Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the structure of variables in studies related to unmarried mothers (UMs) based on Neuman's systems model, and the stressors and stress responses of UMs.
Methods
Whittemore and Knafl’s methodology for integrative reviews was applied. The literature was searched using five electronic databases (KISS, KMbase, KoreaMed, NDSL, and RISS) and a total of 99 variables were collected from 15 studies published between 2009 and 2019.
Results
The main stressors for UMs were a sense of loss and burden caused by childbirth and childrearing. The main stress responses were parenting stress and depression, respectively. Within the basic structure of variables related to UMs, self-esteem played a crucial role by helping UMs adapt to their situation. Meanwhile, social support of UMs was significantly correlated with parenting stress, depression, and self-esteem.
Conclusion
In order to understand UMs' stress, is necessary to explore their sense of loss, burden, and self-esteem. Furthermore, it is important to assess the level of parenting stress and depression of UMs and to provide effective interventions to alleviate these stressors. The results of this study provide useful knowledge that can be applied to nursing assessment and interventions for stress management in UMs.

Citations

• Change in self-construal: a repertory grid technique study of women admitted to a Mother and Baby Unit
  Eleanor E. Wozniak, Dougal Julian Hare, Lynsey Gregg, Anja Wittkowski
  Frontiers in Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of a natural wellness group program using interactive real-time video for unmarried mothers: A quasi-experimental study
  Kyung-Sook Bang, Sungjae Kim, Sinyoung Choi, Gumhee Lee, Misook Kim, Da-Ae Shin, Jan Christopher Cwik
  PLOS ONE.2023; 18(4): e0284340.     CrossRef
• Effects of emotion coaching group programme for mothers of preschool children with smart device overdependence: a mixed methods study
  Gumhee Lee, Sungjae Kim
  BMC Nursing.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Intervention Studies on the Enhancement of Self-Concept Among Adolescent Mothers: A Systematic Review
  Kyung-Sook Bang, Sungjae Kim, Gumhee Lee, Yeseul Jeong, Da-ae Shin, Misook Kim
  Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health .2022; 60(3): 31.     CrossRef
• Factors Related to Smartphone Overdependence in Mothers of Preschoolers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Gumhee Lee, Eunjin Yang
  Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health .2022; 60(3): 40.     CrossRef
• The experience of unmarried mothers raising their children in residential facilities: a phenomenological qualitative study
  Sungjae Kim, Kyung-Sook Bang, Yeseul Jeong, Gumhee Lee, Da-Ae Shin, Misook Kim
  BMC Women's Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Role of community health nurse in the prevention of elderly dehydration
  Mostafa SHABAN, Huda Hamdy MOHAMMED, Sahar Hassan
  Journal of Integrative Nursing.2022; 4(3): 166.     CrossRef
• The Development of a Health Promotion Program for Unmarried Mothers Living in Residential Facilities Using Urban Forests: An Intervention Mapping Approach Based on the Transtheoretical Model
  Kyung-Sook Bang, Sungjae Kim, Gumhee Lee, Sinyoung Choi, Da-Ae Shin, Misook Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(16): 8684.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between a flexible parental visiting environment and parental stress in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).
Methods
The study participants included 60 parents of premature infants in NICUs. Structured questionnaires and interviews, as well as observations by researchers using a caregiving behavior checklist, were used to measure the flexibility of the parental visiting environment and parents' stress levels. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently and were initially analyzed as separate data sets. Data collection extended from March 11, 2018 to June 30. 2018 and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients.
Results
There was a negative correlation (r=-.30, p=.021) between parental stress and the total number of visits in 7 days. We also found that the average duration of each visit and the number of caregiving behaviors performed by parents were positively correlated (r=.73, p<.001).
Conclusion
When designing a flexible visiting environment for parents, parents should be encouraged to visit their babies. By doing so, stress can be reduced both for babies and for parents. Therefore, it is suggested that the related polices and regulations in South Korea should be changed to provide more a flexible visiting environment to promote better parent-child attachment and family adjustment.

Citations

• Effects of an App-Based Visitation Program for Mothers of High-Risk Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Nameun Yu, Mi Yu
  Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing.2025; 39(2): 174.     CrossRef
• Parents' experiences of family-centred care in neonatal intensive care units: A qualitative thematic synthesis
  Mawahib Almalki, Aideen Gildea, Breidge Boyle
  Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2025; 31(3): 101655.     CrossRef
• Exploration of Family-Centered Care in NICUs: A Grounded Theory Methodology
  Young Ah Park, YeoJin Im
  Qualitative Health Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Fostering Partnership Between Pediatric Nurses and Parents of High-Risk Infants: A Mixed Method Approach
  In Young Cho, Won-Oak Oh
  Journal of Child and Family Studies.2023; 32(9): 2681.     CrossRef
• Effects of Systematic Discharge Education Program on Anxiety and Parenting Confidence in Mothers of Premature Infants
  Eunyoung Kim, Aeran Jo, Meenam Hwang, Hyunjin Moon, Daeun Jeong, Myungjin Jang, Choyeon Lim
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2023; 27(2): 71.     CrossRef
• Beliefs and attitudes of nurses towards open visiting policy in neonatal intensive care units: A descriptive cross-sectional study in northwest of Iran
  Fatemeh Ghorbani, Mahnaz Jabraeili
  Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2022; 28(2): 123.     CrossRef
• Differences in perceived parental stress between parents with very low birth weight infants and nurses in neonatal intensive care units, South Korea
  Seol-Hee Moon, Ho-Ran Park, Dong Yeon Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 297.     CrossRef
• Analysis of the educational needs of nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit for developmental supportive care
  Da-Ae Shin, Kyung-Sook Bang
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2021; 27(3): 261.     CrossRef
• Addressing the Needs of Mothers with Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Secondary Analysis
  Ah Rim Kim
  Asian Nursing Research.2020; 14(5): 327.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to characterize the relationship between parental stress and nurses’ communication as perceived by parents of high-risk newborns in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods
The participants were 54 parents of high-risk newborns in a NICU. Data were collected from January to March 2018. Parental stress and parents’ perceptions of nurses’ communication ability and styles were measured using a questionnaire.
Results
The average scores for parental stress and nurses’ communication ability were 3.39 and 4.38 respectively, on a 5-point scale. Parents most commonly reported that nurses showed a friendly communication style, followed by informative and authoritative styles. Mothers and fathers reported significantly different levels of parental stress. Parental stress showed a negative correlation with nurses’ perceived verbal communication ability. Higher scores for nurses’ verbal communication ability and for friendly and informative communication styles were associated with lower parental stress induced by the environment, the baby’s appearance and behaviors, and treatments in the NICU.
Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that nurses need to offer proper information for parents and to support parents by encouraging them to express their emotions of stress and by providing parents with therapeutic communication and opportunities to participate in care.

Citations

• Influence of perceived parental child-rearing attitudes and ego identity on college adjustment among Korean nursing students
  Hye Seon Choi, Sona Lee, Eunju Seo
  BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The experience of fathers whose infants were hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in South Korea: A scoping review
  Jiyeon Lee, Sunyeob Choi
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2023; 72: 36.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Noncontact Visit Program in the NICU for the Prevention of COVID-19
  Hye Young Ahn, Hee Jee Jo, Hyun Jeong Ko
  Healthcare.2023; 11(15): 2152.     CrossRef
• Effects of parent-provider communication during infant hospitalization in the NICU on parents: A systematic review with meta-synthesis and narrative synthesis
  Nanon H.M. Labrie, Nicole R. van Veenendaal, Ramona A. Ludolph, Johannes C.F. Ket, Sophie R.D. van der Schoor, Anne A.M.W. van Kempen
  Patient Education and Counseling.2021; 104(7): 1526.     CrossRef
• Differences in perceived parental stress between parents with very low birth weight infants and nurses in neonatal intensive care units, South Korea
  Seol-Hee Moon, Ho-Ran Park, Dong Yeon Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 297.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing the quality of nursing care as perceived by mothers of hospitalized children in South Korea
  Ina Jin, Hun Ha Cho
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 266.     CrossRef
• Addressing the Needs of Mothers with Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Secondary Analysis
  Ah Rim Kim
  Asian Nursing Research.2020; 14(5): 327.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to identify stress levels due to end-of-life care, coping strategies, and psychological well-being among nurses in neonatal intensive care unit, and to investigate the effect of stress levels and coping strategies on their well-being.
Methods
A total of 128 nurses in the neonatal intensive care units of general hospitals in B city participated. The data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, ANOVA, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression with SPSS version 22.0.
Results
The coping strategy that nurses most often used was seeking social support. The factors affecting the well-being of the participants were wishful thinking, problem-focused coping and seeking social support, in order. Those 3 variables explained 21 % of the total variance in psychological well-being. Problem-focused coping and seeking social support were positively associated with psychological well-being, while wishful thinking showed a negative association.
Conclusion
In order to improve the psychological well-being of nurses in neonatal intensive care units, it is necessary to provide nurses with a program to build a social support system and to improve their problem-based coping skills.

Citations

• Emotional and psychological experiences of nursing students caring for dying patients: an explorative study at a national referral hospital in Uganda
  Asha K. Nabirye, Ian G. Munabi, Aloysius G. Mubuuke, Sarah Kiguli
  BMC Medical Education.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Palliative Care for Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Eun Sook Kim, Sue Kim, Sanghee Kim, Sujeong Kim, So Yoon Ahn, Hyejung Lee
  Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing.2024; 26(1): 14.     CrossRef
• NICU nurses' moral distress surrounding the deaths of infants
  Soojeong Han, Haeyoung Min, Sujeong Kim
  Nursing Ethics.2023; 30(2): 276.     CrossRef
• Psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Palliative Care Nursing Self-Competence scale for infant use
  Eun Sook Kim, Sujeong Kim, Kyua Kim, Hyejung Lee
  Australian Critical Care.2023; 36(6): 1019.     CrossRef
• A Systematic Review of the Stress-Coping Scales Used in Korean Nursing
  Hyeon Ok Ju, So Yeon Park, Jaeyoung Lee, Hye-Ryeon Park
  Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2023; 23(2): 45.     CrossRef
• Nurses’ attitudes and stress related to perinatal bereavement care in Korea: a cross-sectional survey
  Eunhui Kim, Hae Won Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2022; 28(2): 134.     CrossRef
• Personal and Emotional Factors of Nursing Professionals Related to Coping with End-of-Life Care: A Cross-Sectional Study
  María Povedano-Jiménez, Carmen Ropero-Padilla, Miguel Rodriguez-Arrastia, María Paz García-Caro
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(18): 9515.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing well‐being in clinical nurses: A path analysis using a multi‐mediation model
  Sung Reul Kim, Ok Lae Park, Hye Young Kim, Ji Young Kim
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2019; 28(23-24): 4549.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an empowerment program on maternal stress, anxiety, depression and parenting confidence.
Methods
A total of 44 mothers of preterm infants were assigned into an experimental or a control group (n=22 each). The experimental group received the usual nursing care and 7 sessions of an empowerment program. The control group only received the usual care. The program was implemented from June to December, 2016 in the neonatal intensive care unit of K university-affiliated hospital in Daegu, Korea. The outcome variables measured were parental stress (PSS: NICU), anxiety (STAI), depression (CES-D) and parenting confidence. Data were analyzed using t-test or repeated measures ANOVA.
Results
Scores for both parental stress (t=3.07 p=.004) and depression (F=3.76, p=.26) were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. However, there were no significant differences in anxiety between the groups (F=0.79, p=.505). Parenting confidence scores (F=9.05, p=.001) were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group.
Conclusion
A maternal empowerment program can be an effective means of reducing parental stress and depression as well as enhancing parenting confidence, for mothers of preterm infants.

Citations

• Confidence, not competence: Reframing roles to embed FICare
  Rachel Louise Collum, Ailie Hodgson, Sue Thompson, Claire Campbell
  Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2024; 30(1): 88.     CrossRef
• Effects of an App-Based Visitation Program for Mothers of High-Risk Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Nameun Yu, Mi Yu
  Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Translation and Validation of Maternal Confidence Questionnaire (MCQ) In Iran: Persian Version
  Mona Alinejad-Naeini, Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani, Farhad Abolhasan Choobdar, Roqayeh Aliyari
  Child Care in Practice.2023; : 1.     CrossRef
• Does antibiotic awareness campaigns exposure decrease intention to demand antibiotic treatment? Testing a structural model among parents in Western Australia
  Aaron Lapuz Alejandro, Wei Wei Cheryl Leo, Mieghan Bruce, Kaymart Gimutao, Saurav Basu
  PLOS ONE.2023; 18(5): e0285396.     CrossRef
• Effects of Systematic Discharge Education Program on Anxiety and Parenting Confidence in Mothers of Premature Infants
  Eunyoung Kim, Aeran Jo, Meenam Hwang, Hyunjin Moon, Daeun Jeong, Myungjin Jang, Choyeon Lim
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2023; 27(2): 71.     CrossRef
• Identifying Latent Topics and Trends in Premature Infant–Related Nursing Studies Using a Latent Dirichlet Allocation Method
  Myeong Seon Lee, Seonah Lee
  CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2023; 41(12): 957.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Noncontact Visit Program in the NICU for the Prevention of COVID-19
  Hye Young Ahn, Hee Jee Jo, Hyun Jeong Ko
  Healthcare.2023; 11(15): 2152.     CrossRef
• The effect of the supportive care program based on Bandura's self-efficacy on stress and participation of the mothers of the neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit
  Shima Heidary, Haydeh Heidari, Roya Choopani, Morteza Sedehi
  Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Delphi study on the Needs for the Development of a Customized Program based on Augmented Reality for Preterm infants and their Families in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Jae Eun Sin, Ah Rim Kim
  Journal of Digital Contents Society.2022; 23(3): 455.     CrossRef
• Development of a mobile application focusing on developmental support care for Korean infants born prematurely: a methodological study
  Ji Hyeon Park, Haeryun Cho
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(2): 112.     CrossRef
• “Always a Preemie”: Maternal Experiences Parenting a Very Preterm Infant into Toddlerhood
  Megan Quist, Megan M. Julian, Meera Meerkov, Megan H. Pesch
  Journal of Neonatology.2022; 36(2): 113.     CrossRef
• Development and Evaluation of the Parenting Support Group Program for Mothers with Infants
  Sun Hwa Park, Kyung Ja June
  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nurs.2021; 32(1): 40.     CrossRef
• Effects of an Infant Care Education Program for Mothers of Late-preterm Infants on Parenting Confidence, Breastfeeding Rates, and Infants' Growth and Readmission Rates
  Eun Hye Jang, Hyeon Ok Ju
  Child Health Nursing Research.2020; 26(1): 11.     CrossRef
• An Integrative Review of Family Interventions based on a Philosophy of Family-Centered Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
  Nary Chung, Yeseul Kim, Eunyoung Park, Lisa Yeo, Jiwon Hwang
  Perspectives in Nursing Science.2019; 16(1): 35.     CrossRef
• A Mother’s Experience of Hospitalization of Her Newborn in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Euna Choi, Youngeun Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(4): 407.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the meaning and essence of experiences of stress in mothers of preschoolers with atopic dermatitis.
Methods
This study employed a qualitative research design. Seven mothers of preschoolers with atopic dermatitis were interviewed and the data were analyzed using Giorgi’s phenomenological method.
Results
Five main themes and 12 theme clusters emerged. The 5 main themes were 1) the mother’s enduring heartache from the conflict that arise among family members, 2) the complete loss of daily happiness, 3) the steady stream of emotional fluctuations, 4) struggling to bear the heavy financial burden, and, 5) a life of hope accompanied by stress.
Conclusion
The results of this study provide an in-depth understanding of stress among mothers of preschoolers with atopic dermatitis. These results can be used in the development of nursing interventions to provide psychological and emotional support for mothers and family members.

Citations

• Impact of Atopic Dermatitis® on Quality of Life of Caregivers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  John Chun Hian Yap, Yik Weng Yew
  Dermatitis®.2024; 35(6): 554.     CrossRef
• “I have to be brave” – parents’ experiences of caring for a child with eczema
  Christine Chua, Judith Chew, Winnie Lim
  Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Developmen.2023; 33(4): 256.     CrossRef
• Views and experiences of managing eczema: systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies*
  E. Teasdale, I. Muller, K. Sivyer, D. Ghio, K. Greenwell, S. Wilczynska, A. Roberts, M.J. Ridd, N. Francis, L. Yardley, K.S. Thomas, M. Santer
  British Journal of Dermatology.2021; 184(4): 627.     CrossRef

Purpose
Quality of life is important to everyone including school-age children. Therefore this study was done to identify the effects perceived daily stress and sense of humor on quality of life for these children.
Methods
The study was a cross-sectional, descriptive study design with 371 participants from 5th and 6th grade children in 5 elementary schools. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 24.0 program.
Results
Factors influencing quality of life in school-age children were daily stress, sense of humor, satisfaction with daily life, academic performance and home atmosphere. These variables explained 63.0% of quality of life in school-age children.
Conclusion
Results showed that lower daily stress and higher sense of humor are associated with higher quality of life. Therefore, to improve quality of life in school-age children, healthcare providers should develop intervention programs considering these factors.

Citations

• Çocuklarda Mizah Ölçeğinin (4-12 yaş) Geliştirilmesi ve Çocukların Mizah Eğilimlerinin İncelenmesi
  Arzu Özyürek, Hatice Keser, Nagihan Yıldırım
  Uluslararası Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi Çalışmaları De.2024; 9(2): 65.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting the mental health status of children from multicultural families in South Korea: a cross-sectional descriptive analysis of data from the multicultural adolescents panel study
  Sunyeob Choi
  Child Health Nursing Research.2023; 29(1): 60.     CrossRef
• Research Trends in Daily Stress Among Children and Adolescents: Articles Published from 2010 to 2020 in Korea
  Sungmin Park, JungHa Lim
  Korean Journal of Child Studies.2021; 42(1): 89.     CrossRef
• A Study on Child Friendliness in the G Local Community and Life Satisfaction of Children and Adolescents
  Ara Choi, Hye sun Kim, Sook Lee
  The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2019; 30(3): 377.     CrossRef

Purpose
Nurses experience burnout related to various factors. For this descriptive research job stress, compassion satisfaction, and compassion fatigue were examined as to their relationship to burnout in nurses from children’s hospital.
Methods
The participants were 305 nurses working in children’s hospital. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure job stress, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout.
Results
Nurses in children’s hospital experienced a greater than moderate degree of job stress, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout, whereas differences existed according to general characteristics. Job stress, compassion fatigue and burnout showed a significant positive correlation and results of compassion fatigue and burnout were similar. Also, job stress, compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue were associated with burnout in nurses working in children’s hospital.
Conclusion
Findings indicate that as longer work experience is accompanied by higher job stress and burnout, it is necessary to develop intervention programs to reduce burnout among career nurses exposed to greater job stress in children’s hospital.

Citations

• Factors affecting pediatric nurses’ development of partnerships with parents of hospitalized children: An evaluation based on the stress-coping adaptation model
  In Young Cho, So Hyoung Hong, Ji Yeong Yun
  Journal of Child Health Care.2025; 29(1): 53.     CrossRef
• The mediating role of psychological capital in the association between work engagement and occupational stress in pediatric nurses
  Kosar Abdeh Keykha, Mona Alinejad-Naeini, Hamid Peyrovi
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Prediction of Job Burnout in Nurses Based on the Job Demands‐Resources Model: An Explainable Machine Learning Approach
  Yue Zeng, Xiangyu Zhao, Zihui Xie, Xiaohe Lin, Meiling Qi, Ping Li
  Journal of Advanced Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Changing Kindergarten Teachers’ Mindsets Toward Children to Overcome Compassion Fatigue
  Fangyan Chen, Yabo Ge, Wenjun Xu, Junshuai Yu, Yiwen Zhang, Xingjian Xu, Shuqiong Zhang
  Psychology Research and Behavior Management.2023; Volume 16: 521.     CrossRef
• Factors Associated with Job Stress among Hospital Nurses: A Meta-Correlation Analysis
  Ji-Young Lim, Geun-Myun Kim, Eun-Joo Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2022; 19(10): 5792.     CrossRef
• The development and evaluation of a pediatric nurse education program to improve nursing competency for newly graduated nurses in a children’s hospital
  Hae-kyung Shin, Hyo-yeong Kim, Hyun-Jung Kim, Min-kyung Kim, Hyun-joo Shin, Hoo-yun Lee, Jee-hee Han, Hye-jung Lee
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2022; 28(2): 179.     CrossRef
• A structural equation model of the relationship among occupational stress, coping styles, and mental health of pediatric nurses in China: a cross-sectional study
  Yating Zhou, Xiaoli Guo, Huaying Yin
  BMC Psychiatry.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Mediating effect of sleep disturbance and rumination on work-related burnout of nurses treating patients with coronavirus disease
  Salman Zarei, Khadijeh Fooladvand
  BMC Psychology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Negative Emotions and Job Burnout in News Media Workers: A Moderated Mediation Model of Rumination and Empathy
  Mingxiao Liu, Ning Wang, Pengcheng Wang, Haomeng Wu, Xianger Ding, Fengqing Zhao
  Journal of Affective Disorders.2021; 279: 75.     CrossRef
• Posttraumatic growth and burnout in pediatric nurses: The mediating role of secondary traumatization and the moderating role of meaning in work
  Yaira Hamama‐Raz, Liat Hamama, Ruth Pat‐Horenczyk, Yaffa Naomi Stokar, Tal Zilberstein, Efrat Bron‐Harlev
  Stress and Health.2021; 37(3): 442.     CrossRef
• Mediating Effects of Anger Expression in the Relationship of Work Stress with Burnout among Hospital Nurses Depending on Career Experience
  Hye Yeong Lee, Mi Heui Jang, Yoo Mi Jeong, Sohyune R. Sok, Ae Sil Kim
  Journal of Nursing Scholarship.2021; 53(2): 227.     CrossRef
• A Survey of Nurses' Need for Care Robots in Children's Hospitals
  Meiling Jin, Jeongeun Kim
  CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2020; 38(7): 349.     CrossRef
• Burnout amongst Nurses in Cancer Wards: Impact of Nursing Professionalism, Perfectionism, and Resilience
  Eun Ko, Hye Young Kim, Gwang Sook Kim, Rang Soon Kim, Hyang Sook So
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2018; 18(4): 214.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to level of satisfaction among mothers of preschoolers.
Methods
Participants were 359 mothers of firstborn healthy preschoolers. The questionnaires were collected from August 1 to November 21, 2012. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0.
Results
The mean score for degree of mothers’ parenting satisfaction was 5.94 out of 7. There were significant differences in the level of parenting satisfaction according to mother’s job (t=2.48, p=.014), planned pregnancy (t=3.07, p=.002), number of children (t=2.22, p=.027), and parenting education (F=4.33, p=.005). The environmental variables of age of spouse (F=3.06, p=.048) and monthly income of the household (F=2.87, p=.036) also seemed to have an influence. Analysis of predictors such as the mother’s job, planned pregnancy, parenting education, overall health problems, parenting stress, perception of emotional status and behaviors in children, age of spouse, and spouse’s support explained 31.5% of the variance in mother’s parenting satisfaction.
Conclusion
The results suggest a need to develop nursing intervention programs for parenting stress reduction, and health programs for fathers to support mothers’ child rearing.

Citations

• Parental Health-promoting Behaviors for Young Children in Intercultural Couples
  Hyunmi Son, Gyumin Han, Young-Sil Sohn
  Journal of Child and Family Studies.2024; 33(10): 3317.     CrossRef
• A Model for Role Transition of Older Mothers with Preschool Children
  Mee Kyung Kim, Hyang Mi Jung
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 37.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to define the concept of stress in siblings of childhood cancer patients.
Methods
The hybrid model was used to perform the concept analysis of stress in childhood cancer patients’ siblings. Through reviews of 16 studies in the theoretical phase and interviews with 20 siblings in the field phase, the derived results were brought together in the integration phase.
Results
The concept of stress in siblings of patients with childhood cancer was found to have 6 attributes and 28 indicators in 3 domains. Personal factors included 2 attributes (fear about childhood cancer and immature coping skills), and family factors had 2 attributes (changes in relationships with family and changes in family environment), social factors had 2 attributes (changes in relationships with friends and in the school experience, and insufficient social support).
Conclusion
The stress of siblings of childhood cancer patients was defined as a state of tension associated with personal, family, social factors that can be related to their siblings’ childhood cancer. The findings in this study provide the base for the development of a tool for measuring siblings’ stress and/or the development of nursing programs for these siblings.

Citations

• Educational needs of people with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their parents: A cross‐sectional study
  Mi‐Kyoung Cho, Mi Young Kim
  Nursing Open.2023; 10(7): 4849.     CrossRef
• Development of a Stress Scale for Siblings of Childhood Cancer Patients
  Juyoun Yu, Kyung-Sook Bang, Hyoung Kang
  Children.2021; 8(4): 265.     CrossRef
• A Systematic Review of Interventions with Siblings of Pediatric Cancer Patients
  Soo-yeon Han, Ji-Hye Hwang, Cho-hee Kim, Hye-young Jang, Kyung-Sook Bang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(3): 394.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the paternal stress and nursing support as perceived by fathers of high risk infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU).
Methods
The study participants included 88 fathers of high risk infants in NICUs. Their parental stress and nursing support were measured using a self-report questionnaire.
Results
The parental stress level of the fathers was 3.57 of a possible 5. Among the parental stress items, ‘Relationship with infant and parental role’ had the highest scores. The perceived nursing support level was a relatively high, 3.90 on a 5-point scale. The lowest score was for the item ‘showed concern about my well-being.’ The parental stress was lower in fathers with low income, higher in fathers in nuclear families and when the infants’ condition was serious.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that fathers of high risk infants experience intense parental stress. Thus when designing care to provide support for these fathers and their infants, it is necessary to encourage the fathers’ engagement, provide information on how to respond to the baby, and include supportive care to the fathers.

Citations

• The experience of fathers whose infants were hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in South Korea: A scoping review
  Jiyeon Lee, Sunyeob Choi
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2023; 72: 36.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Noncontact Visit Program in the NICU for the Prevention of COVID-19
  Hye Young Ahn, Hee Jee Jo, Hyun Jeong Ko
  Healthcare.2023; 11(15): 2152.     CrossRef
• Reviewing recordings of neonatal resuscitation with parents
  Maria C den Boer, Mirjam Houtlosser, Ruben S G M Witlox, Roosmarijn van der Stap, Martine C de Vries, Enrico Lopriore, Arjan B te Pas
  Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neona.2021; 106(4): 346.     CrossRef
• Differences in perceived parental stress between parents with very low birth weight infants and nurses in neonatal intensive care units, South Korea
  Seol-Hee Moon, Ho-Ran Park, Dong Yeon Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 297.     CrossRef
• Developing Nursing Standard Guidelines for Nurses in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Delphi Study
  Hanna Lee, Da-Jung Kim, Jeong-Won Han
  Healthcare.2020; 8(3): 320.     CrossRef
• The Relationship between Stress, Social Support, and Confidence in Paternal Role Perceived by Korean Fathers of High Risk Infants
  Jeong Hee Eom, YeoJin Im
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2019; 49: e21.     CrossRef
• Parental anxiety regarding premature infants and factors affecting parental concern
  Ju Yun Lee, Jung Hyun Lee, Gyu Min Yeon, Yu Jin Jung
  Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Correlations between a Flexible Parental Visiting Environment and Parental Stress in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
  Su Jin Lee, Eun Kyoung Choi, Jeongok Park, Hee Soon Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 377.     CrossRef
• Experience of Becoming a Father of a High Risk Premature Infant
  Jeong Eon Park, Byoung Sook Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(2): 277.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify effects of parenting stress in North Korean refugee fathers on their parenting behavior.
Methods
A descriptive study design was used. Data were collected during 2014 and 2015 in a settlement support center for North Korean refugees and 99 North Korean refugee fathers participated. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0.
Results
Warmth․encouragement parenting behavior received the highest score. The score for parenting stress was 81.98 out of 180, and 32.3% of participants were found to need professional help (≥PSI 90). There were significant negative correlations between warmth․encouragement parenting behavior and parenting stress. There were also significant positive correlations between rejection․neglect parenting behavior and parenting stress. Predictors of warmth․encouragement behavior were parent-child dysfunctional interaction which explained 10.1% of the variance. Predictors of rejection․neglect behavior were parent-child dysfunctional interaction, number of children and wife’s education level which explained 33.4% of the variance.
Conclusion
Findings show that North Korean refugee fathers’ parenting stress significantly influenced warmth․encouragement and rejection․neglect parenting behavior indicating a need to identify ways to decrease parenting stress. Parenting education can guide North Korean refugee fathers to strengthen parent-child positive interactions and therefore promote their children’s growth and development.

Citations

• 가족관계에서 탈북청년들의 신념변화에 관한 질적 연구: 부모-자녀관계에서 ‘좋은 부모’에 관한 인식을 중심으로*
  주람 전, 일현 배, 지홍 배, 윤정 신
  Journal of Family Relations.2024; 28(4): 93.     CrossRef
• Development and effects of the PARENT (Parenting Acceptable Real Empathy Nurture Training) program for mothers who defected from North Korea
  In-Sook Lee, Jung-Hee Jeon
  Applied Nursing Research.2024; 79: 151839.     CrossRef
• Research Trends on the Parenting Behavior of North Korean Defectors: A Scoping Review
  Ocksim Kim, Seongmi Choi, JiYeon Choi, Sang Hui Chu
  Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2024; 38(1): 55.     CrossRef
• Influence of parenting efficacy, parenting stress, and acculturation stress on parent-child relations among North Korean refugee mothers
  In-Sook Lee, Jung-Hee Jeon
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(2): 171.     CrossRef
• Stress e competenze genitoriali nelle separazioni giudiziarie. Analisi dei fattori protettivi e di rischio nelle relazioni parentali
  Daniela Pajardi, Monia Vagni, Valeria Giostra, Viviana La Spada, Tiziana Maiorano
  RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA.2019; (4): 693.     CrossRef
• Structural Equation Model for Psychosocial Adjustment in North Korean Adolescent Refugees
  Insook Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(3): 287.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was done to explore disease factors in children with epilepsy, parental factors and resource factors that are related to parenting stress and identify effects of each factor on parenting stress.
Methods
Participants were 131 parents who had children who visited a hospital or were hospitalized due to epilepsy. Data collection was done between September 17 and November 17, 2012, and self-report surveys were used.
Results
In Stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors influencing parenting stress in children with epilepsy were marital communication, educational background of parents, parenting efficacy, children’s development delay, drug treatment and surgical treatment as a method of epilepsy treatment. These factors explained 34.6% (F = 13.22, p < .001) of the variance in parenting stress.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that parental factors (educational background of parents and parenting efficacy) and resource factors (marital communication) have higher explanatory power than disease factors of the children. Thus, it is importance to assess the capacity of parents through self-evaluation, and to assess barriers to marital communication when developing parenting stress intervention programs. Furthermore, both parents should be involved in interventions for parenting stress.

Citations

• Development of a parent questionnaire to assess treatment adherence for a child or adolescent with epilepsy
  Juna Lee, Ju Young Yoon
  Epilepsy & Behavior.2023; 140: 109112.     CrossRef
• Structural Equation Modeling for Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Developmental Disabilities: Focusing on the Self-Help Model
  Mi Ran Yang, Mi Yu
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2022; 52(3): 308.     CrossRef

Purpose
Child Health nurse practitioners (CHNPs) in Korea have important roles in disease management and health promotion for children and adolescents. Yet, practices of CHNPs licensed and employed in hospitals have not been adequately identified. Thus, in this study the scope of practice by CHNPs and job satisfaction and stress were investigated and compared according to the CHNPs’ position in the working place.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. All 53 licensed CHNPs participated in the mail survey which included a 71-item questionnaire on job performance and job satisfaction and a job contents questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, x² test, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare CHNPs employed as nurse practitioner (NP) and CHNPs employed as staff nurses.
Results
Compared to CHNPs employed as staff nurses, CHNPs employed as NPs more frequently provided education, environment management, coordination and research in their practice areas. No significant difference was found in job satisfaction between the two groups except for the administration and income subdomains. Only the physical exertion subdomain in job stress was stressful to CHNP employed as staff nurse.
Conclusions
Job performance of CHNPs in Korea needs to be revised to include more practical practice in education, coordination, and research related areas.

Citations

• Physical examination competence as a predictor of diagnostic reasoning among new advanced practice nurse students: a cross-sectional study
  Hyejung Lee, Young Joo Lee, JuHee Lee, Sanghee Kim
  Contemporary Nurse.2019; 55(4-5): 360.     CrossRef
• Pediatric nurse practitioners’ clinical competencies and knowing patterns in nursing: Focus group interviews
  Hyejung Lee, Anna Kim, Anna Meong, Minjeong Seo
  Contemporary Nurse.2017; 53(5): 515.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe the subjective happiness and satisfaction with life of children with type 1 diabetes and explore related factors.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used and the study was conducted with children at a diabetes camp. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire to explore positive and negative psychological factors. The questionnaire included Subjective Happiness Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Perceived Stress Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and General Self-Efficacy Scale.
Results
Data from 15 children were used for data analysis. The correlational analysis results showed that subjective happiness was positively correlated satisfaction with life, social support, and self-efficacy, and was negatively correlated with perceived stress. Satisfaction with life was positively correlated social support, and was negatively correlated with perceived stress.
Conclusion
Results indicate that the positive psychology factors were closely related with social support and self-efficacy and may alleviate perceived stress and depressive feelings. Therefore, researchers and clinicians should include positive psychological factors in their health management model for children with chronic illness.

Citations

• Factors influencing quality of life in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study in South Korea
  Hye-Ryeon Park, So-Yeon Park
  Belitung Nursing Journal.2025; 11(3): 357.     CrossRef
• Process of Diabetes Management in Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
  Hyung-Eun Seo, Miyoung Kim, Eun-Young Doo, Jihye Choi
  Western Journal of Nursing Research.2020; 42(4): 278.     CrossRef
• Tell Me A Story: Promoting resiliency in military children with a bibliotherapy intervention
  Katherine Marie Conover
  Nursing Forum.2020; 55(3): 439.     CrossRef
• Blood Glucose Control and Related Factors at a Camp for Korean Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
  Narae Kang, Jieun Lee, Dong-Ho Park, Soo-Kyung Lee, So-Young Nam, Sanghyun Lee, Mincheol Kim, Heesook Kang, Euiyeon Kim, Misoon Kim, Min Sohn
  Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing.2018; 41(1): 58.     CrossRef
• Family quality of life among families of children with atopic dermatitis
  Hae Ji Jang, Seonyeong Hwang, Youngmee Ahn, Dae Hyun Lim, Min Sohn, Jeong Hee Kim
  Asia Pacific Allergy.2016; 6(4): 213.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting depression in mothers of children with disabilities and to identify the relationships between the depression, parenting-stress and self-esteem.
METHODS
The participants were 100 mothers of children with disabilities lving in G city. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficients with SPSS/PC+ 21.0.
RESULTS
There was a significant relationship between depression and parenting stress (p<.001). Depression was negatively correlated with self-esteem (p<.001). Variables affecting depression were parenting-stress, self-esteem and family income. The three factors accounted for 38.7% of the depression.
CONCLUSION
The results of the study show that parenting-stress and selfesteem are the most significant factors affecting depression. There is an urgent need to develop nursing interventions to reduce levels of depression in mothers of children with disabilities and to help them lead a healthier life.

Citations

• A Study on the Effects of Self-esteem of Fathers with Young Children on Parenting Stress: Focused on the Mediating Effect of Marital Satisfaction and Depression
  Sung-Ryung Kim, Chung-Sun Park
  Korean Journal of family welfare.2018; 23(2): 215.     CrossRef
• A study on the factors influencing the satisfaction of life of disabled children parents
  Hyun-Suk Lee, Kyu-Soo Ha
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperati.2015; 16(11): 8046.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purposes of the study were to develop and test a model which explains the relationship among factors affecting behavioral problems in elementary school children.
METHODS
The participants for the study were 368 elementary school children and their mothers at 3 elementary schools in one city. Data analysis was done using the SPSS 17.0 program for t-test, -test, and ANOVA and the AMOS 17.0 program for theoretical model testing.
RESULTS
The theoretical model showed a significant goodness of fit to the empirical data (Goodness of Fit Index: .96, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index: .93 Comparative Fit Index: .95, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: .06, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual: .02). Six paths were found to be statistically significant including from child rearing attitude to self-esteem, stress, stress coping and behavioral problems, and from self-esteem to stress and behavioral problems. Child rearing attitude showed a significant effect to behavioral problems by total effect. Self-esteem affected behavioral problems by total and direct effects.
CONCLUSION
Child rearing attitude and self-esteem of children are important factors affecting behavioral problems in elementary school children.

Citations

• Application of Latent Class Analysis to Predict Children’s Internalizing Problems
  Young Ae Lee
  Korean Journal of Child Studies.2020; 41(3): 25.     CrossRef
• Development and exploratory testing of a school‐based educational program for healthy life behaviors among fifth grade children in South Korea
  Shin‐Jeong Kim, Seong‐Sook Baek, Kyung‐Ah Kang
  Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2017; 14(1): 13.     CrossRef
• Professional Identity of Elementary School Health Teachers: A Grounded Theory Approach.
  Jin Ok Kwon, Jina Oh, Eun Ha Kim, Dae Dong Hahn
  Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(1): 64.     CrossRef
• School Adaptation Program for School-Age Children with Emotional and Behavioral Problems
  Haeryun Cho, Shin-Jeong Kim, Myung Soon Kwon, Jina Oh, Woojae Han
  Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(2): 141.     CrossRef
• The Influence of the Laughing Programs on Self-esteem and Stress Coping Behaviors in Elementary School Student
  Jin-Soon Bae
  Journal of the Korean Society of School Health.2015; 28(1): 22.     CrossRef
• Children's Emotional and Behavioral Problems Reported by Parents and Teachers and Associating Factors
  Jong Il Yuh, Kyung Hwa Lee
  Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2014; 23(3): 367.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of systematic information on maternal attachment, parenting stress and maternal confidence of mothers of premature infants.
METHODS
Using a non-equivalent control group pre-post quasi-experimental design, 42 participants were assigned to one of two groups, an experimental group (n=20), which received systematic information; and a control (n=22), which received the usual discharge education. Prior to the intervention, baseline data were collected (pretest) and then the systematic information was provided four times for the experimental group. Maternal attachment, parenting stress and maternal confidence were measured. Data were collected three times: Seven to 10 days prior to discharge, day of discharge, and two weeks after discharge.
RESULTS
Mothers in the experimental group had significantly higher scores in maternal attachment (F=6.16, p=.005), lower parenting stress scores (F=5.56, p=.004), and higher scores for maternal confidence (F=16.50, p<.001) than mothers in the control group. These tendencies were progressively enhanced even two weeks after discharge from the hospital.
CONCLUSION
The results indicate that provision of systematic information to mothers with premature infants is an effective intervention to enhance mothers' maternal attachment, decrease parenting stress, and enhance maternal confidence.

Citations

• Effects of an App-Based Visitation Program for Mothers of High-Risk Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Nameun Yu, Mi Yu
  Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Implementation of a simulation-based education for mothers in managing respiratory emergencies in the neonatal intensive care unit
  Heemoon Lim, Hyejung Lee
  Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2023; 29(4): 662.     CrossRef
• Effects of Systematic Discharge Education Program on Anxiety and Parenting Confidence in Mothers of Premature Infants
  Eunyoung Kim, Aeran Jo, Meenam Hwang, Hyunjin Moon, Daeun Jeong, Myungjin Jang, Choyeon Lim
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2023; 27(2): 71.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Noncontact Visit Program in the NICU for the Prevention of COVID-19
  Hye Young Ahn, Hee Jee Jo, Hyun Jeong Ko
  Healthcare.2023; 11(15): 2152.     CrossRef
• Development and Effects of Mobile-Application-Based Parenting Support Program for Premature Infants’ Mothers
  Hye Young Ahn, Hyun Jeong Ko, Hee Jee Jo
  Healthcare.2023; 11(19): 2639.     CrossRef
• Simulation-Based Education Improves Mothers’ Confidencein Managing Respiratory Emergency Situations
  Hee-moon Lim, hyejung Lee
  SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The relationship between mother‐infant contact time and changes in postpartum depression and mother‐infant attachment among mothers staying at postpartum care centers: An observational study
  Heajin Cho, Ihn Sook Jeong
  Nursing & Health Sciences.2021; 23(2): 547.     CrossRef
• The Development and Validation of a Perceived Nursing Support Scale for Mothers of Preterm Infants
  Mihae Im, Jina Oh
  Asian Nursing Research.2021; 15(5): 317.     CrossRef
• Effects of an Infant Care Education Program for Mothers of Late-preterm Infants on Parenting Confidence, Breastfeeding Rates, and Infants' Growth and Readmission Rates
  Eun Hye Jang, Hyeon Ok Ju
  Child Health Nursing Research.2020; 26(1): 11.     CrossRef
• Parenting Stress in Preterm and Full-term Infant Mothers by Their Children’s Developmental Stages
  Kieun Kim, Hyejung Lee
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2020; 24(3): 162.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Community-based Follow-up Program for Parents with Premature Infants on Parenting Stress, Parenting Efficacy, and Coping
  Eun Sun Ji, Ka Ka Shim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2020; 26(3): 366.     CrossRef
• Validation of the Korean Version of the Maternal Postpartum Attachment Development Scale for Mothers of Children who were in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Ah Rim Kim, Young Ran Tak
  Korean Journal of Child Studies.2018; 39(1): 129.     CrossRef
• A Mother’s Experience of Hospitalization of Her Newborn in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Euna Choi, Youngeun Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(4): 407.     CrossRef
• Effect of Child Development Knowledge, Rearing Knowledge and Use of Health Care Service on Maternal Confidence among Mothers with Premature Infants
  So Yeon Kim, Sook Jung Kang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(4): 407.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Hospital Based Follow-Up Program for Mothers with Very Low Birth Weight Infants
  Min Hee Kim, Eun Sun Ji
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(1): 79.     CrossRef
• Participation in Prenatal Education, Knowledge and Attitude related to Delivery, Postpartum Care, Newborn Care in Nulliparous Women
  Mi-Young Kim, Gwang-Suk Kim, Sue Kim, Hye-Jung Lee
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2016; 22(3): 139.     CrossRef
• Maternal Role Development in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Graduate Mothers of Premature Infant
  Ah Rim Kim, Young Ran Tak
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2015; 21(4): 308.     CrossRef
• Current Status of Occupational Therapy in Korean University Hospital NICUs
  Sunmi Kim, Seohee Park, Sunjoung An
  Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medic.2014; 2(4): 19.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The study purposes were to describe the process of developing the Korean versions of the Six Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance (Six-D) and Student Nurse Stress Index (SNSI) and psychometric evaluation of the two measurements.
METHODS
This was a methodology study using a descriptive cross-sectional design with 51 nursing students in 4th year of university. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach alphas. Construct validity was determined by exploring correlations among Six-D, SNSI, objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), self-efficacy and grade point average (GPA).
RESULTS
Internal consistency reliability of Six-D and SNSI was acceptable with Cronbach's alpha of .95 and .82. Correlation analysis to determine construct validity revealed that Six-D presented positive correlations with OSCE (r=.109~.272) and self-efficacy (r=.005~.161) and negative correlation with GPA (r=-.246~-.394), although all were not statistically significant. SNSI presented all negative correlations with OSCE (r= -.007~-.238), self-efficacy (r=-.246~-.394), and GPA (r=-.092~-.426) and were mostly statistically significant except OSCE.
CONCLUSION
Six-D needs more evidence to confirm validity to predict observed clinical competency and theoretical relationships with self-efficacy and GPA. However, SNSI presented trends of expected relationships with relevant variables. Therefore, further research is recommended in testing validity of Six-D with other student populations.

Citations

• Development and psychometric evaluation of Clinical Practice Self-Efficacy Scale for nursing students
  Heejung Choi, Sueun Kim, Harim Jeong
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2022; 28(3): 236.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of a self-directed learning program using blended coaching among nursing students in clinical practice: a quasi-experimental research design
  Gie-Ok Noh, Dong Hee Kim
  BMC Medical Education.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Associations Among Nursing Work Environment and Health‐Promoting Behaviors of Nurses and Nursing Performance Quality: A Multilevel Modeling Approach
  Hyeonmi Cho, Kihye Han
  Journal of Nursing Scholarship.2018; 50(4): 403.     CrossRef
• Turkish Version of the Student Nurse Stress Index: Validity and Reliability
  Gamze Sarikoc, Meral Bayram Demiralp, Emine Oksuz, Berrin Pazar
  Asian Nursing Research.2017; 11(2): 128.     CrossRef
• Development of a simulation-based assessment to evaluate the clinical competencies of Korean nursing students
  Kyongok Park, Youngmee Ahn, Narae Kang, Min Sohn
  Nurse Education Today.2016; 36: 337.     CrossRef
• Influence of Nursing Students’ Anxiety during Simulation Training on Personal Satisfaction of Simulation, Self-efficacy, Clinical Competence
  Mi Young Kim, Soohyun Park, Jongsoon Won
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursi.2016; 23(4): 411.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Simulation Integrated with Problem Based Learning on Clinical Competency and Self-efficacy in Nursing Students
  Mijin Lee, Youngmee Ahn, Insook Cho, Min Sohn
  Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(2): 123.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purposes of this study were to assess the parenting stress in mothers of premature infants and stress related characteristics of mothers and infants.
METHODS
The methodology was a cross sectional survey study using self-report questionnaires. Participants in this study were 36 mothers of infants with corrected ages of 4 months to 12 months who were born prematurely. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation with the SPSS WIN 19.0 program.
RESULTS
The mean score for parenting stress in mothers of premature infants was 74.639+/-17.570, indicating that the mothers actually experienced stress. When mothers were able to have some private time, parenting stress was statistically significantly lower. When the residential status was having one's own house and the local community provided informational support regarding child nurturing, there was a statistically significant decrease in the sub-category of particular infant temperament. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between mothers' depression and parenting stress.
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that there is a need for nursing interventions to increase mothers' private time and to include informational support regarding health management of children including developmental status assessment from local communities.

Citations

• The Effectiveness of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on attachment of mothers with premature infants
  Shahrokh Mehrpisheh, Zahra Doorandish, Roya Farhadi, Mozhgan Ahmadi, Mannaneh Moafi, Forouzan Elyasi
  European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Re.2022; 15: 100149.     CrossRef
• The effect of education based on the health belief model in improving anxiety among mothers of infants with retinopathy of prematurity
  Azam Salehnezhad, Hamidreza Zendetalab, Shoeibi Naser, Hamidreza Behnam Voshni, Mojtaba Abrishami, Mohmmadreza Ansari Astaneh, Belin Tavakkoli Sani, Zahra Emami Moghadam
  Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2022; 11(1): 424.     CrossRef
• The Mediating Effects of Parenting Stress on the Relationship between the Health Problems of Children with Food Allergies and the Perceived Health Status of Parents
  Young Il Cho, Hyo Jin Kim, Dong Hee Kim
  Korean Journal of Stress Research.2021; 29(2): 115.     CrossRef
• Parenting Stress in Preterm and Full-term Infant Mothers by Their Children’s Developmental Stages
  Kieun Kim, Hyejung Lee
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2020; 24(3): 162.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Community-based Follow-up Program for Parents with Premature Infants on Parenting Stress, Parenting Efficacy, and Coping
  Eun Sun Ji, Ka Ka Shim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2020; 26(3): 366.     CrossRef
• The Relationship between Parental Stress and Nurses' Communication as Perceived by Parents of High-risk Newborns
  Chang Hee Lee, Mi Heui Jang, Yong Sung Choi, Hyunsook Shin
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(2): 184.     CrossRef
• The Relationship between Stress, Social Support, and Confidence in Paternal Role Perceived by Korean Fathers of High Risk Infants
  Jeong Hee Eom, YeoJin Im
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2019; 49: e21.     CrossRef
• Experiences of Mothers of Premature Infants Receiving Rehabilitation Therapy
  Hyun-Ju Kang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(3): 298.     CrossRef
• Predictors of Quality of Life in Mothers of Premature Infant
  Hyosin Choi, Yeonghee Shin
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2017; 23(3): 191.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Parenting Stress in Mothers of Preschoolers Born Prematurely
  Sangmi Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(4): 470.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Kangaroo Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on the Physiological Functions of Preterm Infants, Maternal–Infant Attachment, and Maternal Stress
  Eun-Sook Cho, Shin-Jeong Kim, Myung Soon Kwon, Haeryun Cho, Eun Hye Kim, Eun Mi Jun, Sunhee Lee
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2016; 31(4): 430.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Hospital Based Follow-Up Program for Mothers with Very Low Birth Weight Infants
  Min Hee Kim, Eun Sun Ji
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(1): 79.     CrossRef
• Relationship among Parenting Stress, Self-Esteem and Social Support on Mental Retardation Child Mother's
  Chu-young Jeong, Young-sook Seo
  Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science.2016; 4(4): 709.     CrossRef
• Relations of Postpartum Depression with Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Preterm Infants and Mothers.
  Kyung Sook Bang, Hyun Ju Kang, Mi Kyung Kwon
  Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Relationship between State-Trait Anxiety, Parenting Efficacy, Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Amblyopia
  Inhyae Park, Seonghee Han
  Journal of agricultural medicine and community hea.2015; 40(3): 137.     CrossRef
• Mothers' Parenting Experience of Premature Infants: Q Methodological Approach
  Mi-Young Chon, Eun Sun Ji, Shin-Hwa Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(6): 704.     CrossRef
• Effects on Maternal Attachment, Parenting Stress, and Maternal Confidence of Systematic Information for Mothers of Premature Infants.
  Hyo Sin Choi, Yeong Hee Shin
  Child Health Nursing Research.2013; 19(3): 207.     CrossRef