Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between self-management and diabetes knowledge, diabetesrelated attitudes, family support, and self-efficacy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus based on the information-motivation- behavior skills model.
Methods Data collection was conducted between March 18 and September 30, 2018. Patients (N=87) aged 12 to 19 years were recruited from the outpatient clinic of S children’s hospital and an online community for patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearsons correlation, and hierarchical multiple linear regression with SPSS IBM 23.0, with the two-tailed level of significance set at 0.05.
Results The mean score of self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus was 61.23±10.00 out of 80. The regression analysis showed that self-efficacy and family support significantly explained 56.9% of the variance in self-management (F=21.38, p<.001). Self-efficacy (β=.504, p<.001) and family support (β=.188, p<.001) were significant predictors of self-management.
Conclusion It is necessary to develop individual interventions to improve self-efficacy and family support for adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus to help them enhance their self-management.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the moderate drinking program based on social cognitive theory on changes in the drinking habits of college students with drinking problems.
Methods This study included a total of 68 college students with drinking problems. These participants participated in 10 sessions of a moderate drinking program in which social cognitive theory was applied. Changes in the cognition and behaviors of the participants were then investigated.
Results The moderate drinking program based on social cognitive theory for college students with drinking problems was effective in increasing the subjects' drinking-related knowledge (U=191.50, p<.001), enhancing their drinking refusal self-efficacy(t=8.02, p<.001), and changing their drinking-related attitudes (U=108.50, p<.001), drinking outcome expectancy (t=8.68, p<.001), amount of drinking in a single session (x2=25.72, p<.001), number of drinking sessions per month (x2=10.05, p=.006), and problem drinking behaviors (t=5.77, p<.001).
Conclusion These results can be used to inform a regular on-campus intervention programs for moderate drinking, and to implement education about moderate drinking, thereby increasing the success rate of drinking reduction.
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Methods A cross-sectional descriptive survey design was used. The participants were 277 child care teachers at private and public daycare centers in G and S districts of Seoul. The survey instruments included a cultural empathy questionnaire, a multicultural efficacy scale, and a cultural competence scale. Data were analyzed using the SPSS and AMOS programs. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation, and mediating and moderating effect analyses were performed. Bootstrapping was implemented to verify the mediating effect of the model developed herein.
Results Positive correlations among cultural empathy, multicultural efficacy, and cultural competence were noted. Multicultural efficacy showed a significant mediating effect on the relationships between cultural empathy and cultural competence. However, there was no moderating effect.
Conclusion In order to enhance the cultural competence of child care teachers, it is necessary to develop a strategy that can promote their cultural empathy and multicultural efficacy. Furthermore, these results will ultimately enhance the role of child care teachers, thus contributing to the normal growth and development of multicultural children.
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Purpose The study was undertaken to see whether the culturally sensitive education for perinatal care using a face to face approach improves understanding of spouse’s culture, knowledge of pregnancy and parenting skills, and self-efficacy among Korean husbands and Vietnamese wives.
Methods This study has a pre- and post-test study design conducted in a total of 13 couples who live in Seoul and agreed to participate. The education program consisted of lecture and hands on practice. The self-administered questionnaires and the checklist developed based on the educational purpose were used to assess the education effects.
Results The knowledge scores on Korean/Vietnamese culture, pregnancy and parenting skills as well as the performance scores on hand washing, pelvic strengthening, feedings and newborn bathing techniques were significantly improved in both husbands and wives after education, but pelvic floor exercises were improved only in wives.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate NICU nurses’ nursing interventions for pain and factors affecting nursing interventions for pain.
Methods Participants were 120 NICU nurses from 5 university hospitals located in Daejeon Metropolitan City and Chungcheong Province. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Duncan test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis with SPSS Windows 23.0 IBM program.
Results The factors affecting nursing interventions for pain included knowledge about non-pharmacological nursing interventions for pain and self-efficacy about nursing interventions for pain. These variables explained 28.3% of nursing interventions for pain.
Conclusion The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to develop education programs in which effective nursing interventions for neonatal pain are considered. The programs should be made available to NICU nurses.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify personal, contextual, and cognitive factors influencing the career preparation behavior of Korean nursing students. In this study, an examination was done of the fitness of a path model for the relationship among these factors based on the social cognitive career theory.
Methods The participants were 413 nursing students in South Korea. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires that included self-esteem, social support, self-efficacy, outcome expectation, career decision level, and career preparation behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and path analysis.
Results The factors influencing career preparation behavior were self-efficacy, career decision level, self-esteem, outcome expectation, and social support. The factors influencing career decision level were self-efficacy, outcome expectation, self-esteem, and social support.
Conclusion The findings indicate that self-efficacy is an important factor influencing the career behavior of Korean nursing students. Nurse educators should consider personal, contextual, and cognitive factors of nursing students and develop systemic career guidance programs to help nursing students’ career preparation behavior.
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Purpose The purposes of this study were to explore knowledge, barriers, and self-efficacy in relation to pain management practice, and to identify factors influencing pain management practice in pediatric nurses.
Methods A descriptive correlational study was conducted. The participants were 237 pediatric nurses from a metropolitan city. Data were analyzed using t-test or analysis of variance and Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses.
Results The mean percentage of correct answers on the children’s pain management knowledge scale was 58.8%. Child and parent related factors were the main barriers for pain management. Self-efficacy to assess children’s pain across developmental stages was particularly low. Pain management practices for assessing pain and non-pharmacological interventions were relatively low. Factors significantly affecting children’s pain management practice were current conditions of work department and self-efficacy in pain management, and these factors accounted for 37.5% of the variance in pain management practice.
Conclusion The results suggest that an integrative education program needs to be developed to improve self-efficacy in children’s pain management practice. Moreover, good communication, building cooperative relationships with children and parents, and a more active role by pediatric nurses are required to carry out more effective pain management.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of child-care efficacy, job efficacy, and health promoting lifestyle on the job satisfaction of in-home child care helpers who are called Idolbomi.
Methods Participants for this survey were 153 in-home child care helpers who worked in Seoul. Data were collected from May 23 to October 17, 2014 using self-report structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM/SPSS 18.0 program.
Results There were significantly positive correlations between child-care efficacy, job efficacy, health promoting lifestyle, and job satisfaction. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the predictors of job satisfaction were spiritual growth, education level, job efficacy, effect of income.
Conclusion Therefore, we need to develop strategies to enhance the job efficacy and health promoting lifestyle of in-home child care helpers to improve their job satisfaction.
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Purpose This study was done to examine the effect of direct practice of newborn health assessment on nursing student’s clinical competence and self-efficacy and to propose effective strategies for clinical education on newborn care.
Methods Design was a nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental study. The direct practice program was composed of a lecture, demonstration, drill and feedback using a manikin, and repeated direct practice regarding newborn health assessment. Participants were 65 student nurses taking the pediatric nursing practicum in the nursery room at M hospital. The experimental group (n=33) participated in the direct practice program for newborn health assessment and the control group (n=32) received the traditional practice method. Nursing clinical competence was assessed by two nurse investigators and structured questionnaires were used to measure self-efficacy.
Results The experimental group’s clinical competence was significantly higher than that of the control group (t = -4.82, p = .000). However no significant difference was found between the two groups for self-efficacy (t = 1.264, p = .211).
Conclusion These findings indicate that the direct practice program is effective in improving nursing student’s clinical competence, but it was not effective in increasing self-efficacy. Direct practice in various clinical education settings is recommended and longitudinal effects be evaluated.
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Purpose This study was done to analyze the effectiveness of simulation-based integrated practice program (maternal-child) on nursing knowledge, self-confidence, and clinical competence of nursing students.
Methods A nonequivalent control group pre-post experimental design was used to compare experimental and control group. The experimental group received the integrated simulation practice and the control group received a separate simulation for maternal care and for newborn care.
Results The experimental group who had the integrated simulation had significantly higher scores for self-efficacy on nursing handover (F = 0.480 p = .012) and oxygen therapy in newborn care (F = 3.262 p = .037), and for clinical competence (F = 2.639, p < .001) and personal satisfaction with debriefing compared to the control group (F = 2.179, p = .044). But the experimental group did not have significantly higher scores in nursing knowledge.
Conclusions The results indicate that an integrated simulation practice is an effective practice method to improve self-confidence, clinical competence and satisfaction. Also this study had significance in providing a setting similar to the clinical situation.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the subjective happiness and satisfaction with life of children with type 1 diabetes and explore related factors.
Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used and the study was conducted with children at a diabetes camp. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire to explore positive and negative psychological factors. The questionnaire included Subjective Happiness Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Perceived Stress Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and General Self-Efficacy Scale.
Results Data from 15 children were used for data analysis. The correlational analysis results showed that subjective happiness was positively correlated satisfaction with life, social support, and self-efficacy, and was negatively correlated with perceived stress. Satisfaction with life was positively correlated social support, and was negatively correlated with perceived stress.
Conclusion Results indicate that the positive psychology factors were closely related with social support and self-efficacy and may alleviate perceived stress and depressive feelings. Therefore, researchers and clinicians should include positive psychological factors in their health management model for children with chronic illness.
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Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive study design was used with self-administered questionnaires. A total of 83 mothers of preschoolers aged 4-6 years and their preschool teachers from a kindergarten participated in the study.
Results Mean daily time spent by the preschoolers on smartphones was about 45 minutes/day. About 40% spent more than 60 minutes/day on smartphones. The majority (69.8%) used smartphones without adult supervision. The level of smartphone addiction tendency among the pre-schoolers was 1.52±0.45 on a 4-point scale. Preschoolers whose mothers use smartphones for more than 60 minutes/day showed a higher level of smartphone addiction tendency than preschoolers whose mothers use smartphones for less than 60 minutes/day. Also smartphone addiction tendency among preschoolers had a positive correlation with hyperactive-distractible behavior (r = .228, p = .038) and a negative correlation with parenting efficacy of their mothers (r = -.299, p = .006).
Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that preschooler’s smartphone addiction tendency is significantly associated with hyperactive-distractible behaviors of the children and low parenting efficacy among their mothers. Therefore well-designed care plans for these populations should be provided to decrease smartphone addiction tendency.
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PURPOSE Study purposes were to exam effects of self-care education for children with type 1 diabetes on their diabetes management behaviors and to explore the relationship among diabetes management behaviors, knowledge, self-efficacy and clinical variables. METHODS This study was a one group quasi-experimental study. Study participants were children with type 1 diabetes and attended a four hour self-care education of a diabetes camp. Data were collected using structured questionnaires including Diabetes Management Behavior Scale (DMBS), Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center's Brief Diabetes Knowledge Test and Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Self-Management. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 12 (+/-2.3) years. After the education, their DMBS and knowledge improved, but the improvement was not statistically significant (t=1.758, p=.101; t=0.528, p=.606). Two areas of DMBS, daily prevention behaviors and modification of care plan, were associated with study variables. Daily prevention behaviors were associated with duration of diabetes (r=.653, p=.008), HbA1c (r=.563, p=.038) and having a complication (r=-2.788, p=.015). Modification of care plan was associated with age at diagnosis (r=-.552, p=.033). CONCLUSION Children with type 1 diabetes could improve some parts of their diabetes management behaviors even after a short diabetes camp.
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PURPOSE This study was conducted to examine the effects of simulation education integrated with problem based learning (SIM-PBL) on clinical competency and self-efficacy in post operation nursing care for children. METHODS This study was a quasi-experimental design. Thirty six students in the third year of a 4-year baccalaureate nursing program were recruited conveniently and assigned to the control or intervention groups using time difference.
Students were all in a pediatric nursing clinical practicum.
The control group received the regular clinical practicum in a hospital setting. For the intervention group, a SIM-PBL education replaced 150 minutes of their clinical practicum. RESULTS The intervention group showed greater improvement in two areas of clinical competency compared with the control group; physical assessment (t=3.019, p=.005) and post operation advice (t=2.428, p=.021). However, no statistically significant differences in improvement in any areas of self-efficacy were found between two groups. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the SIM-PBL education is effective in improving some areas of clinical competence, but not self-efficacy in post operation nursing care for children. Further study is needed to develop SIM-PBL programs for various clinical topics and evaluate the effectiveness on the learning outcomes.
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PURPOSE To provide basic data to improve the practice environment of pediatric nurses by identifying their recognition of nursing professionalism and self-efficacy, and to examine the pediatric nurse parent partnership. METHODS Participants in the study were 165 nurses with 6 months of work experience in a university children's hospital in Seoul. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Research tools measuring nursing professionalism, self-efficacy, and pediatric nurse parent partnership were used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS PASW statistics 19.0. RESULTS There were statistically significant positive correlations for nursing professionalism and self-efficacy (r=.359, p<.001), nursing professionalism and the pediatric nurse parent partnership (r=.487, p<.001), and self-efficacy and the pediatric nurse parent partnership (r=.442, p<.001).According to the general characteristics of the participants, nurses who were married, practiced religion and had children tended to have higher nursing professionalism. Higher self-efficacy was exhibited by nurses who were older, married and raising children and the pediatric nurse parent partnership tended to have higher scores for nurses who practiced religion and worked in a general ward. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that higher nursing professionalism and self-efficacy result in a better pediatric nurse parent partnership which should improve the practice environment of pediatric patients.
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PURPOSE The study purposes were to describe the process of developing the Korean versions of the Six Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance (Six-D) and Student Nurse Stress Index (SNSI) and psychometric evaluation of the two measurements. METHODS This was a methodology study using a descriptive cross-sectional design with 51 nursing students in 4th year of university. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach alphas. Construct validity was determined by exploring correlations among Six-D, SNSI, objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), self-efficacy and grade point average (GPA). RESULTS Internal consistency reliability of Six-D and SNSI was acceptable with Cronbach's alpha of .95 and .82.
Correlation analysis to determine construct validity revealed that Six-D presented positive correlations with OSCE (r=.109~.272) and self-efficacy (r=.005~.161) and negative correlation with GPA (r=-.246~-.394), although all were not statistically significant. SNSI presented all negative correlations with OSCE (r= -.007~-.238), self-efficacy (r=-.246~-.394), and GPA (r=-.092~-.426) and were mostly statistically significant except OSCE. CONCLUSION Six-D needs more evidence to confirm validity to predict observed clinical competency and theoretical relationships with self-efficacy and GPA. However, SNSI presented trends of expected relationships with relevant variables. Therefore, further research is recommended in testing validity of Six-D with other student populations.
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