchard, Kaitlin Conway‐Moore, Anaely Aguiar, Furkan Önal, Harry Rutter, Arnfinn Helleve, Emmanuel Nwosu, Jane Falcone, Natalie Savona, Emma Boyland, Cécile Knai
  Obesity Reviews.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Body Weight Perception and Health-Related Behaviors Among U.S. Adolescents: Mediating Effects of Body Weight Control Behaviors
  So Hyun Park, Hanjong Park, Myles Faith
  The Journal of School Nursing.2022; 38(4): 397.     CrossRef
• The association between social media addiction and orthorexia nervosa, eating attitudes, and body image among adolescents
  Gamze Yurtdaş-Depboylu, Gülşah Kaner, Semiha Özçakal
  Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia,.2022; 27(8): 3725.     CrossRef
• Effect of Social Media Celebrities on Children’s Satisfaction with Their Body Image
  Raja Omar Bahatheg
  International Journal of Mental Health Promotion.2022; 24(1): 95.     CrossRef
• The influence of social media on body dissatisfaction among college students
  Mashael Suwailem Alruwayshid, Shatha Ahmed Alduraywish, Abrar Hmod Allafi, Abeer Sluman Alshuniefi, Enas Fahad Alaraik, Fatmah Alreshidi, Ebtehaj Almughais, Norah Suwailem Alruwayshid
  Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2021; 10(4): 1741.     CrossRef
• IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND PEER PRESSURE ON EATING BEHAVIORS OF ADOLESCENTS
  Maria Aslam, Jannat Gull Khan, Gullnoor Khan, Henna Asif, Nafela Atta, Aqsa Rafique, Tuba Tahir, Nabeera Ahmed, Ayesha .
  Pakistan BioMedical Journal.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to understand sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes, and the perceptions and actualities of sex education among parents of elementary school children.
Methods
This is a descriptive study with a sample size of 337. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis, including descriptive analyses, the t-test, and Pearson correlation analysis.
Results
More than 50% of the participants responded that primary sex education for young children should be the responsibility of the parents and that education should be stared during the elementary school period. A moderate correlation was found between parents’ sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes (r=.44). Most parents were afraid to provide sex education because of their unfamiliarity with teaching methods and their lack of knowledge. However, 50 of the parents wanted to receive sex-related education.
Conclusion
We found that parents would like to learn more about sex education from expert lectures or professional organizations. They were interested in topics including the sexual structure of males/females and sexual physiology. Open communication between parents and their children regarding sex-related issues is important. It is crucial to provide accurate and up-to-date sex education information to parents so that they can effectively teach their children at home.

Citations

• Parental Attitude Towards Sex Education: A Study of Demographic and Socio-Cultural Determinants in Rural Nigeria
  Abdullateef Raji, Lanre Abdul-Rasheed Sulaiman, Moshood Issa, Abubakar Yunusa Muhammed, Ridwan Olabisi Yusuff, Salihu Zakariyyah Abdulbaqi, Sunday Joseph Akor
  Sexuality Research and Social Policy.2026; 23(1): 217.     CrossRef
• Expressing LGBTQ+ sexuality as a child equated to life in purgatory: negativity, resistance and negotiation in Zimbabwe
  Taruvinga Muzingili, Beatrice Jera
  Cogent Social Sciences.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Predictors of parental attitudes towards sexual health education for persons with special needs
  Roland H. Gergely, Alina S. Rusu
  European Journal of Special Needs Education.2025; 40(2): 232.     CrossRef
• ‘I was afraid of being incapable of explaining things to them’: Ecuadorian parents’ perceptions of sex and sexuality education for their children
  Sofía Palacios-Jerves, Jessica Castillo-Núñez, Silvia López-Alvarado, Gabriela Aguilar, Nancy Arpi-Becerra
  Sex Education.2025; 25(6): 843.     CrossRef
• Sources of Sexual Knowledge and Information, and Sexual Attitudes of Men: A Narrative Synthesis of the Literature
  Darlene Mwende Ndasi, Victor Fannam Nunfam, Kwadwo Adusei-Asante, Madalena Grobbelaar, Anh Vo Van Ha
  Sexuality & Culture.2025; 29(1): 452.     CrossRef
• Beyond Basic Care: Cultivating Comprehensive Sexual Health Education for Malaysian Children with Special Educational Needs (SEN)
  Louisa Gee Ling Lee, Su Woan Wo, Chin Hun Gun, John Jamir Benzon Aruta
  Sexuality and Disability.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Theory of planned behavior-based cross-sectional study of family sex education for preschoolers in China: rural-urban comparative analysis
  Rong Zhang, Lu Lu, Ying Yu, Zhongxian Zhou, Hua Xia, Run Yan, Yunli Ye
  BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Parents’ Knowledge of Sexuality Education for Young Children: A Scoping Review of Studies in Asian Countries
  Yumo Ding, Kamariah Abu Bakar, Nurul Khairani Ismail
  European Journal of Educational Research.2025; 14(4): 1151.     CrossRef
• Pornography Exposure among Adolescents: Awareness, Attitudes and Knowledge of Malay Muslim Mothers
  Anisa Haida Norazman, Bisha Fathamah Uzir, Syahrir Zaini, Muhamad Ashraf Rostam, Siti Hazariah Abdul Hamid
  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE SCHOLARS .2025; 8(3): 158.     CrossRef
• Investigating Sexual Development and Self-Perceptions of Children with Mild Intellectual Disabilities and Typically Developing Children in the Scope of Mothers' Attitudes toward Sexual Identity Development
  Öznur Güldağ
  Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal.2025; 54(3): 1341.     CrossRef
• Laypeople’s Perceptions of Sexuality Education with Young Children Insights from a Convenient Sample of the Greek Orthodox Community
  Iraklis Grigoropoulos
  American Journal of Sexuality Education.2024; 19(3): 316.     CrossRef
• Effect of Sexual Health Education of Mothers on Their Comfort and Intention to Discuss Sex-Related Topics with Adolescent Girls: A Controlled Intervention Study
  Fatemeh Gheysari, Hajar Pasha, Hajar Adib-Rad, Mohamad Chehrazi, Mahbobeh Faramarzi, Shabnam Omidvar
  Archives of Sexual Behavior.2024; 53(1): 395.     CrossRef
• Parental access to ‘Sexual Conviction Record Check’ sex offender registry in Hong Kong
  Yu-Ju Huang, Gabriela Mohr, Monit Cheung, Patrick Leung
  Children and Youth Services Review.2024; 156: 107310.     CrossRef
• Exploring the relationship between mothers’ competence and comfort in sexual and reproductive health discourse with adolescent girls and its related factors
  Hajar Adib-rad, Hajar Pasha, Fatemeh Gheysari, Mohamad Chehrazi, Mahbobeh Faramarzi, Shabnam Omidvar
  International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and H.2024; 36(3): 269.     CrossRef
• Examining the Association of Sexual Health Knowledge and Sexual Attitude of Filipino College Students
  Aijeane L. Dela Torre, Hanah Bianca B. Dacillo, Angelina D. Babao, Marian Joy Q. Batiancila
  EIKI Journal of Effective Teaching Methods.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A preliminary examination of teachers’ and parents’ perspective on sexually inclusive primary education: The role of homophobic prejudice and moral disengagement
  Thanos Touloupis, Dimitrios Pnevmatikos
  Frontiers in Education.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Knowledge and attitude of sex education among secondary school students in south-western Nigeria: A cross-sectional study
  I.Y. Ademuyiwa, S.J. Ayamolowo, T.E. Oshinyemi, K.J. Oyeku
  Dialogues in Health.2023; 2: 100085.     CrossRef
• Attitudes of parents in the role of a father in Turkey toward child sex education and their sexual communication with their children
  Vildan Apaydin Cirik, Bahar Aksoy, Elif Bulut
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2023; 69: e105.     CrossRef
• Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents toward sexuality education for primary school children in China
  Wenjing Zhang, Yuzhi Yuan
  Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Parents’ attitude towards sexual and reproductive health communication: The case of Wa West district of the Upper West Region, Ghana
  Reuben Aren-enge Azie, Lawrence Bagrmwin, Mawuko Setordzi, Thomas Akuetteh Ndanu, Patience Aniteye
  International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences.2023; 18: 100551.     CrossRef
• Sexual and reproductive health communication between parents and adolescents: the case of Wa West District of the Upper West Region, Ghana
  
  Health Sciences Investigations Journal.2023; (Volume 4 I): 457.     CrossRef
• A study on the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the parenting outcome expectancy scale for parents of elementary school students
  Yoonjung Kim, Jungmin Lee, Ratchneewan Ross
  Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• AFFECTIVE-SEXUAL EDUCATION AS A CROSSROAD IN THE RELATIONSHIP WITH FAMILY AND SCHOOL
  Moisés Mañas Olmo, Blas González Alba, Pablo Cortés González
  Cadernos de Pesquisa.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• LA EDUCACIÓN AFECTIVO-SEXUAL COMO ENCRUCIJADA EN LA RELACIÓN FAMILIAS Y ESCUELA
  Moisés Mañas Olmo, Blas González Alba, Pablo Cortés González
  Cadernos de Pesquisa.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Sexuality education – do our children need it? Perspective of parents from coastal South India
  Vaishnavi Ballal, Rekha Thapar, Bhavya Sandepudi, Abinand Narayan, Manganahalli Devaraj, Shreehari Manikoth Jayarajan, Nithin Kumar, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Prasanna Mithra
  Sex Education.2022; 22(3): 379.     CrossRef
• Engaging parents and caregivers of system-involved youth in a sexual health intervention
  Alison Greene, Josephine D. Korchmaros
  Children and Youth Services Review.2022; 137: 106451.     CrossRef
• Parents’ attitudes towards conversations with their young children about sex: A cross-sectional study
  Jessica Jackson, Christine Rhodes, Yasuhiro Kotera
  British Journal of Child Health.2022; 3(4): 183.     CrossRef
• IDENTIFICAÇÃO POLÍTICA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM AS ATITUDES DIANTE DA EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL
  Lorena Gonçalves Rodrigues, Fernanda Dias Brandão, João Gabriel Modesto
  Revista Brasileira de Sexualidade Humana.2022; 33: 1062.     CrossRef
• Differences in Knowledeges and Attitudes Of Adolescents Before and After Being Given Health Promotion Regarding The dangers of Free Sex
  Paramitha Amelia Kusumawardani
  Jurnal Midpro.2022; 14(2): 228.     CrossRef
• Sex education and Afghan migrant adolescent women
  Razia Hakimi, Masoomeh kheirkhah, Jamileh Abolghasemi, Masumah Hakimi
  Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2021; 10(2): 791.     CrossRef
• Developing and Approving a LETS! Teach, Affirm, Learn, Know (LETS! T.A.L.K.) Curriculum for Grades K-2 in a Public-School System
  Mira Weil, Aneliese Apala Flaherty, Aline Gubrium
  American Journal of Sexuality Education.2021; 16(3): 325.     CrossRef
• Cinsel Eğitime Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği: Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik Çalışması
  Şehnaz Ceylan, İsmihan Artan, Fatma Betül Kurnaz Adıbatmaz
  Yaşadıkça Eğitim.2020; 34(2): 468.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the moderate drinking program based on social cognitive theory on changes in the drinking habits of college students with drinking problems.
Methods
This study included a total of 68 college students with drinking problems. These participants participated in 10 sessions of a moderate drinking program in which social cognitive theory was applied. Changes in the cognition and behaviors of the participants were then investigated.
Results
The moderate drinking program based on social cognitive theory for college students with drinking problems was effective in increasing the subjects' drinking-related knowledge (U=191.50, p<.001), enhancing their drinking refusal self-efficacy(t=8.02, p<.001), and changing their drinking-related attitudes (U=108.50, p<.001), drinking outcome expectancy (t=8.68, p<.001), amount of drinking in a single session (x2=25.72, p<.001), number of drinking sessions per month (x2=10.05, p=.006), and problem drinking behaviors (t=5.77, p<.001).
Conclusion
These results can be used to inform a regular on-campus intervention programs for moderate drinking, and to implement education about moderate drinking, thereby increasing the success rate of drinking reduction.

Citations

• Alcohol use and binge drinking in baccalaureate nursing students: A descriptive study
  Lisa A. Ruth-Sahd, Melissa A. Schneider
  Journal of Professional Nursing.2022; 38: 114.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of perceptions of death, end-of-life (EOL) care stress, and emotional intelligence on attitudes toward EOL care among nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods
The participants were 111 nurses working in a NICU who had experienced EOL care at least once. Data were analyzed using the t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis in SPSS for Windows.
Results
The mean score for perceptions of death was 3.16 out of 5, the mean score for EOL care stress was 3.61 out of 5, the mean emotional intelligence score was 4.66 out of 7, and the average score for EOL care attitudes was 2.77 out of 4. The factors affecting attitudes towards EOL care were academic degree, anxiety regarding death, negativity towards death, experiences of patient death, and emotional intelligence. The explanatory power of these variables for attitudes towards EOL care was 24.7%.
Conclusion
The results of this study are expected to serve as a basic reference for the development of nursing education programs and EOL care protocols to improve attitudes toward EOL care among NICU nurses.

Citations

• Perceived stress in end-of-life care: a qualitative study of Iranian nurses' experiences
  Royani Zahra, Yazdi Khadijeh, Mahmoodi Shen Gholam Reza
  International Journal of Palliative Nursing.2025; 31(1): 30.     CrossRef
• The Effectiveness of Emotional Intelligence-Driven End-of-Life Care Simulation for Nursing Students
  Nasreen M. Alghamdi, Hsiao-Lan Wang, Harleah G. Buck, Laura Szalacha
  Clinical Simulation in Nursing.2024; 87: 101490.     CrossRef
• Palliative Care for Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Eun Sook Kim, Sue Kim, Sanghee Kim, Sujeong Kim, So Yoon Ahn, Hyejung Lee
  Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing.2024; 26(1): 14.     CrossRef
• Describing Nurses’ Work and Educational Needs in Providing Neonatal Palliative Care: A Narrative Review
  Julia St. Louis, Karen Benzies, Shelley Raffin-Bouchal, Shane Sinclair
  Neonatal Network.2024; 43(1): 35.     CrossRef
• Do spirituality and emotional intelligence improve the perception of the ability to provide care at the end of life? The role of knowledge and self-efficacy
  Maria de Lurdes da Costa Martins, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Carlos Duarte Coelho Peixeira Marques, Rui Miguel Barros Cunha Carvalho
  Palliative and Supportive Care.2024; 22(5): 1109.     CrossRef
• Simulation, Storytelling, and Pediatric End-of-Life Care: A Continuing Professional Development Approach for Nurse Residents
  Avery McNall, Karen Lucas Breda, Katherine A. Hinderer
  Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Nursing.2024; 41(3): 220.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses’ Attitudes Towards Palliative Care on Death Anxiety and Burnout: An Analytic Cross-Sectional Study
  Fatma Uslu-Sahan, Fusun Terzioglu, Evrim A. Dizdar, Neslihan Kayademir, Derya K. Mutlu, Garibe Adıguzel, Gönül Tozlu, Tugce Baykal
  OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Educational Needs and Attitudes of Clinical Nurses Providing End-of-Life Care to Patients with Terminal Illness
  Kathryn Nicole Velichko, Annette Callis
  MEDSURG Nursing.2024; 33(3): 110.     CrossRef
• Profiling health professionals’ personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence: a systematic review
  C. Louwen, D. Reidlinger, N. Milne
  BMC Medical Education.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The competence of neonatal intensive care nurses: A systematic review
  Eeva Talus, Hanna Seppänen, Kristina Mikkonen, Anna-Kaija Palomaa, Tarja Pölkki
  Nurse Education Today.2023; 128: 105892.     CrossRef
• Nurses’ attitudes and stress related to perinatal bereavement care in Korea: a cross-sectional survey
  Eunhui Kim, Hae Won Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2022; 28(2): 134.     CrossRef
• Hospital Nurses’ Perception of Death and Self-Reported Performance of End-of-Life Care: Mediating Role of Attitude towards End-of-Life Care
  Hyo-Jin Park, Yun-Mi Lee, Mi Hwa Won, Sung-Jun Lim, Youn-Jung Son
  Healthcare.2020; 8(2): 142.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Families’ Importance in Nursing Care-Nurses’ Attitudes (FINC-NA) instrument developed by Saveman et al.
Methods
The 222 pediatric nurses’ data were collected from 13 hospitals in South Korea and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the Cronbach’s ⍺ in SPSS software. The AMOS program was used to conduct confirmatory factor analysis of construct validity.
Results
Of the 26 initial items, 24 were ultimately selected after evaluating content validity, construct validity, and reliability. The following 6 factors were included in the Korean version of the Families’ Importance in Nursing Care-Pediatric Nurses’ Attitudes (KFINC-PNA): family as a ‘conversational partner’, ‘participant in care’, ‘supporter for the nurse’, ‘burden’, ‘recipient of empowerment’, and ‘its own resource’.
Conclusion
The KFINC-PNA was partially modified to explain differences in language and culture, but its validity and reliability were verified. Pediatric nurses’ attitudes can be assessed using the KFINC-PNA, and adjustments to the care of hospitalized children and their families can be made based on these items. We recommend developing and verifying intervention methods that will improve family-centered care for hospitalized children and their families.

Citations

• A framework to improve family involvement in the hospital nursing care of an autistic child
  Neil A. Williams, Dudu G. Sokhela, Thembelihle S.P. Ngxongo
  Curationis.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nursing Role in Managing Care for Patients Without Family Support
  Hadiya Saray Suwailem Al-Shammari, Nefayed Aldahw S Alhazmi, Mohammed Hameed Hamed Alzaidi, Abdullah Ibrahim Alothman, Alsultan, Mohammed Abdulrahman A, Mona Abdullah Husain Alanazi, Badriah Ali Alshamrani, Faizah Saleh Dhahawi Alanazi, Dalal Fal
  International Journal of Computational and Experim.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nurses’ Attitudes Toward the Importance of Families in Nursing Care: A Multinational Comparative Study
  Lisa A. Cranley, Simon Ching Lam, Sarah Brennenstuhl, Zarina Nahar Kabir, Anne-Marie Boström, Angela Yee Man Leung, Hanne Konradsen
  Journal of Family Nursing.2022; 28(1): 69.     CrossRef
• Wise Infant Development®: creation of a software for teaching in pediatric nursing education
  Wesley Soares de Melo, Isabelle e Silva Sousa, Samara Pereira Souza Mariano, Aglauvanir Soares Barbosa, Dayllanna Stefanny Lopes Lima Feitosa, Vanessa Emille Carvalho de Sousa Freire, Emanuella Silva Joventino Melo, Flávia Paula Magalhães Monteiro
  Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exploring the Influences of Nurses’ Partnership with Parents, Attitude to Families’ Importance in Nursing Care, and Professional Self-Efficacy on Quality of Pediatric Nursing Care: A Path Model
  So Yeon Yoo, Haeryun Cho
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2020; 17(15): 5452.     CrossRef
• Canadian Hospital and Home Visiting Nurses’ Attitudes Toward Families in Transitional Care: A Descriptive Comparative Study
  Lisa Hoplock, Michelle Lobchuk, Leslie Dryburgh, Nicole Shead, Rashid Ahmed
  Journal of Family Nursing.2019; 25(3): 370.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate mothers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infection prevention for their children.
Methods
In this descriptive study, data were collected using a questionnaire. A total 157 mothers of young children were surveyed regarding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infection prevention.
Results
The mean score of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infection prevention in mothers was found to be above average. There were significant differences in knowledge according to whether the mother was employed (t=2.82, p=.005) and in attitudes according to the mother’s age (t=2.13, p=.035). In addition, a significant correlation was found between knowledge and attitudes (r=.16, p=.014), and between attitudes and practices (r=.50, p<.001).
Conclusion
This research provides baseline information to understand mothers’ approaches to infection prevention for their children, and it may serve as a basis for providing educational programs that help infection prevention.

Citations

• The Effects of the Infant Health Promotion Program for Mothers with Their Firstborn Infants
  Chae-Min Yoon, Mi-Ae You
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(6): 666.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting parent health-promotion behavior in early childhood according to family cohesion: Focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic
  Song I. Park, In Young Cho
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2022; 62: 121.     CrossRef
• A Study on Determinants of COVID-19 Preventive Health Behaviors of Mothers with Young Children in South Korea
  Hye-Gyung An, Chae-Min Yoon
  Healthcare.2022; 10(10): 2111.     CrossRef
• The influence of mothers' health beliefs and attitudes on prevention of infectious diseases on preventive health behaviors of late school-aged children
  Suchang Ham, Hanyi Lee
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2021; 27(3): 287.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to identify factors affecting health promotion behaviors of upper grade elementary students.
Methods
A descriptive study was carried out with 282 fifth or sixth elementary school students from two cities, Korea. Data were collected using self-administrative questionnaires containing items on health knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and health promotion behavior, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Cronbach’s α, Pearson Correlation Coefficients, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program.
Results
There were significant positive correlations between health promotion behavior and health knowledge (r=.36, p<.001), attitudes (r=.41, p<.001), subjective norms (r=.36, p<.001), perceived behavior control (r=.49, p<.001). Perceived behavior control (β=.38, p<.001), health knowledge (β=.26, p<.001), perceived health status - good (β=.15, p=.005) were significant factors affecting health promotion behavior and explained 31%(F=43.29, p<.001) of variance.
Conclusion
Results indicate that level of health promotion behavior is appropriate and perceived behavior control is the most important factor for health promotion behavior among the predictors. These findings also suggest that it is necessary to promote perceived behavior control and health knowledge in developing health promotion intervention programs for these students, as well as a need to strengthen education on sex behavior and health, accident prevention and first aid.

Citations

• Factors affecting health promotion behavior of school-aged children in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
  Bo Ra Lim, Dong Hee Kim, Chung Min Cho
  Child Health Nursing Research.2025; 31(3): 165.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of a School-Based Health Education Using Social Networking Media to Promote Health Behaviors in Elementary School Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study
  Miyeon Eom, Jina Choo
  The Journal of School Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Health Intentions and Health-promoting Behavior on Selfesteem among School-aged Children in South Korea
  Jin Kim, Ga Eul Jeon, Nam Hyun Cha
  Current Pediatric Reviews.2023; 19(3): 304.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting parent health-promotion behavior in early childhood according to family cohesion: Focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic
  Song I. Park, In Young Cho
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2022; 62: 121.     CrossRef
• Analysis of the Dietary Life of Adolescents by Household Types in Korea using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
  Soo Jin Lee, Ho Kyung Ryu
  The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2021; 32(2): 285.     CrossRef
• Factors Affecting Health-Related Behaviors in Younger School-Age Korean Children
  Yong-Sook Eo, Ji-Soo Kim
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2020; 51: e1.     CrossRef
• Family socioeconomic status, parental attention, and health behaviors in middle childhood: A cross‐sectional study
  Yong‐Sook Eo, Ji‐Soo Kim
  Nursing & Health Sciences.2020; 22(2): 220.     CrossRef
• Factors Affecting Health Behaviors in Late School-aged Children from Multicultural Families
  Sangmi Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2020; 26(1): 23.     CrossRef
• Structural Equation Model of Health Promotion Behaviors in Late School-aged Children: Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior
  Ga Eul Jeon, Nam Hyun Cha
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 477.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was done to investigate the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practice toward breast self-examination (BSE) among middle and high school girls.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using self-report questionnaires. Participants were 412 students, 137 middle and 275 high school girls. Data were collected from December 7 to 23, 2016 and analyzed using t-test and Spearman correlation coefficient.
Results
The percentage of correct answers for knowledge about breast self-examination among middle and high school girls was 29.2%. The mean score for practice (5.89±0.10) among middle and high school girls was low. For knowledge, there were significant differences according to grade (t=5.93, p<.001), having heard about BSE (t=4.02, p<.001), experience of BSE (t=2.51, p=.012), and need for education (t=3.37, p=.001). In practice, there were significant differences according to having heard about BSE (t=3.64, p<.001), experience of BSE (t=2.64, p=.017). Knowledge level of BSE positively correlated with practice of BSE (r=.21, p<.001).
Conclusion
Research results suggest that education on BSE for middle and high school girls is needed to increase the possibility of early detection of breast cancer.

Citations

• Effects of smartphone application education combined with hands‐on practice in breast self‐examination on junior nursing students in South Korea
  So Ra Kang, Hyewon Shin, JungMin Lee, Shin‐Jeong Kim
  Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among knowledge and attitude toward palliative care and perception of death for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) nurses.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 110 nurses who work in NICUs in South Korea. The participants filled out a questionnaire regarding their knowledge, attitude towards palliative care and perception of death. The attitude scale was divided into 3 subscales: comfort level, nurses’ role and nurses’ involvement with family.
Results
Comfort level regarding attitude towards palliative care was positively correlated with knowledge (r=.220, p=.016) and the perception of death (r=.194, p=.042). Nurses’ role showed a positive correlation with perception of death (r=.395, p=.001).
Conclusion
NICU nurses’ knowledge of palliative care was below standard across the board, implying that there is a definite need for palliative care education for nurses. The education program for palliative care should include a section that focuses on fostering a positive perception of death as well as defining and delineating the role of nurses.

Citations

• The Influence of Hospice-Palliative Nursing Knowledge, Empathy, and Attitude toward End-of-Life Care on Spiritual Care Competence of Nurses in Long-Term Care Hospital
  Hye Jin Lee, Mi Sook Park
  Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2025; 28(2): 71.     CrossRef
• Nurses’ perceptions of end-of-life care in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units in Korea: a qualitative descriptive study using thematic analysis
  Hyo Jeong Lee, Hyejin Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2025; 31(4): 272.     CrossRef
• Support for the Right to Life among Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses in Korea
  Somin Kim, Sunhee Lee
  Asian Bioethics Review.2024; 16(2): 267.     CrossRef
• Development and Feasibility Evaluation of a Family‐Centred Neonatal End‐of‐Life Care Protocol
  Eun Sook Kim, Sue Kim, Sanghee Kim, Sujeong Kim, So Yoon Ahn, Hyejung Lee
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2024; 33(11): 4314.     CrossRef
• Perception of Nurses’ Knowledge about Palliative Care in West Bank/ Palestine: Levels and Influencing Factors
  Dalia Toqan, Malakeh Z. Malak, Ahmad Ayed, Shaher H. Hamaideh, Rasmieh Al-amer
  Journal of Palliative Care.2023; 38(3): 336.     CrossRef
• Psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Palliative Care Nursing Self-Competence scale for infant use
  Eun Sook Kim, Sujeong Kim, Kyua Kim, Hyejung Lee
  Australian Critical Care.2023; 36(6): 1019.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting senior nursing students’ willingness to palliative care
  Hyejin Go, Hyunju Kang
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2023; 29(3): 272.     CrossRef
• Nurses’ Perceived Needs and Barriers Regarding Pediatric Palliative Care: A Mixed-Methods Study
  Kyung-Ah Kang, SuJeong Yu, Cho Hee Kim, Myung-Nam Lee, Sujeong Kim, So-Hi Kwon, Sanghee Kim, Hyun Sook Kim, Myung-Hee Park, Sung Eun Choi
  The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2022; 25(2): 85.     CrossRef
• Nurses’ attitudes and stress related to perinatal bereavement care in Korea: a cross-sectional survey
  Eunhui Kim, Hae Won Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2022; 28(2): 134.     CrossRef
• Knowledge on Palliative Care and Associated Factors among Nurses in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Addisu Getie, Adam Wondmieneh, Melaku Bimerew, Getnet Gedefaw, Asmamaw Demis, Manfred Harth
  Pain Research and Management.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
• Comparison of the Attitudes of Nurses and Physicians toward Palliative Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
  Ha Na Jung, Hyeon Ok Ju
  The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2021; 24(3): 165.     CrossRef
• Influence of Perceptions of Death, End-of-Life Care Stress, and Emotional Intelligence on Attitudes towards End-of-Life Care among Nurses in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Ju-Young Park, Jina Oh
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(1): 38.     CrossRef
• Neonatal ICU Nurses’ Coping with Death of High Risk Newborn
  Yu Mi Kim, Hyu Yong Yoon, Yong-Jun Choi, Dong-Soo Shin
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2019; 44(2): 103.     CrossRef
• Nurses’ roles and challenges in providing end-of-life care in neonatal intensive care units in South Korea
  Sujeong Kim, Teresa A. Savage, Mi-Kyung Song, Catherine Vincent, Chang G. Park, Carol Estwing Ferrans, Karen Kavanaugh
  Applied Nursing Research.2019; 50: 151204.     CrossRef
• The relationship between Terminal Care Stress and Knowledge and Perception of Hospice-Palliative Care among Pediatric Nurses
  Eunyoung Park, Kyung-Sook Bang
  Perspectives in Nursing Science.2019; 16(2): 55.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels and correlations of epilepsy specific knowledge, attitude and anxiety in mothers of children with epilepsy.
Methods
Participants were 176 mothers of children with epilepsy living in B and Y cities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients with the SPSS 21.0 program.
Results
Participants scored 57.2 (±1.7) out of 100 points on epilepsy-related knowledge; 35.6 (±5.0) out of 48 points on attitude toward epilepsy; 58.1 (±15.3) out of 85 on anxiety related to a child’s epileptic condition. The participants had higher levels of epilepsy-related knowledge if their family monthly income was three million KRW or higher (t = -2.92, p = .004); if there was no side effect from the medication (t = -2.91, p = .004); and if the mothers’ perception of the child’s health was good (F = 6.181, p = .001). There was a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude related to epilepsy (r = .321, p < .001), and a negative correlation between knowledge and anxiety (r = -.257, p = .001).
Conclusion
Findings indicate that interventions which reduce mothers’ anxiety by providing epilepsy specific knowledge and help to achieve more positive attitudes to better ways of coping with child’s disease.

Citations

• Investigating family resilience factors for enhancing family adaptation in children with epilepsy
  Hyejun Kim, Anna Lee, Mina Park, Eun Kyoung Choi
  Epilepsy & Behavior.2024; 156: 109817.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify pediatric nurses' attitudes to, and compliance with, standard precautions in the prevention of hospital infections by enhancing their practice of standard precautions.
METHODS
The participants were 206 nurses who worked in pediatric nursing departments of a general medical institution in Seoul. The questionnaire was a modification of Kim (2008) and consisted of 18 questions about hand washing, personal protective equipment, sharps, linen and patient care equipment. Collected data were processed using SPSS 15.0 WIN.
RESULTS
Mean scores for attitudes to standard precautions and for compliance with standard precautions were 4.43 (+/-0.83) and 4.22 (+/-0.44) respectively. This difference was statistically significant (t=3.368, p=.001). The nurses' compliance with standard precautions differed significantly according to the general characteristics of age (F=8.705, p<.001), total clinical experience (F=9.426, p<.001), current department experience (F=6.555, p<.001), and education experience (t=0.616, p<.043). There was a positive correlation between attitudes to, and compliance with, standard precautions (r=.156, p=.025).
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that educational programs and policy on infection control and standard precautions for pediatric nurses are needed. Also these results should contribute to baseline data for establishing appropriate clinical policy on infection control.

Citations

• The Effects of Infection Control Perception, Job Stress, and Organizational Culture on Standard Precautions Compliance among Clinical Nurses
  Ji-Young Park, Tae-Hi Ha
  Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2025; 39(2): 221.     CrossRef
• Effect of Infection Control Education Based on Digital Story-telling for New Graduate Nurses
  Nuri Han, Ji-Hyun Kim, Insook Jang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursi.2022; 29(4): 517.     CrossRef
• A Study on Occupational Stress and Coping, Turnover, Knowledge and Practice of Infection Control in Dental Hygienists of COVID-19
  Hye-Rin Kwon, A-Young Gil, Ji-Min Kim, Ji-Seon No, Ga-Bin Park, Ji-Yune Oh, Na-Kyung Lee, Seol-Hee Kim
  Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2021; 21(4): 233.     CrossRef
• The Effect of on the Performance of Standard Precautions for Infection Prevention in Small and Medium-sized Hospital Nurses
  Gyoo-Yeong CHO, Hee-Ju MOON
  JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2020; 32(5): 1263.     CrossRef
• Association between Hospital Nurses’ Perception of Patient Safety Management and Standard Precaution Adherence: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Ji-Hye Lim, Jung-Won Ahn, Youn-Jung Son
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2019; 16(23): 4744.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Hemodialysis Unit Nurses' Compliance with Standard Precautions using Hierarchical Linear Modeling
  Miyeun Kim, Juhhyun Shin
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(2): 161.     CrossRef
• The Network Analysis of Nursing Diagnoses for Children Admitted in Pediatric Units Determined by Nursing Students
  Mikyung Moon
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2017; 42(3): 223.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Nursing Students’ Performance of Infection Control
  Jong-Rim Choi, Il-Sun Ko, Yeong-Yi Yim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursi.2016; 23(2): 136.     CrossRef
• Awareness and Performance Level for Healthcare-associated Infection Control among Caregivers at Medium and Small Hospitals
  Young Sim Ko, Bohyun Park
  Korean Journal of Healthcare-Associated Infection .2016; 21(2): 74.     CrossRef
• Knowledge and Compliance with Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infection Among Workers in Geriatric Facilities
  Og Son Kim
  Korean Journal of Nosocomial Infection Control.2015; 20(2): 61.     CrossRef
• Cognition and Practice of Standard Precautions towards Hospital Infection Control in Emergency Medical Technology Students
  Jin-Uk Kim, Yoon-Shin Kim, Hyun-Kyung Ji, Ki-Sook Bae
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperati.2014; 15(1): 264.     CrossRef
• Emergency Medical Technology Students' Awareness and Performance of Standard Precautions in Hospital Infection Control
  Sung-Soo Choi, Seong-Woo Yun
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperati.2013; 14(5): 2262.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Compliance with Standard Precautions in Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Room Nurses
  Kyung-Ah Lee, Hwa-Soon Kim, Young-Whee Lee, Ok-Kyung Ham
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursi.2012; 19(3): 302.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The study was done to explore the effect of perception of parental rearing attitude and social support on self-efficacy and stress among school-aged children, then to supply information for health promotion of children and to promote multi-cultural communication between Korea and China.
METHODS
The participants for this study were 180 elementary students each, from Korea and China. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, correlation analysis and AMOS.
RESULTS
Social support had a direct effect on self-efficacy for both Korean and Chinese children. In Korea parental rearing attitude had greater direct effect on stress than social support and self-efficacy. But in China only, parental rearing attitude had direct effect on stress.
CONCLUSION
These findings provide support for perception of parental rearing attitude, social support, and self-efficacy as predictive variables of stress in Korean and Chinese school-aged children.

Citations

• Exploring Positive Psychology of Children with Type 1 Diabetes Focusing on Subjective Happiness and Satisfaction with Life
  Min Sohn, Euiyeon Kim, Ji Eun Lee, Kwanghee Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(2): 83.     CrossRef
• The Causal Relationships between Parenting Stress and the Parenting Attitudes of Infant Mothers
  황성온 Hwang, Zion Hwang
  Korean Journal of Child Studies.2015; 36(4): 163.     CrossRef
• A Predictive Model of Behavioral Problems in Elementary School Children.
  Hee Seung Song, Hee Sun Shin
  Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Exercise Performance and Exercise-related Factors of Korean and Korean-Chinese Nursing Students: A comparative Study
  Young-Ran Lee, Sun-Nam Park, Sook-Ja Yu, Jung-Soon Moon
  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nurs.2011; 22(3): 234.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify high school students' knowledge and attitude about cancer, and to examine the relation between these variables.
METHODS
The participants were 811 students from 8 high schools in U city. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA and Duncan test with SPSS/WIN 12.0.
RESULTS
The score for participants' knowledge about cancer was 18.88 out of a possible 30, and their score for attitude towards cancer was 34.74 points of a possible 50. There were significant differences in knowledge about cancer according to gender, religion, school grades and worries about cancer. The attitude towards cancer showed significant differences according to worries about cancer and family atmosphere. The health behaviors were also statistically affected by factors like whether one smoked or not, health condition and harmony of family life. There was a significant positive correlation between attitude towards cancer and health behavior for cancer prevention. Attitude towards cancer and health behavior for cancer prevention showed a positive correlation with knowledge about cancer.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that the development of an appropriate attitude towards cancer by high school students should lead to the practice of health behavior to prevent cancer. This development could be enhanced with structured and on-going education about cancer.

Citations

• Factors related to Cancer Preventive Behavior among Patients with Early Gastric Cancer who Underwent Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
  Sunghye Choo, Sanghee Kim, Yong Chan Lee, Eunsung Kim
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2023; 23(2): 47.     CrossRef
• The Moyamoya Health Behavior Scale for Adolescent Patients: Measurement Tool Development and Psychometric Evaluation
  Won-oak Oh, Insun Yeom, Sung-Hyun Lim, Dong-Seok Kim, Kyu-won Shim
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(8): 4064.     CrossRef
• Breast Education Improves Adolescent Girls' Breast Knowledge, Attitudes to Breasts and Engagement With Positive Breast Habits
  Atefeh Omrani, Joanna Wakefield-Scurr, Jenny Smith, Ross Wadey, Nicola Brown
  Frontiers in Public Health.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Development and Psychometric Properties of A Survey to Assess Breast Knowledge and Attitudes of Adolescent Girls
  Atefeh Omrani, Joanna Wakefield-Scurr, Jenny Smith, Nicola Brown
  American Journal of Health Education.2019; 50(6): 374.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast-Self Examination among Middle and High School Girls
  Shin Jeong Kim, Jung Min Lee, Hae Young Min, Hye Young Min
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(2): 147.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Preventive Health Behaviors for Cancer in Undergraduates*
  Ya Ki Yang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursi.2015; 22(1): 59.     CrossRef
• Knowledge, Attitude, and Preventive Health Behavior of Cancer in Middle-aged Men
  Youngrye Park, Hwee Wee
  The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2014; 17(2): 97.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Practices of Health Behavior for Cancer Prevention in University Students
  Youn Na Lee, In Soo Kwon
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2014; 14(2): 109.     CrossRef
• A Study on the Knowledge, Attitudes, Cancer Preventive Dietary Behavior, and Lifestyles of Adults in the Jeonbuk Area
  Jeongok Rho, Suyoun Choi
  Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2013; 22(1): 201.     CrossRef
• Development and Verification of the Effect of Health Lifestyle Education Program for Cancer Prevention in Late School-aged Children
  Mi-Hye Cho, In-Soo Kwon
  Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(4): 192.     CrossRef
• Relationships between Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Health Behavior about Cancer in University Students
  Ick-Jee Kim, Sang-Hee Kim
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2012; 12(1): 44.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the effects of a safety education injury prevention program in elementary school students.
METHODS
To develop the safety education program, Dick & Carey's teaching model and Keller's ARCS theory were applied. A safety education programs was developed for lower grade students (1st-3rd) and for higher grade students (4th-6th). To evaluate the effect of the safety education program, a pre-post test questionnaire was used with experimental and control groups. The participants were 238 (119 in the experimental group, 119 in the control group) lower (3th) grade and 296 (148 in the experimental group, 148 in the control group) higher (5th) grade elementary school students. For students in each experimental group, safety education was provided for 40 min once a week for 10 weeks.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in the level of injury prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice between the experimental group and control group in both the lower and higher grade elementary students.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study indicate that safety education is an effective nursing intervention to improve injury prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice in elementary school students.

Citations

• Development and exploratory testing of a school‐based educational program for healthy life behaviors among fifth grade children in South Korea
  Shin‐Jeong Kim, Seong‐Sook Baek, Kyung‐Ah Kang
  Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2017; 14(1): 13.     CrossRef
• Effects of Healthy Life Practice Education on Reported Health Behaviors Among Fourth-Grade Elementary School Students in South Korea
  Shin-Jeong Kim, Haeryun Cho, Seong-Sook Baek
  The Journal of School Nursing.2016; 32(6): 397.     CrossRef
• School Adaptation Program for School-Age Children with Emotional and Behavioral Problems
  Haeryun Cho, Shin-Jeong Kim, Myung Soon Kwon, Jina Oh, Woojae Han
  Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(2): 141.     CrossRef
• A Structural Model for the Practice of Life Safety Behavior in School-age Children
  Myung-Ock Chae
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2014; 44(2): 119.     CrossRef
• Development and effect of elementary school upper-grade safety health education program
  Hyun-Min Jung, Hyo-Cheol Lee
  The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services.2013; 17(3): 149.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify influences of child-rearing attitude and parent-school age communication on self-efficacy of 5th and 6th graders.
METHODS
Data were collected using questionnaires from 460 5th and 6th graders in S city. The data were analyzed using SPSS WIN program. RESULTS: There were significant differences in child-rearing attitude according to gender, mother's level of education, perceived atmosphere and religion. Self-efficacy was significantly correlated with school record, family income, mother's level of education, father's level of education, and perceived atmosphere. There were significant differences in communication with father according to father's level of education, and perceived atmosphere. Communication with mother was significantly correlated with father's level of education, mother's level of education and perceived atmosphere. The relative influence toward the children's self-efficacy shown in the order of importance was as follows; child-rearing attitude, school record, communication with mother, communication with father, father's level of education, family income.
CONCLUSION
From the study, self-efficacy appears to be influenced by multiple factors such as child-rearing attitude, school record, communication with mother, communication with father, father's level of education, and family income.

Citations

• Effects of Psychological Variances in Internet Addiction of 4th, 5th, and 6th Graders from Low Income Families.
  Yeon Ran Hong, Eun Young Do
  Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(2): 67.     CrossRef
• Significant Variables Influencing the Self-Efficacy of Middle School Students of Multicultural Families
  Jong Mi Jun, Jin Kyung Chang
  Family and Environment Research.2013; 51(3): 333.     CrossRef
• Exploration of Maternal Parenting and Child-Feeding Style Dimensions Perceived by Elementary Schoolers and Middle Schoolers and Correlation between Maternal Parenting Dimensions and Child's Food Behaviors
  Mi-Jeong Kim
  Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and .2011; 40(4): 544.     CrossRef
• Study of the Correlation of the Percepted Maternal Love Scale and the MMPI scale on the 46 Oriental Medical University Students
  Ji-Won Ha, Tae-Heon Kim, Bo-Kyung Kim
  Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry.2011; 22(4): 51.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of study was to describe knowledge and attitude to Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) in preschool teachers in Korea. METHODS: Survey methodology using a self administered questionnaire was employed as the research design. Knowledge and attitude were measured with a questionnaire modified from Jerome, Gordon, and Hustler (1994) and Ghanizadeh, Bahredar, and Moeini (2006). Of 223 questionnaires mailed out to 42 daycare centers in one district in Seoul, 164 questionnaires (73.5%) were used for data analysis. Data analysis was done using SPSS.WIN 15.0.
RESULTS
The mean score on knowledge for the teachers was 11.27 (59.3%) out of maximum score of 19. For question items, the percentage of correct answers related to etiology of ADHD was under 10% and the correct rate regarding treatment of ADHD was over 90%. Preschool teachers had a mean score on attitude of 20.77 out of 33. Less than 50% of the teachers reported positive attitudes toward the child with ADHD and over 90% agreed that the child with ADHD needs a special environment and specially trained teachers. Age (r=.236, p=.002) and marital status (t=-3.661, p=.000) were significantly related to attitude toward the child with ADHD. Knowledge and attitude had a significant positive correlation (r=.245, p=.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that educational programs and strategies should be developed to increase knowledge of preschool teachers on ADHD. Public health nurses also need to develop and implement education programs for teachers at daycare centers and others involved in child care in the community.

Citations

• Knowledge and Attitudes of Preschool Teachers Regarding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  Shahrokh Amiri, Seyed Gholamreza Noorazar, Ali Fakhari, Alireza Gorji Darounkolaee, Ali Bahari Gharehgoz
  Iranian Journal of Pediatrics.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Role and Current Status of ADHD information-Sharing Websites for School Teachers
  Yeonsook Choi
  Journal of Digital Convergence.2014; 12(6): 145.     CrossRef
• Current Status in Management of Children with Atopic Dermatitis and Knowledge and Practice of Preschool Teachers.
  In Sook Cho, Se Ang Ryu
  Child Health Nursing Research.2013; 19(1): 49.     CrossRef
• Factors related to Medication Adherence according to Severity of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
  Youn Kyoung Kwag
  Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Menta.2012; 21(4): 321.     CrossRef
• Teaching Status and Knowledge of Elementary School Teachers of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  Kyoung-Rim Kang, Young-Hae Kim, Young-Ok Yang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2011; 17(2): 136.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of knowledge and attitude to temptation toward cigarette smoking in adolescents. METHODS: A survey was conducted using a 52-item questionnaire in 2 high school settings. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, post hoc analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients were used with SPSS WIN version 14.0 to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were significant differences in attitude toward smoking and smoking temptation depending on gender, academic performance, religion, current smoking status, parental responses toward smoking, initiation of smoking, and the number of friends who smoke (p<.001). The level of smoking knowledge was not related to any of general characteristics as well as attitude toward smoking and smoking temptation. However, negative attitude toward smoking was moderately correlated with reduced smoking temptation (r=-.608, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Adolescents' attitude toward smoking and coping ability against smoking temptation were influenced by various factors related to smoking behavior and social situations, rather than by the level of smoking knowledge. In order to develop an effective smoking prevention and cessation program for adolescents, various strategies to change attitudes toward smoking should be included.

Citations

• Structural Equation Modeling on Smoking Cessation Intention in Male Technical High School Students
  Eun Su Do, Eunsuk Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(2): 211.     CrossRef
• Attitude, Knowlege, and Social Influence as Factors of Smoking Intention among Nonsmoking Middle School Students
  Young Sook Seo, Young Im Kim, Chang Hyun Lee
  Journal of the Korean Society of School Health.2016; 29(2): 81.     CrossRef
• Alcohol and tobacco use among South Korean adolescents: An ecological review of the literature
  Jun Sung Hong, Na Youn Lee, Andrew Grogan-Kaylor, Hui Huang
  Children and Youth Services Review.2011; 33(7): 1120.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
Fever is a common problem in children. Misconceptions about fever are exacerbated by variations in knowledge and practice of pediatric nurses. The purposes of this study were to identify the knowledge and attitude toward fever and its management and to identify the relationship between knowledge and attitude.
METHODS
A descriptive correlation study was conducted with 114 pediatric nurses in G city. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis.
RESULTS
The mean percent of correct responses for physiology of fever, fever management and antipyretics was 51.3%. Knowledge of antipyretics was lower than knowledge of other items with 29.2% correct. Both positive and negative attitudes were discovered. Pediatric nurses' in this study reported negative attitudes toward beneficial effects of fever and positive attitudes toward use of antipyretics to prevent febrile convulsions and reduction of temperatures as low as 38.3degrees C. There was no statistically significant correlation between knowledge and attitude related to fever management.
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest that improvements are needed in management practices of pediatric nurses. Educational interventions to increase knowledge of fever management by pediatric nurses and to strengthen positive attitudes about childhood fever are recommended.

Citations

• Knowledge and Practice of Fever Management by Mothers of Preschool Children at Home
  Hye Rim Park, In Soo Kwon
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(2): 127.     CrossRef
• Fever Phobia: A Survey of Children's Parents in a Pediatric Outpatient Clinic.
  Ae Ran Choi, Jin Sun Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(2): 113.     CrossRef
• Development of Evidence-based Nursing Practice Guidelines for Febrile Children in Emergency Room
  Min-Jin Jeong, Hyun-A Shin, Yun-Hee Kim, Jee-Hyang Lee, Seung-Ja Lee, Mi-Ra Song
  Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(4): 214.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Antifebrile Effects of Hypothermia Blanket and Rectal Antipyretics for Infants after Open Heart Surgery
  Eun-Jung Kim, Myoung-Hee Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(4): 164.     CrossRef
• Parents' Perception, Knowledge and Self-Efficacy in Management of Childhood Fever
  Yong-Sun Jeong, Hyun-Ei Oh, Jin-Sun Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(4): 324.     CrossRef
• Fever and Fever Management in Children: A Literature Review
  Yong Sun Jeong, Jin Sun Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(1): 30.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
In this study a comparison was done of child-rearing attitudes of parents and problem behavior of children as perceived by parents and children.
METHODS
The participants were 205 fifth and sixth graders living in the city of Gangneung and their parents. The child-rearing attitudes and the problem behavior were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire.
RESULTS
The perception scores of the parents and children for total parents child-rearing attitudes were significantly different. There were also significant difference in the subcategories, affectionate-hostile, autonomous-controlling, rational-irrational. The scores for total behaviors problem as well as the sub-categories were all significantly different for the parents and children.
CONCLUSION
As there were differences in perception of child-rearing attitudes of parents and problem behavior of children between parents and their children, nurses should help parents to communicate with their children with affection and respect, and to observe their environment to identify problem behavior.

Citations

• Negative Parenting Mediates the Longitudinal Association between Parental Internalizing Symptoms and Child Oppositional Symptoms
  Marie-Theres Klemp, Christina Dose, Judith Mühlenmeister, Julia Plück, Laura Wähnke, Manfred Döpfner
  Child Psychiatry & Human Development.2025; 56(2): 1.     CrossRef
• Parenting Behaviors as Mediators of the Association Between Parental Internalizing Symptoms and Child Externalizing Symptoms
  Marie-Theres Klemp, Christina Dose, Christopher Hautmann, Lea T. Jendreizik, Judith Mühlenmeister, Julia Plück, Laura Wähnke, Manfred Döpfner
  Child Psychiatry & Human Development.2024; 55(4): 916.     CrossRef
• Study on Factors Influencing Self-Esteem Among Children Based on Big Data Analysis
  Ji Young Kim, Eun Hwa Jeong, Kangyi Lee
  Korean Journal of Child Studies.2020; 41(6): 111.     CrossRef
• Influences of the Differences Between Mothers’ and Children’s Perceptions of Parenting Styles
  Jiwon Cho, Jung Hee Ha, Juliet Jue
  Frontiers in Psychology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Structural Equation Model for Psychosocial Adjustment in North Korean Adolescent Refugees
  Insook Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(3): 287.     CrossRef
• Relationship between attention deficit hyperactive disorder symptoms and perceived parenting practices of school‐age children
  Dong Hee Kim, Il Young Yoo
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2013; 22(7-8): 1133.     CrossRef
• Relationship between behaviour problems and perceived parenting practices in Korean youth
  D. H. Kim, Y. S. Kim, Y‐J. Koh, B. L. Leventhal
  Child: Care, Health and Development.2013; 39(2): 194.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Quality of Life and Parenting Attitude and Parent-Child Communication Patterns of School Age Children
  Hee Geon Shin, Il Young Yoo, Eui Geum Oh
  Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(3): 220.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to identify the level of knowledge, attitude and performance ability in CardioPulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and provided data for the development of an education program to improve CPR performance ability of nursery teachers.
METHODS
The participants were 220 nursery teachers working in daycare centers in A city located in G province. Data were collected during July, 2013.
RESULTS
The mean scores were 45.88 of 100 for knowledge, 3.69 of 5 for attitude, 2.65 of 5 for performance ability. There were significant differences in knowledge and performance ability according to education experience. There were positive correlations between knowledge and performance ability, and between attitude and performance ability. Factors affecting CPR performance ability were knowledge (beta=.133), attitude (beta=.327), and education in CPR (beta=.343). These factors explained 29.4% of the variance in CPR performance ability.
CONCLUSION
Results indicate that nursery teachers' knowledge, attitude and CPR performance ability were not sufficient enough to perform accurate CPR in an emergency. Therefore, to improve performance ability of nursery teachers to carry out CPR in a cardiac arrest emergency of a child, educational strategies that focus on increasing knowledge and attitude need to be developed.

Citations

• Readiness and Challenges in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Teaching: A Preliminary Perspective Amongst Malaysian Secondary School Principles
  Muhammad Hazim Haiqal, Muhamad Nur Fariduddin Abdul Aziz, Sin Siau Ching
  Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences.2024; 20(1): 12.     CrossRef
• Knowledge, Attitude and Perceptions towards Basic Life Support Training among Student Teachers in a Malaysian University
  Muhamad Nur Fariduddin, Ching Sin Siau
  The European Journal of Social & Behavioural Scien.2021; 30(2): 132.     CrossRef
• The Effects of the 5-step Method for Infant Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training on Nursing Students' Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance Ability
  Jin Young Kim, Hye Young Ahn
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(1): 17.     CrossRef
• Knowledge, Attitude, Self-Confidence and Performance Ability on Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of Seafarers
  Jeong-Hee HWANG, Byung-Jo HAN
  JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2019; 31(6): 1552.     CrossRef
• Knowledge, Attitude and Performance Ability of Automated External Defibrillator and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation among Korean University Students
  Mi Hwa Kim, Eun-Sook Lee, Sang-Eun Jun
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperati.2016; 17(2): 156.     CrossRef
• Effect of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Education on the knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy of elementary and middle school teachers
  Soon-Hee Choi
  Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2015; 29(1): 18.     CrossRef
• The Effect of the Infant Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Immediate Remediation for Child Care Teachers
  Il Ok Kim, Sun Hwa Shin
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2015; 21(3): 350.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine levels of knowledge, attitude towards infant oral health, and related health behavior of parents.
METHODS
The sample consisted of 380 parents who were providing care for a child ranging in age from 11 to 16 months.
RESULTS
Participants obtained information on infant oral health via the internet, infant care books, and friends. While showing the correct attitude towards infant oral health, the parents were ill-informed regarding infant oral health and engaged in low levels of appropriate health behavior. There were statistically significant differences in infant oral health knowledge according to parents age, education, income, and age of infant. Attitude towards infant oral health was significantly different according to parents education and income. Also, there were significant differences in health behavior practice for infant oral health according to parents age, income, caregiver, and infant age. A significant positive relationship was found between knowledge and attitude to infant oral health.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that for maintenance and improvement of infant oral health, the parents and caregivers of infants should be provided with information and specific methods for infant oral health care.

Citations

• Correlation between oral health knowledge, demand for remote education tools, and self-efficacy among parents of children and adolescents
  Min-Ji Park, Herry Novrinda, Jae-Young Lee
  Journal of Korean Society of Dental Hygiene.2025; 25(1): 69.     CrossRef
• A Study on the Oral Health Literacy and Related Factors of Mother’s in Some Areas: A 25% Comparison Study of the Upper and Lower Grades
  Mi-Jeong Kim, Cha-Young Lim, Ju-Lee Son
  Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2022; 22(1): 44.     CrossRef
• The Relationship Between Participating in Online Parenting Communities and Health-Promoting Behaviors for Children Among First-Time Mothers: The Mediating Effect of Parental Efficacy
  Minyoung Woo, Sun-Mi Chae
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2022; 26(3): 183.     CrossRef
• A Study on the Oral Health Literacy and Related Factors of Mother’s in Some Areas
  Mi-Jeong Kim, Cha-Young Lim, Ju-Lee Son
  Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2021; 21(1): 52.     CrossRef
• In-Depth Interview of Parents Experienced First Infant Oral Examination
  Su-Na Lee, Soon-Ryun Lim
  Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2017; 17(6): 543.     CrossRef
• Relation with Mothers of Oral Health Knowledge and Practice for Infants Oral Health Management
  Young-Mee Lee, Young-Ran Yeun, Sung-Joong Kim
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperati.2016; 17(3): 407.     CrossRef
• A Survey of Smartphone-Based Health Education Needs for Parents
  Shin-Jeong Kim, Jung Min Lee, Hye Young Min
  Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(4): 346.     CrossRef
• Effects of Healthy Life Practice Education on Reported Health Behaviors Among Fourth-Grade Elementary School Students in South Korea
  Shin-Jeong Kim, Haeryun Cho, Seong-Sook Baek
  The Journal of School Nursing.2016; 32(6): 397.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to describe breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and nursing practice of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses.
METHODS
Survey methodology using a self administered questionnaire was employed as the research design. A total of 153 questionnaires from 7 university hospital NICUs in Seoul, Daejeon, and Daegu were used for data analysis.
RESULTS
The percentage of correct answers on the breastfeeding knowledge questions for the NICU nurses was 59.3%. The nurses in NICU reported a somewhat positive attitude to breastfeeding, mean per item 3.70+/-0.41 on a scale of 5 points. Their breastfeeding nursing practice was at a moderate level, mean per item, 3.26+/-0.74. Breastfeeding knowledge had significant correlations with breastfeeding attitude (r=.554, p<.001) and nursing practice (r=.203, p=.002). Also, There was a significant correlation between breastfeeding attitude and nursing practice (r=.243, p=.002).
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that breastfeeding educational programs and strategies for NICU nurses should be developed to increase their breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and nursing practice.

Citations

• NICU nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, practices, and influencing factors regarding breastfeeding of newborns: a scoping review
  Hanmei Peng, Xia Li, Xuemei Guo, Ying-Xin Li, Xi Huang, Liangni Zeng, Chengmei Liu, Yuan Li, Yanling Hu
  International Breastfeeding Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Development and Validation of Breastfeeding Knowledge Test for Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
  Jung Eun Hong, Soo-Young Yu, Jeonghee Ahn, Hye Ok Park, Seungmi Park
  Diabetology.2026; 7(2): 36.     CrossRef
• Development of a Protocol for the Direct Breastfeeding of Premature Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
  Eun Sook Kim, Hyun Gi Min, Ji Yeon Lee, Ji Yoon Lee, Young Hee Yi
  Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing.2024; 38(1): 73.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of a Mobile-based Maternal Feeding Education Program for Overweight Prevention in Infants
  Jin Suk Ra
  Asian Nursing Research.2021; 15(2): 136.     CrossRef
• Knowledge of and Attitude toward Breastfeeding among Medical Staff Working in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Obstetric Unit
  Eun Sook Kim, Young Hee Cho, Hyejung Lee
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2020; 24(2): 102.     CrossRef
• Influencing Factors on Breastfeeding Nursing Activities of Nursing Students
  Ya Ki Yang
  Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Educ.2019; 25(1): 83.     CrossRef
• Impact of Breastfeeding Knowledge, Attitude, and Barriers on Breastfeeding Practice among Twin Mothers
  Jae In Shim, Sook Jung Kang
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2017; 23(2): 89.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
S: The purposes of this study were to examine knowledge related to child abuse, attitudes toward child abuse, and intention to report child abuse and to identify the predictors of nurses' intention to report child abuse.
METHOD
A descriptive-correlational study was conducted. Participants were 171 nurses who worked in the pediatric or emergency rooms in G city. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis.
RESULTS
Nurses had a limited knowledge related to child abuse. Nurses had negative attitudes toward child discipline, were inclined to punish the abuser, and had positive attitudes about professional responsibility for reporting child abuse. Nurses perceived difficulty in the actual behavior of reporting child abuse. Nurses' intention to report child abuse was predicted by nurses' attitudes to professional responsibility for reporting child abuse.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings of this study, educational programs need to be developed, implemented, and evaluated. The conclusion of this study is that supplementary education is needed for multidisciplinary decision making concerning the role of the nurses within the context of child abuse.Implications for nursing practice, education and research are discussed.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to describe mother's child-rearing attitudes and problem conduct of children as perceived by children and to examine correlation between maternal nurturing attitudes and child problem behavior.
METHOD
The participants were 338 fifth and sixth graders who attended two randomly selected elementary schools in the city of G, Gangwon province. Child-rearing attitudes of the mother were rated on a 5-pointed scale that developed by Schaefer and added by Oh & Lee(1982). Problem conduct of children were rated on a 3-pointed scale of the K-YSR by Oh Kyung-Ja et al.(1997). The data were gathered from October 2 to October 28, 2004, and the collected data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 program.
RESULTS
For the children's perception of mother's child-rearing attitude, student had a relatively high mean scores of 3.70+/-0.44. Correlations between the mother's child-rearing attitude and general characteristics of the children showed statistically significantly different according to grade, father-mother relations, type of residence and extent to which father shared household chores. The mean score for problem conducts of children was 0.47+/-0.25.The average for their internal behavior problems was 0.52+/-0.33, and for external behavior problems was 0.44+/-0.24. There were statistically significantly differences in the behavior problem scores of the children according to the general characteristics of grade, education, occupation, mother-father relations, extent to which father shared in household chores and religion. As to correlation between mother's child-rearing attitude and their problem conduct, every type of attitude had a significantly moderate reverse correlation to every type of behavior problem of the children(r=-.431, p=.000).
CONCLUSION
Mother's child-rearing attitudes might affect the problem conduct of children, and mother should try to treat their children with affection and respect, to maintain good relations with father, and to bring their children up coherently in an autonomous, permissive, positive and democratic manner.

PURPOSE
To suggest ideas that promote sexual health and useful in planning sex education programs for middle school students.
METHOD
This study surveyed 661 middle school students from three schools in Seoul and Chunchon.
RESULTS
The average degree of sexual knowledge was 31.5, while attitude was 32.5. There were statistically significant differences in sexual knowledge in relation to: coeducational environment (t=-5.776, p=.000), grade (F=36.351, p=.000), father's age (t=-2.510, p=.012), mother's age (t=-2.146, p=.032), economical status (F=3.264, p=.039), source of sexual knowledge (F=8.484, p=.000), the degree of interest in the opposite sex (F=16.871, p=.000), sexual discussions with parents (t=3.556, p=.000), sexual discussions with teachers (t=2.847, p=.005), and sex education (t=2.148, p=.032). Likewise, stastically significant differences in sexual attitudes were linked to: coeducational environment (t=-7.646, p=.000), subject's grade (F=32.743, p=.000), parental marriage status (t=2.338, p=.020), mother's age (t=-2.048, p=.041), source of sexual knowledge (F=6.917, p=.000), the degree of interest in the opposite sex (F=15.559, p=.000), sexual discussions with parents (t=3.908, p=.000), and sexual discussions with teachers (t=2.946, p=.003). The students level of sexual knowledge and attitude was significantly correlated (r=.686, p=.000).
CONCLUSION
This study indicates a variety of systematic sexual education programs are needed for middle school student at home and school.

PURPOSE
To investigate the relationships among mother's perception of her own newborn, her caring-confidence level, and her child-rearing attitude; and to provide data for developing effective nursing education programs on maternal newborn care.
METHOD
Explorative survey questionnaires were completed by 159 married mothers of newborns from November 2003 to March 2004. Data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 10.0 by t-test and Pearson's Correlation coefficient.
RESULTS
The mean scores of the mother's perception of her own newborn, her caring-confidence level, and her child-rearing attitude were .26, 3.13, and 3.43 respectively. There was a positive correlation between mother's perception of her own newborn and her child-rearing attitude. There was a significant correlation between mothers caring-confidence level and her child-rearing attitude. Score of caring-confidence was significantly different depending on the availability of helper and history of delivery.
CONCLUSION
Availability of helper and history of delivery significantly affected mothers caring-confidence. This in turn, along with mothers perception of her own newborn, enhanced mothers child-rearing attitude. Thus, an effective education for mothers should include these factors.

PURPOSE
This comparative descriptive study was conducted to determine the effects of maternal employment on the maternal child-rearing attitude, child-rearing burden, and temperament and health related variables of their preschool children.
METHOD
Samples were recruited in child care centers in Seoul, Daejeon, and Suwon. 209 mothers with children age of three to six participated.
RESULT
Employed mothers showed more positive child-rearing attitude, but there was no significant difference in child-rearing burden, Also, maternal attitude and child-rearing burden were influenced by satisfaction on the employment state. Children's temperament subscales were not different in two groups. Breast feeding and compliance on vaccination were done better by unemployed mothers. However, home safety, experience of accident and hospitalization of children were not affected by maternal employment.
CONCLUSION
Maternal employment has positive influence in some aspects. This study provides basic data for parent counseling and anticipatory guidance for employed mothers.

The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent teenagers accepted sexual relations, and to determine in which way that was affected by their disposition of stimuli, one of the psychological factors, and by their adjustment to school life, one of the environmental factors, as those factors seemed to have impact on that. This study was of descriptive correlational approach, and the subjects were 962 boy and girl students randomly selected from regular and business high schools. The data were collected from May through July 2002, and SPSS win 10.0 program was employed for data analysis. The major findings of this study were as follows; First, the students investigated got a mean of 44.49 marks on school adjustment. Their sensation seeking got an average of 130.10 marks. Their sexual allowance got a mean of 38.90 marks. Second is to regard the influence of their general characteristics on school adjustment, sensation seeking and sexual allowance. school adjustment was significant on gender, grade, career track, religion, school record, economic state, sexual intercourse. Sensation seeking was significant on all of their general characteristics. Sexual allowance was significant on all except economic state. Third, concerning correlation among sexual allowance, school adjustment and sensation seeking, sexual allowance was positively correlated to sensation seeking and negatively to school adjustment. The above-mentioned findings suggested that school adjustment and stimuli pursuit was associated with sexual attitude, and the findings of this study are expected to make any contribution to creating an ideal sexual culture for the youth.

PURPOSE
To investigate and compare the knowledge and attitude about smoking of the elementary students according to anti-smoking education.
METHOD
A descriptive comparative study design was used. A total 2,000 of the 4th, 5th and 6th grade of elementary students classified into education and non-education groups according to their anti-smoking education. Knowledge and attitude about smoking were measured by the constructed questionnaire.
RESULTS
1) Students' knowledge about smoking were 11.50point on average with highest score being 20. The knowledge of the education group was significantly higher than those of non-education group. No significant differences were observed according to grade or sex. 2) Students' attitude toward smoking were negative with the mean score 31.70. No significant differences were observed according to anti-smoking education, while students in higher grades and male showed significant favorable attitude toward smoking. 3) Among the students of respondents, 5.3% answered they had the experience of smoking. The smoking experience of the education group was significantly higher than those of non-education group. 96.0% of the students would not smoking in the future. No significant differences were observed according to anti-smoking education.
CONCLUSION
The results suggested that a systematic strategy required to lead desirable attitude and behavior about smoking of students.

PURPOSE
To provide basic data for strategy of substance abuse through the investigation of the status of substance abuse and knowledge and attitude about drugs in the elementary students.
METHOD
Subjects were 565 6th grade of elementary students. Data were collected from June to July 2001 by using structured questionnaire.
RESULT
1) Among the students of respondents, 10.2% of them had the experience in smoking, 26.7% and 08% of them in drinking and inhalants, respectively. 2) The degree of students' knowledge about substance was 20.9 points on average with the highest score being 30. Students' knowledge about substances, smoking came on top, next came drinking and inhalants followed them. There were no significant differences in the knowledge of substances by general and drug related characteristics of the students. 3) The students' attitude about substances was negative with 30 points on average with the highest score being 108. As for the attitude about substances, they revealed the most generous in drinking next in smoking and inhalants. Those of boys, bored in school life and experienced in substance abuse were significantly generous in the attitude about substances. 4) There was a significant weak inverse relationship between the student's knowledge and attitude about substances (r=-0.13). As for the relationship between the student's knowledge and attitude about substances, the strongest relationship was shown in inhalants (r=-0.18) next in drinking (r=-0.16) and smoking (r=-0.06).
CONCLUSION
The results of the finding suggest that the developing of programs in substance abuse for the elementary students are needed not only for the prevention but also for the cessation.

PURPOSE
This study aims at not only suggesting some ideas useful in planning and doing the sexual education in the middle schools in the near future putting into test the sexual education program which has been developed by researchers in accordance with the national education courses but also improve sexual health of the adolecents through taking right sexual knowledge and sound sexual attitude.
METHOD
Non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The number of experimental group students was 37 and the number of controll group students was 37. A total of 74 first grade "H"middle school girls at H district in KangWon-Do were selected for a convenience sampling method and have been taught the sexual education program during 6weeks, 12times.
RESULT
The findings of the study are as follows: After the sexual education program, the sexual knowledge of experimental group show to be significantly different from that they had before(t=-5.861, p=.000). So, this finding indicating that the adolescent sexual education program helps the ado have and expand the correct sexual knowledge accordingly. In order to look into any change of the sexaul attitudes of experimental group after the sexual education program, there were not significant difference(t=-1.083, p=.286). But some items were significant. It is discovered that the adolescence come to have more affirmative and sound sexual attitude after sexual education program.
CONCLUSION
As the findings of the study indicate, it may be concluded as follows: Since the sexual education program can affirmative influence on the sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes of the adolescence, it is recommendable to perform the sexual education program suitable for every stage of growth and development should be developed, qualified teachers and the educational materials should be reinforced and added enough and institutional device should be made to execute the sexual education program systematically.

PURPOSE
This study was carried out to provide the theoretical understanding of mothers' child-rearing attitude and the eventual purpose was to contribute to the development of nursing interventions to help mothers have love-automous childrearing attitudes which will foster child development and enhance harmonious child-mother relationship.
METHOD
The data were collected from April to september, 2002 by questionnaires with 130 married child-rearing mothers. Mothers' child-rearing attitudes were rated on the 5-point sclae of Schaefer's Maternal Behavior Research Instrument(MBRI).
RESULT
1) In love vs hostility and autonomy vs control, the score of love(3.79) is higher than hostility(2.64) and the score of autonomy(3.54) is higher than control(2.58). 2) In love-autonomous child-rearing attitude(3.69) is highest than hostility-control(2.75), love-control(2.70), hostility-autonomous (2.54) child-rearing attitude and the direction is autonomy-->love.
CONCLUSION
Nurses assess mothers' child-rearing attitude and provide teaching and counselling to help mothers to form love-autonomous child-rearing attitude.

PURPOSE
This study aimed at not only suggest some ideas useful in planning and doing the safety education in the elementary schools in the near future putting into test the safety education proposal which has been developed by researchers in accordance with the national 7st education courses but also improve health of the children through taking right safety knowledge and sound safety attitude.
METHOD
For this study 140 student are selected from 3-5th grade of the elementary school in Kyoungki-Do and Kwangwon-Do and have been taught the safety education during 10weeks, 10times.
RESULT
1) After the safety education, knowledge about the injury prevention of the children show to be significantly different from that they had before(t=-9.156, p=.000). 2) In order to look into any effect of the attitude about injury prevention after the safety education there were significant difference(t=-3.755, p=.000).CONCLUSION: As the findings of the study indicating that safety education expand the correct knowledge about injury prevention and have more affirmative and sound attitude about injury prevention. So it may be concluded that, safety education have the positive effect both knowledge and attitude about injury prevention among elementary school children.

PURPOSE
This study was carried out to show the parental child-rearing attitudes perceived by daughters(woman college students), who were in the process of pursuit of resonable values, ethics and preparing for marriage and settling down, and another purposes were to help them to have positive attitudes toward their child-rearing in the future and set up preliminary parenting education program.
METHOD
The subjects were 120 woman college students who were freshmen to junior in one university in Seoul. Using the self-report questionnaire, data were collected from December in 1999 to March in 2000. The contents which subjects wrote down were categorized by content analysis method.
RESULT
1) The age range of subjects were 19-25 years old and main rearer was mother(85.84%). 2) The perception of parent's child-rearing by subjects were revealed 555 statements and then tied together 50 themes: 'emphasizing on studying hard'(8.3%), 'doing by oneself'(5.6%), 'sternness'(5.2%), 'respect of personality'(4.5%), 'eagerness'(4.0%), 'humanity education'(4.0%), 'moderating in daily living'(4.0%), 'propriety education'(3.8%), 'sacrificing for children'(3.6%), 'expectation'(3.2%), 'concerning'(3.1%), 'parent-centered'(3.1%), 'giving a free hand'(2.9%), 'sharing with'(2.9%), 'consideration'(2.7%), 'over'-'protectiveness'(2.3%), 'hostile attitude' (2.2%), 'corporal punishment'(2.2%), 'expression of parental love'(2.0%), 'encouragement'(1.8%), 'family-centered' (1.8%), 'treating fairly'(1.6%), 'offering live experiences'(1.6%), 'exacting obedience'(1.62%), 'exemplary parental role' (1.6%), 'sexual discrimination'(1.6%), 'cooperation'(1.4%), 'giving favors'(1.4%), 'indifference'(1.4%), 'understanding' (1.3%), 'confidence'(1.3%), 'intimacy'(1.3%), 'pursuit of health'(1.3%), 'warm-hearted'(1.1%), 'stinginess'(1.1%), 'broad-mindedness'(0.7%), 'granting'(0.7%), 'interfering'(0.7%), 'reproach'(0.7%), 'distinction of sex in household affairs'(0.7%), 'help'(0.5%), 'preparing for the future'(0.5%), 'disregarding'(0.5%), 'making environment'(0.4%), 'bringing up a child personally' (0.4%), 'comparing'(0.4%), 'religious life'(0.4%), 'good deed'(0.4%), invasion of privacy' (0.2%), 'controlling desire'(0.2%). 3) 50 themes were categorized by 18 categories once more: 'control' (13.2%), 'crazy for education'(12.3%), 'endeavoring'(8.6%), 'autonomy'(8.5%), 'home education'(7.7%), 'esteem' (6.67%), 'support'(6.67%), 'pursuit of healthy daily life'(5.6%), 'earnestness'(5.4%), 'disregarding personality'(5.4%), 'emotional bonding'(3.2%), 'imposing a burden'(3.2%). 'inhospitality'(3.1%), 'acceptance'(5%), 'discrimination'(2.3%), 'mature parenthood'(1.8%), 'strengthening family tie'(1.8%), 'psychological intimacy'(1.1%). 4) On the basis of this study, 3/5 of subjects(61.2%) perceived their parents had mature and autonomous child-rearing attitudes, and on the other hand 2/5(39.5%) of them perceived controlling, just forcing to work harder and personally disregarding attitudes.
CONCLUSION
So we need to offer them nursing implementation such as preliminary parenting education program and parenting consulting like to strengthen positive perception and help improving in realistic, developmental child-rearing attitudes.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to suggest direction and strategy of safety education proper to elementary school children.
METHOD
The subject of this survey consisted of 313 3rd-5th grade from 4 elementary schools in Kyungi-Do and Kwangwon-Do. Data were collected from March to May, 2002 using a questionnaire about "safety education needs", "knowledge about injury prevention", "attitude about injury prevention.
RESULT
1. The degree of safety education needs showed averaged 77.50 on the basis of 100 points. 2. The degree of knowledge and attitude about injury prevention showed averaged 72.81 and 81.74 seperately on the basis of 100 points. 3. With the respect to the demographic characteristics, there were stastically significant differences in safety education need according to children's grade(F=8.692, p=.003), sex(t=-2.059, p=.040), family type(t=-2.229, p=.027) and in knowledge & attitude about injury prevention, there statiscally significant difference according to experience of injury prevention education(t=3.058, p=.003; t=5.308, p=.000) each. 4. The level of safety education needs is correlated at signficant level with knowledge and attitude about injury prevention of childrens(r=.166, p=.048; r=.265, p=.001) and between knowledge and attitude about injury prevention, there was significant correlation (r=.427, p=.000).
CONCLUSION
From this results, nurses can plan safety education program appropriate to children's needs, level of knowledge and attitude about injury prevention.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of sex education using multimedia program on knowledge and attitude about sex.
METHOD
The subjects of this study were 282 middle school boys in seoul. The data were collected from the 4th of Jun. to 30th of Jun. 2001. This program consisted of 6 subtopics and provided 3 sessions for each class. The per-test was given before the therapy to measure variables and the post-test was performed after intervention. The data were analyzed by the SAS program using t-test.
RESULT
The results of this study are as follows. After intervention, the level of knowledge and attitude were increased significantly.
CONCLUSION
The sex education using multimedia program is effective in helping middle school boys improve their healthy attitudes and thoughts toward sex.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the nurses' knowledge and attitude to pain management in children and explore the status of pain management in clinical practice.
METHOD
The subjects were 131 nurses enrolled in 3 university affiliated hospitals. Questionnaire method was utilized for data collection. Data was analyzed by SPSS statistical program.
RESULT
The result was as follows: 1. The overall mean score of the pain knowledge was 16.88 (58.2%). The percentages of correct response in test subsections were pain assessment 45.5, choice of medication and drug action 48.7, and pain statement 79.6 respectively. 2. 70.3% of the nurses agreed or strongly agreed that the procedural pain should always be eliminated. And, 44.3% of the nurses agreed or strongly agreed that post-operative treatment of pain in children should always aim at eliminating the pain completely. 3. There was a significant relationship between pain attitude and knowledge related facts about pain(r=.217, p < .01). 4. When asked to identify the point of self-reported pain on a 0-10 scale at which the nurse would give medication, point 7 was mostly identified (29%). 5. Only 19.8% of the nurses utilized pain rating scale to assess children's pain. 6. The nonpharmacologic interventions nurses used most were position change, emotional support, and massage. 7. 68.7% of the nurses indicated that they learned about pain management from their current working environment. Also, Mostly helpful resource identified in increasing their pain management knowledge and skills was the continuing education program.
CONCLUSION
The findings showed that there was a need to develop educational program for adequate pain management for children. Further research study is recommended to examine the effectiveness of the intervention methods for children's pain.

This study was done to provide basic data to develop smoking prevention and non-smoking education program. Questionnaire were collected from 438 male, 474 female middle school students at Chunchon, Kwangwon-do from Sep 2, 2000 to Feb 28, 2001. The Questionnaire used to measure subjects' knowledge and attitude about smoking was Guideline for the content of tobacco smoking surveys of the general population by WHO. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS-Win program. The results were as follows. 1.The average score of knowledge about smoking of subjects was 57.01 on the basis of 100. 2. The average score of attitude about smoking of subjects was 63.54 on the basis of 100. 3.In knowledge about smoking, there were statistically significant difference according to subjects' grade(F=3.218, p=.041), thinking about smoking behavior(F=3.424, p=.017), harmfulness of smoking(F=17.202, p=.000), present drinking(F=3.555, p=.029) and in attitude about smoking, there were statisti cally significant difference according to subjects' grade(F=20.520, p=.000), sex(t= -5.073, p=.000), mother's smoking(t= -2.405, p=.035), brother's smoking(t= -5.022, p=.000), mother's schooling(F= 3.730, p=.024), having smoking friend or not (t=-9.357, p=.000), subjects' smoking experience (t=-12.363, p=.000), present smoking(F= 76.643, p=.000), quantity of smoking(F= 6.808, p=.001), period of stop smoking(F= 4.685, p=.004), beginning time of smoking (F=2.286, p=.049), thinking about smoking behavior(F=17.933, p=.000), harmfulness of smoking(F=58.360, p=.000), present drinking (F=58.071, p=.000). 4. There were significant relationship between subjects' knowledge and attitude about smoking(r=.469, p=.000).

The purpose of this study was to understand and analyze the subjective structure of attitude, opinion of infant and todder's mother, regarding the massage intervention in order to yield fundamental data for the activation scheme of the massage intervention. This research was based on a Q-Methodological approach. According to the results of this study, there were four categories of mothers' opinion about the massage intervention. The first type accepts the wholistic effect of massage intervention very positively that it improves infant's health in various aspects: prevention of diseases, promotion of the growth, settlement of sentiments, etc. The second type describes the effect of the intervention in the emotional aspect, such that the intimacy plays a very significant role in the intervention. The third type explains the complementary effect of the intervention that it eases symptoms rather than actually cures diseases. The fourth type emphasizes the healing effect of the intervention that it is required to go through professional training to utilize the effect. For example, a Kyongrak massage is very effective for curing diseases. In consideration of various types of massage intervention, it is very necessary to have a specialty for the massage intervention and develop unique mothers education programs depending upon different applications of the massage intervention in order to reorganize and activate the massage intervention as a nursing intervention for infant and toddlers.

The purpose of the study is to identify the differences about knowledge and attitude between the subjects exposed to pc pornography and the control group not exposed to pc pornography. The study was executed from July 12 through July 16. The subjects were 423 middle school boys. The comparison points were their ethical sexual knowledges and sexual attitudes. The collected data was analysed by SPSS WIN(including multiplicand, percentage, x2-test, revised Fisher and t-test). The results of their study were as follows ; 1. The pc-related characteristics of the subjects. The subjects exposed pc pornography showed 51.8% rate of exposure to printed pornography. The control group showed the rate of 26.4%. The former group owned their pc(81.5%), however, the latter group showed 66.7%. The former group set their pc sets in their study rooms(66.1%) however, the latter group installed those in their study rooms(73.6%). The former group experienced internet pc communications(62.5%),however, the latter group showed 40.2%. The former group made use of their pc sets in recreation(entertainment) programs(77.0%), however, the latter group showed the rate of 67.8%. The former group showed that their school performance levelled up after their pc manipulation(80.0%), however, the latter group showed the rate of 86.2%. The former group replied that their pc manipulation contributed to their friendship(50.3%), however, the latter group showed the higher rate of 74.7%. The both groups replied that their family dialogs and contacts rather reduced (78.9% and 78.2% respectively). The both groups revealed that they reduced the TV watching the rate 76.5% and 48.3% respectively. The differences between two groups were surveyed in the level of 95% significance and the items such as "contacts to printed pornography, pc possession or none, pc use rate, friendship occasions and the reduced time of TV watching" showed the significant differences. 2. The differences of two groups' sexual knowledges. As to the sexual knowledges, the both groups showed 41.1 and 34.1 points against 100 points respectively. The statistical differences were significant(t=2.72, p=.007). The 5 items among 17 showed the significant differences between two groups. "The concept of masturbation" was x2=5.033, p=.025. "The prejudice to masturbation" showed x2=9.902, p=.002 "The difference between female and male as to sexual excitement" showed x2=7.985, p=.005. "The positiveness of masturbation" showed x2=10.205, p=.001. "The differences between two sexes as to sexual impulse and sexual desire" showed x2 =8.463, p=.004. In conclusion, The former group showed the higher knowledges than the latter group. 3. The differences of two groups' sexual attitudes. The 4 items such as "the curiosity to the other sex"(t=2.22, p=.027), "the attention to pornography"(t=3.39, p=.001), "the permission to pre-marriage intercourse"(t=2.15, p=.032) and "the preference to the female body exposure"(t=2.67, p=.008) showed the differences between two groups as to sexual attitudes.

This study aims at not only suggesting some ideas useful in planning and doing the sexual education in the primary schools in the near future putting into test the sexual education program which has been developed by researchers in accordance with the national education courses but also improve sexual health of the children through taking right sexual knowledge and sound sexual attitude. For this study 21 students are selected from all class of the fourth grade of the 'D' primary school at H district in KangWon-Do and have been taught the sexual education program during 6weeks, 12times. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. After the sexual education program, the sexual knowledge of the primary school children show to be significantly different from that they had before(t=-6.661, p=.000). So, this finding indicating that the sexual education program helps the children have and expand the correct sexual knowledge accordingly. 2. In order to look into any change of the sexaul attitudes of the primary school children after the sexual education program, there were significant difference(t=-3.808, p=.001). It is discovered that children come to have more affirmative and sound sexual attitude after sexual education program. As the findings of the study indicate, it may be concluded as follows: Since the sexual education program can affirmative influence on the sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes of the children, it is recommendable to start the sexual education program as early as possible in their childhood so that they can estabilish a sound sexual mortality for themselves. Additionally, to perform the sexual education program suitable for every stage of children should be developed, qualified teachers and the educational materials should be reinforced and added enough and institutional device should be made to execute the sexual education program systematically.

With the improvement of the nutritive conditions and the influence of overflowing informations and various cultural aspects imported from foreign countries, children develop more rapidly in the bodily and sexual growth. This study was conducted to suggest some ideas useful in planning sexual education program in elementary schools and ultimate aim is to promote sexual health. The subject of this survey consisted of 802 fourth, fifth, sixth graders from 6 schools in Seoul, Hongchon and Chunchon. Major findings are summarized as follows. 1. The degree of sexual knowledge of children showed low averaged 26.96 and the degree of sexual attitude showed usual averaged 55.70. 2.With the respect to the demographic characteristics, there were stastically significant differences in sexual knowledge, according to children's grade(F=64.031, p=. 000), father's education(t=-2.504, p=.013), experience of menarche(t=3.470, p=.001), experience of sex-related question to their parents(t=-.6054, p=.000), experience of sex-related question to the teachers (t= -3.385, p=.001), experience of sexual education(t=8.607, p=.000) and in sexual attitude, there were stastically significant differences according to children's grade (F=6.588, p=.001), experience of sex- related question to their parents(t=-5.387, p=.000), experience of sex-related question to the teachers(t=-2.845, p=.005), experience of sexual education(t=5.070, p=.000). 3. The level of sexual knowledge and sexual attitude of childrens' was correlated at significant level(r=.354, p=.000) The findings of this study indicated that variety of the systematic sexual education program suitable for the stage of children should be developed and family, society, contry's higher concern and enlightment are required.

This study was performed to understand pediatric pain management status and nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward it. In addition, it aimed to provide basic data in order to establish effective nursing intervention strategies by confirming the barriers of effective pain management in practice. The subjects were 195 nurses working in pediatric units(general pediatric unit, oncology unit, neonatal unit, neonatal ICU, pediatric ICU) of 8 university hospitals and one general hospital. Data was collected by the questionnaire from the 3rd of August to the 20th of September in 1999. The instrument developed by Sanna(1999) to measure nurses' knowledge and their attitudes and the other tool by Cleeland(1984) to evaluate barriers in effective pain management was used. Results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Most nurses learn about the pain management knowledges from through regular curriculum of nursing school(62.0%). And almost nurses(90.8%) don't used to utilize pain assessment tool, but the "Faces Rating Scale" is the most frequently used by nurses. 2. The use of pain medication(65.6%) is most frequently taken by nurses as pain management and is followed by massage (55.9%), distraction(27.7%). 3. Nurses' knowledge level is moderate (Mn=3.07). Nurses don't seem to understand pediatric physical development (Mn= 2.86), psychological development(Mn=2.94) well, meanwhile they seem relatively quite knowledgeable about the way pain emerges. 4. Nurses' attitudes toward pain is based on behavioral and physiological responses to pain. They believe 'changes in behavior are a way of assessing pain in child' and 'acute pain increases the number of respiration'. Nurses are ready to accept pediatric pain, but are not positive in adopting pain intervention in practice. 5. The barriers of effective pain management are inadequate assessment of pain and pain relief(81.5%), ineffective incorporation among health professionals(80%), and lack of equipment or skills(80.0%).

The purpose of this study was to find whether the educational program contributed to the increase of caring confidence and rearing attitude of the newborn mothers. The subjects for this study were 40 newborn mothers-20 control group and 20 experimental group-who delivered a normal neonate and were gotten general informations from the nurses at the K medical center in Seoul. Especially, the experimental group was educated for 30-40 minutes in maternal educational program through lectures, demonstrations, discussion with textbooks and visual materials by a researcher at 2-3 days after delivery. The data were collected two times-at 2-3 days after delivery and at 4 weeks after discharge-from October, 1998 to January, 1999 by investigators interviewing with a structured questionnaire. Pharis(1978)'s self confidence scale was used after some modification to measure caring confidence and Cohler's maternal attitude scale to check mother's rearing attitude. Analysis of data was done by using of frequency, %, chi-square-test, Independent sample t-test. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The Confidence of the experimental group was significant higher than the control group(t=2.519, p=.016) and the rearing attitude changed more positively(t=5.545, p=.000). 2. In the confidence scale, the statements having a significant change were holding a baby, changing diapers, feeding, and caring umblicus. 3. In the rearing attitude scale, the statements having a significant change were 12 of 20 statements.