Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, opinions, competence, and barriers of nurses providing trauma-informed care (TIC) to children in hospitals.
Methods
Data were collected from 198 nurses nationwide using the TIC Provider Survey developed by the Center for Pediatric Traumatic Stress in July, 2024. Descriptive statistics, t tests, and one-way ANOVA were conducted using the IBM SPSS Statistics software (ver. 23.0, IBM Corp.).
Results
Of the 13 items assessing knowledge of TIC, seven had a correct response rate of over 90%. However, the correct response rate for these three items were less than 30%. Regarding opinions on the TIC, more than 90% of participants agreed with five of the seven items. In self-rated competence in providing TIC, they were not competent in responding to a child’s (or parent’s) questions about whether the child is going to die or understanding how traumatic stress may present differently according to developmental stages. The major barriers to providing TIC were time constraints, lack of training, and organizational support. Items with relatively low performance rates were ‘teach parents what to say to their child after a difficult/sick/scary experience, and teach child or parents the specific ways to cope with unpleasant experiences’.
Conclusion
This study suggests that it can contribute to the development of specific guidelines for nurses to effectively apply TIC in pediatric and family nursing practice, emphasizing the need for educational programs to support this implementation.

Citations

• Overcoming Workplace Struggles: The Mediating Role of Trauma‐Informed Climate on Psychological Well‐Being, Emotional Resilience and Job Performance Among Critical Care Nurses
  Haitham Mokhtar Mohamed Abdallah, Mohammed ElSayed Zaky, Shaimaa Mohamed Amin, Eman Yasser Hammouda, Mohamed Hussein Ramadan Atta, Sameer A. Alkubati, Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem, Nagwa Ibrahim Mohamed Hamad
  Nursing in Critical Care.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Trauma‐Informed Care: A Scoping Review
  Jinjin Yang, Yanbo Wang, Tingting Zhi, Fazhan Chen
  International Journal of Mental Health Nursing.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Nurses Regarding Trauma‐Informed Care for Traumatic Injured Patients: A Multicenter Cross‐Sectional Study
  Lingxiao He, Yunting Luo, Jun Chen, Renrong Gong, Dengbin Liao, Lesley Barr
  Journal of Nursing Management.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
The number of Korean adolescents engaging in gambling is increasing, especially among out-of-school adolescents. This study aimed to identify patterns of gambling activities and factors related to specific subgroups of out-of-school adolescent gambling activities.
Methods
This descriptive study analyzed secondary data from the 2015 Korea Youth Gambling Problem Survey, including 1,200 out-of-school adolescents. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of gambling activities. The factors related to gambling subgroups were verified with multinomial logistic regression.
Results
Three latent classes of gambling activities were identified: rarely gambling (RG), immediate gain gambling (IGG), and broad gambling (BG). These subgroups differed significantly in terms of gender, age at and type of first gambling experience, number and type of gambling activities, gambling frequency, time and money spent on gambling, problem gambling severity, and motivation for gambling. Compared to the RG subgroup, both the IGG and BG subgroups were strongly associated with an older age at the first gambling experience.
Conclusion
Out-of-school adolescents who first gambled at an older age and who gambled mainly in order to gain money immediately were at risk of problem gambling. Developing strategies for early screening and referral to professionals is necessary to prevent gambling problems from worsening.

Citations

• What is known about population level programs designed to address gambling-related harm: rapid review of the evidence
  Samantha Clune, Deepika Ratnaike, Vanessa White, Alex Donaldson, Erica Randle, Paul O’Halloran, Virginia Lewis
  Harm Reduction Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Perceived Gambling Availability and Adolescent Gambling Behavior: the Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy
  Alberto Parrado-González, Fermín Fernández-Calderón, José C. León-Jariego
  International Journal of Mental Health and Addicti.2023; 21(4): 2737.     CrossRef
• Attitudes, Risk Factors, and Behaviours of Gambling among Adolescents and Young People: A Literature Review and Gap Analysis
  Ben J. Riley, Candice Oster, Mubarak Rahamathulla, Sharon Lawn
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(3): 984.     CrossRef

Purpose
The Life Transition Scale (LTS) consists of 24 items that assess the life transition process of parents of autistic children. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the LTS in parents of children with a wide spectrum of disabilities.
Methods
Data were collected from 260 parents of children with disabilities through self-report questionnaires. Validity was examined using exploratory and confirmative factor analysis to determine the factor structures of the LTS; socio-demographic differences in LTS scores were examined using the t-test or ANOVA. Reliability was examined using Cronbach's ⍺ coefficient.
Results
A four-factor structure was validated (x²=640.0, p<.001, GFI=.81, RMSEA=.07, NNFI=.89, CFI=.89, PNFI=.74, Q [x²/df]=2.60). The validity of the LTS was verified by exploratory factor analysis, with factor loading ranging from .30 to .80. There were significant differences in the accepting phase according to children's and parents' age and the type of disability, and in the wandering phase according to parental gender, educational level, job, and socioeconomic status. The Cronbach's ⍺s for the reliability of each of the four structures were acceptable, within a range of .80~.90.
Conclusion
The LTS is a valid and reliable measurement to assess the life transition process of parents with disabled children.