Purpose This study examined the effects of a breastfeeding coaching program for mothers on growth and neonatal jaundice in late preterm infants (LPIs).
Methods This was a quasi-experimental study (non-randomized intervention) with a time-series design. The study was conducted among 40 LPIs who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital in Daegu, South Korea. In the order of admission, the first 21 infants were assigned to the experimental group, and 19 were assigned to the control group. The intervention program consisted of home- based and web-based practical breastfeeding support education for mothers across a total of 5 sessions. Infant growth was measured using body weight, length, and head circumference, and neonatal jaundice was assessed using transcutaneous bilirubin levels.
Results The likelihood of breastfeeding for infants in the experimental group at 4 weeks after discharge was the same as on the day of discharge, whereas it steadily decreased in the control group. There were significant differences in head circumference between the groups. However, weight, length, and transcutaneous bilirubin levels did not show a significant group-time interaction.
Conclusion A formal breastfeeding coaching program should be considered in clinical settings and at home within the first few weeks postpartum.
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Purpose This study aimed to determine the influence of a breastfeeding coaching program (BCP) for mothers of late preterm infants (LPIs) on the breastfeeding rate and neonatal morbidity within 1 month after discharge.
Methods This was a non-randomized quasi-experimental study with a time series design. The participants were 40 LPIs and their mothers who were hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit at a university hospital. Nineteen LPIs were assigned to the control group, and 21 to the experimental group. The mothers of the LPIs in the experimental group received the BCP once on the discharge day and then once a week for 1 month. Neonatal morbidity was defined as an outpatient department or emergency room visit due to an LPI's health problem.
Results The breastfeeding rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group at the fourth week after discharge (x2=7.17, p=.028). Five and two LPIs in the control group and the experimental group, respectively, visited a hospital due to neonatal jaundice. Neonatal morbidity was not significantly different between the two groups (x2=1.95, p=.164).
Conclusion The BCP was useful for improving the breastfeeding rates of LPIs and may have potential to reduce neonatal morbidity.
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Mother’s Own Milk Provision During the First 12 Weeks of Life by Gestational Age Aloka L. Patel, Joshua Wilson, Melissa Holmes, Tricia J. Johnson JAMA Network Open.2025; 8(3): e250024. CrossRef
Effects of an Online Theory‐Based Educational Programme for Primiparous Women on Improving Breastfeeding‐Related Outcomes: A Randomised Controlled Trial Mei Sze Wong, Wai Tong Chien Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Effects of a breastfeeding coaching program on growth and neonatal jaundice in late preterm infants in South Korea Gun Ja Jang, Sangjin Ko Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(4): 377. CrossRef
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a breastfeeding support program (BSP) on the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and growth in late-preterm infants.
Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted. The participants were 40 late preterm infants (LPIs), of whom 20 were assigned to the experimental group and 20 to the control group. For the mothers in the experimental group, a BSP was provided prior to the LPIs’ discharge and reinforced once a week for 4 weeks. Information on the feeding type was collected by observation and the LPIs’ body weight was measured.
Results There were significant differences in feeding type by group and time. Exclusive breastfeeding was 5.18 times more common in the experimental group than in the control group (odds ratio=5.18, 95% confidence interval=1.11~16.70). However, weekly weight gain did not show a significant relationship with group and time (F=0.40, p=.712).
Conclusion The BSP was helpful for increasing the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in LPIs. Furthermore, the LPIs in the experimental group, which had a higher likelihood of being exclusively breastfed, showed an equivalent amount of weight gain as the LPIs in the control group, in which infants were more likely to be formula-fed.
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Influence of a Breastfeeding Coaching Program on the Breastfeeding Rates and Neonatal Morbidity in Late Preterm Infants Gun Ja Jang Child Health Nursing Research.2020; 26(3): 376. CrossRef
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify breastfeeding practice with late preterm infants (LPIs), and to determine predictors of exclusive breastfeeding at the 12th week after discharge.
Methods The participants were 106 mothers of LPIs hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units at two university hospitals. Data were collected between February and October, 2013. Questionnaires included characteristics of LPIs, their mothers, and feeding-related characteristics. Feeding methods were exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding, and formula feeding.
Results Exclusive breastfeeding steadily increased from 5.7% at the 1st week to 19.8% at the 12th week, as did formula feeding from 27.3% to 67.9%. Contrarily, mixed feeding decreased from 67.0% at the 1st week to 12.3% at the 12th week. The ratio of formula feeding was higher than that of exclusive breastfeeding over time. Predictors for exclusive breastfeeding were the following: type of delivery (OR=2.96, 95% CI=1.07-8.14), feeding intolerance (OR=3.03, 95% CI=1.26-7.25) and feeding method during hospitalization (OR=7.84, 95% CI=3.15-19.53).
Conclusion In order to increase breastfeeding opportunities for LPIs, educational programs for gestational age-appropriate breastfeeding should be developed. The focus of breastfeeding education needs to be on mothers who delivered their LPIs through Cesarean-section and LPIs who had feeding intolerance or were fed only formula during hospitalization.
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Post-Discharge Follow-Up of Preterm Infants at High-Risk Neonatal Follow-Up Clinic of a Maternity Hospital Naeeme Taslimi Taleghani, Minoo Fallahi, Zahra Soltanttooyeh, Ahmad Reza Shamshiri, Mitra Radfar Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of breastfeeding and factors which affect late preterm infants’ (LPIs) breastfeeding according to gestational age.
Methods Participants were LPIs of 34 weeks (n=70), 35 weeks (n=75), and 36 weeks (n=88). Data were collected from July to December, 2011 from four university hospitals in D city. Descriptive statistics and odds ratio were used to compare three groups.
Results The rate of breastfeeding at 1 week after LPIs’ discharge was 32.9%, 37.3%, 23.9% at 34, 35 and 36 weeks, respectively. The tendency to breastfeed in LPIs of 34 weeks was lower for LPIs born by Cesarean-section, while it was higher for LPIs with a longer period of breastfeeding during hospitalization and higher body weight at the first day of feeding. The prevalence of breastfeeding in LPIs of 35 weeks and 36 weeks was higher for infants with a history of more frequent breastfeeding during hospitalization.
Conclusion The rate of breastfeeding in LPIs of 36 weeks was the lowest. This study suggests that nurses should give more customized education to mothers with LPIs of 36 weeks during their stay in hospitals.
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Factors Influencing Breast Milk Feeding in Singleton Late Preterm Infants Su Jin Kim, Gun Ja Jang Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2020; 45(4): 311. CrossRef
Prevalence and Predictors of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Late Preterm Infants at 12 Weeks Soo Yeon Lee, Gun Ja Jang Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(2): 79. CrossRef
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sensory stimulation conducted by primiparas on mother-infant interaction, maternal self-esteem and infant temperament. METHOD A non-equivalent control group post-test study design was used. The data were collected from December 1, 2001 to March 30, 2003. The participants were 39 primiparas with normal birth weight infants. They were divided into two groups, 20 mothers in the intervention group and 19 in the control group. The mothers in the intervention group were given instruction on sensory stimulation by the researcher, and the mothers, in turn, used this technique on their infants twice a day during the first 2 months of life. Both groups were measured for maternal self-esteem and infant temperament using the maternal self-report inventory (MSRI) and What My Baby Is Like (WBL) and a film was made of the feeding situation when each infant was between 8 and 10 weeks of age. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly higher scores in mother-infant interaction, maternal self-concept and infant temperament. CONCLUSION This suggests that sensory stimulation conducted by primiparas may improve the mother-infant interaction, maternal self-esteem and infant temperament.
PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate effect of sensory stimulation on the mother-infant interaction in premature infants. METHOD The subjects of this study consisted of 36 pairs of premature infants and their mothers from NICU of one university hospital located in Taegu, 18 pairs for intervention group and 18 pairs for control group. The data were collected from May, 1999 to October, 2000. For the intervention group Field's sensory stimulation(tactile and kinesthetic stimulation) was applied 2 times a day for 10 days(10:00-11:00 in the morning and 7:00-8:00 in the afternoon by researcher and mother). To determine mother and infant interaction during feeding, tool developed by Kim Mi-Ye(1999) was used. Collected data were analyzed with SAS program using chi-square test and t-test. RESULT Significant differences were found in mother-infant interaction between two groups(t=-5.38, p=.00). It indicates that sensory stimulation was effective in improving mother-infant interaction. In the aspects of the quality of mother-infant interaction, sensory stimulation was most effective in improving sensitivity to mother and infant's synchronic behaviors(t=-5.43. p=.00) and followed by growth fostering(t=-5.07, p=.00), sensitivity to infant's cues(t=-4.53, p=.00), clarity of infant's cues(t=-3.03, p=.00) and responsiveness to the mother's behaviors(t=-2.14, p= 0.04). CONCLUSION Based on the result of this study, it is suggested that maternally administered sensory stimulation should be applied clinical practice to improve interaction of premature infants and their mothers.
Despite the 12-year KNA breastfeeding campaign, the declining trend in the national breastfeeding rate has not been significantly reversed.
PURPOSE: This investigation focused on mothers' decision to breastfeed and the physical growth profiles of breastfed infants. METHODS Participants were 146 mothers and their 5-7 months old infants participating the "Year 2005 Healthy Breastfed Baby Contest." Data were collected through interviews with mothers on their breastfeeding practice and assessment of infant growth profiles by the investigators. RESULTS Concerning breastfeeding practice, 76% of mothers decided to breastfeed even before their pregnancy and 92% intended to breastfeed a year or as long as baby wants and 52% planned to breastfeed solely by self-motivation from reading. The growth profiles of breastfed infants showed that for WAZ (weight-for-age Z-scores), LAZ (length-for-age Z-scores) and HCAZ (head circumference-for-age Z-scores) the breastfed infants were above the WHO percentiles for their age. CONCLUSION Considering that the mothers planned to breastfeed even before pregnancy and that the physical growth of the breastfed infants was above WHO standards, the authors recommend that in future campaigns the focus should be on families who plan to have a baby.
PURPOSE This study was conducted to investigate the effects of multimodal sensory stimulation on growth and mother-infant interaction in infants with low birth weight (LBW). METHOD A non-equivalent control group time-series study design was used. The participants were 38 LBW infants and their mothers (19 in the intervention group and 19 in the control group). The data were collected from September 1, 2003 to March 31, 2004. For the mothers in the intervention group, this researcher instructed mothers in the multimodal sensory stimulation therapy, in turn the mothers used these techniques on their infants once a day during the 4-week research period. The researcher measured weight, length, and head circumference of the LBW infants once a week for 4 weeks and made a film of the mother playing with the infant for 5 minutes in the last week of the research period. RESULTS Compared to the control group, LBW infants in the intervention group showed significant increases in weekly weight gain (F=3.82, p=.012) and had significantly higher scores for mother-infant interaction (t=3.93, p < .000). CONCLUSION The results suggest that multimodal sensory stimulation therapy can be used to increase the growth of LBW infants and improve mother-infant interaction.
, Sangjin Ko
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