| Hee Sun Shin | 12 Articles |
PURPOSE
The purposes of the study were to develop and test a model which explains the relationship among factors affecting behavioral problems in elementary school children. METHODS The participants for the study were 368 elementary school children and their mothers at 3 elementary schools in one city. Data analysis was done using the SPSS 17.0 program for t-test, -test, and ANOVA and the AMOS 17.0 program for theoretical model testing. RESULTS The theoretical model showed a significant goodness of fit to the empirical data (Goodness of Fit Index: .96, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index: .93 Comparative Fit Index: .95, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: .06, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual: .02). Six paths were found to be statistically significant including from child rearing attitude to self-esteem, stress, stress coping and behavioral problems, and from self-esteem to stress and behavioral problems. Child rearing attitude showed a significant effect to behavioral problems by total effect. Self-esteem affected behavioral problems by total and direct effects. CONCLUSION Child rearing attitude and self-esteem of children are important factors affecting behavioral problems in elementary school children. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
PURPOSE
This study was done to determine whether a parenting education program using responsive teaching strategies is effective for parenting stress, maternal interactional behavior and behavioral problems in children at risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). METHODS Participants in this study were 17 elementary school children and their parents. The ADHD risk group was determined by scores on the Korean-ADHD Rating Scale. The parenting education program was developed based on Dr. Mahoney's responsive teaching curriculum. Mothers participated in the program once a week for 8 sessions. Treatment outcome was evaluated using the Korean version of the Child Behavior CheckList (K-CBCL), parenting stress, maternal interactional behavior, and child pivotal developmental behavior. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney test, and regression analysis. RESULTS After the parenting education program, no significant difference in parenting stress (Z=-1.00, p=.320) was found, but there was a significant decrease in the child's internal behavior problems (Z=-2.05, p=.040), and also a significant improvement in maternal interactional behavior and a significant difference in child pivotal developmental behavior (Z=-2.67, p=.008). CONCLUSION The results indicate that parenting education programs based on responsive teaching strategies are effective and that application of a program is recommended to prevent behavioral problems and improve maternal child interaction for children at risk for ADHD. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
PURPOSE
This study was done to examine effects of a discharge education program using on-line community on parenting stress, baby care confidence for mothers of premature infants and health problem of premature infants. METHODS Using a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design, 32 participants were assigned to an experimental (17) or a control group (15). Mothers in the experimental group were introduced to the discharge education program 2 weeks before the baby was discharged. They participated in the on-line community for 4 weeks after discharge. Parenting Stress Index and Baby Care Confidence Scale were utilized for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square-test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test with the SPSS program 16.0 version. RESULTS In the experimental group, mean scores for parenting stress were lower than for the control group (Z=-3.176, p=.001), while scores for confidence in baby care were higher than for the control group (Z=-3.195, p=.001). CONCLUSION Findings indicate that discharge education programs using on-line community have the positive effect of decreasing parenting stress and increasing baby care confidence for mothers and decreasing health problems for infants. Therefore utilization of the internet and online community to educate parents of premature infants is recommended. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
PURPOSE
This pilot study was done to develop a Korean version of the CDI (The Child Development Inventory) and assess the validity and reliability of the K-CDI. METHOD The K-CDI is assessed by parent-report and is designed to screen children on developmental functioning from 12 months to 6.5 years of age /or older children who are judged to be functioning in the one to six-year range. The inventory assesses child development in the areas of social, self-help, motor, language, letter and number skills. and it also includes various symptoms and behavior problems that young children may have. Participants were 130 children who lived in Seoul or Gyounggi-Province and their mothers. Data were analyzed using the ratio of item responses, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Cronbach alpha. RESULTS The reliability and validity of 270 items with 8 sub-developmental realms were confirmed for Korean children. A total of 300 items were selected for restandardization. There was a significant correlation between the score on the Social Maturity Scale and K-CDI. The correlation coefficient alpha was .98. CONCLUSION This study indicated that CDI is applicable in clinical and early childhood educational setting for developmental assessment in Korea.
PURPOSE
The research was conducted to investigate the experience of maternal role attainment of mothers of premature infants admitted in NICU and to conceptualize the phenomena. METHOD The grounded theory method was utilized for data collection and analysis. 8 mothers of premature infants were selected and in-depth interview was performed. Paradigm model was utilized for data analysis and presentation. RESULT The central category was "unstable maternal identity". The properties of the core phenomena was "ambivalent feeling to baby" "negative emotion" "commitment to baby". The loss of control due to premature delivery was the causal condition. contextual condition was the "perceived threats" due to severity of the premature infant and uncerainty of the baby's life. The mother's health status, economic status, and familial and social support was recognized as intervening conditions during the process of maternal role attainment. The strategic action/interactions were emotion-focused coping, reappraisal of the situation, problem-focused coping, and information seeking. The consequence was the maternal role attainment with competence and expectation. CONCLUSION The process of maternal role attainment was affected by threats due to severity of the baby and intervening factors and interaction strategy. Further research is recommended to develop adequate intervention method during the process of maternal role attainment.
PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of visual health behavior of school-age children and to identify the predicting variables of the school-age children's visual health behavior. METHOD The subject was 764 children in grades 4 to 6, enrolled in 2 elementary schools located in urban area. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULT The findings were as follows: 1. The mean of the score of the visual health behavior of school-age children was 41.59(SD=7.22) and there was a significant difference according to grade. 2. There were significant correlations between visual health behavior and self-efficacy for visual health behavior (r=.51, p=.000), motivation for visual health(r=.45, p=.000), perceived benefits(r= .34, p=.000), self-concept(r=.32, p=.000), knowledge of visual health(r=.30, p=.000), health perception for vision(r=.16, p=.000), health locus of control(r=.11, p=.002), and perceived barriers(r=.-.12, p=.000). 3. Self-efficacy for visual health behaviors, knowledge of visual health, motivation for visual health, self-concept, health perception for vision, and perceived benefits were identified as predictor variables of the visual health behavior of the school-age children from the stepwise multiple regression analysis. The total percent of variance accounted by these 6 variables were 36.9%. CONCLUSION From the result, it is suggested that the development of comprehensive visual health education program including the component of self-efficacy, health motivation and self-concept to promote the visual health of school-age children.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the nurses' knowledge and attitude to pain management in children and explore the status of pain management in clinical practice. METHOD The subjects were 131 nurses enrolled in 3 university affiliated hospitals. Questionnaire method was utilized for data collection. Data was analyzed by SPSS statistical program. RESULT The result was as follows: 1. The overall mean score of the pain knowledge was 16.88 (58.2%). The percentages of correct response in test subsections were pain assessment 45.5, choice of medication and drug action 48.7, and pain statement 79.6 respectively. 2. 70.3% of the nurses agreed or strongly agreed that the procedural pain should always be eliminated. And, 44.3% of the nurses agreed or strongly agreed that post-operative treatment of pain in children should always aim at eliminating the pain completely. 3. There was a significant relationship between pain attitude and knowledge related facts about pain(r=.217, p < .01). 4. When asked to identify the point of self-reported pain on a 0-10 scale at which the nurse would give medication, point 7 was mostly identified (29%). 5. Only 19.8% of the nurses utilized pain rating scale to assess children's pain. 6. The nonpharmacologic interventions nurses used most were position change, emotional support, and massage. 7. 68.7% of the nurses indicated that they learned about pain management from their current working environment. Also, Mostly helpful resource identified in increasing their pain management knowledge and skills was the continuing education program. CONCLUSION The findings showed that there was a need to develop educational program for adequate pain management for children. Further research study is recommended to examine the effectiveness of the intervention methods for children's pain.
The vision disturbances of school-age children has been recognized as and important school health problem. The purpose of this study is to describe the current status of the visual health and to explore the related factors for the decrease in visual acuity in the elementary school age children. The study subjects were 697 children (Boys: 338, Girls: 359) of 4th to 6th grade in two school in urban area.
The visual acuity data of the school health examination in 1999 and 2000 were utilized for analysis. The questionnaire for children and parents was used for survey. The findings were as follows. 1. The prevalance rate of the children with the visual acuity less than 0.7 on the left eye were 26.84% ( Grade 4), 31.30% (Grade 5), and 38.39% (Grade 6). The rate on the right eye were 28.31% (Grade4), 30.37% (Grade 5), and 37.92% (Grade 6). There was a significant difference in the rate of the visual acuity less than 0.7 according to grade (p < .01). 2.The rate of visual acuity decrease was 40.12%.
3. The factors related to the decrease in the visual acuity were grade, sex, genetic factor, posture, and the awareness of the visual acuity. There was more decrease in the visual acuity when the children were in higher grade (O.R= 1.06), girls (O.R=2.29). Children having parents with better vision (Father: O.R=1.26; Mother O.R= 1.25) showed better vision.
On the other hand, when the children have siblings with glasses, there was more decrease in the visual acuity (O.R=2.31). Students with good posture during study (sitting on the chair) and watching TV to the lower direction showed less decrease in the visual acuity. Also, when the students know their visual acuity, the rate of decrease were lower.
The variables which odds ratio were statistically significant were sex (p < .01), siblings with glasses (p < .01), and awareness of visual acuity (p < .01).
The purpose of study was to examine the effect of nonnutritive sucking(NNS) on behavioral state in preterm infants. Fourteen infants(gestational age 28-35 weeks, M=31.86 ; birth weights 1095-2275g, M=1694g) admitted to NICU, serving as their controls were randomly administered 5 min of nonnutritive sucking and a control condition.
Behavioral state was measured using the Anderson Behavioral State Scale(ABSS). Heart rates were obtained for each infant before and during NNS and bottle feeding. Data collection was done by 3 experienced nurses in NICU 2 times a day for consecutive 4 days for each subject. Interrater reliability were .80-.90.
The findings were as follows : 1. Preterm infants averaged active restless states 58.93% in the preintervention phase and 27.32% in the NNS phase.
Inactive awake states were 3.57% in the preintervention phase and 34.64% in the NNS phase.
2. There were significantly more positive changes to inactive awake states for the NNS intervention, Z=-2.35, p=.01.
3. There was no statistically significant difference in heart rate change between NNS intervention and control condition, z=-1.15, p=.24.
4. The rates of feeding success determined by finishing prescribed amount of milk by bottle feeding within 15 minutes were 83.94% in NNS intervention and 89.29% in control condition.
The findings from this study confirmed that NNS is effective for behavioral state modulation and inducing optimal state for feeding in preterm infant. The NNS intervention in nursing practice may help the transition of preterm infants for nipple feeding.
The purpose of the study was to test the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Children's Health Locus of Control Scale(CHLC), an instrument designed to measure health locus of control in children aged 7 to 12. The scale was administered to 467 children in grades 4 to 6, enrolled in 2 elementary schools located in city. The mean age of the subject was 10.03(SD=1.33). The findings were as follows: 1. Cronbach alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .69 for the total, and .67, .65, and .56 on the respective subscales.
2. Construct validity was supported through factorial isolation of three theory consistent subscales: internal, chance, and powerful others.
Two items did not fit well with the originally developed subscale. The total percent of variance explained by 3 factors was 34.5%. The result of the factor analysis according to Kaiser's criterion revealed that the scale was consisted of 5 factors. But, The items of the subscales were rather inconsistent with the dimensions of the locus of control concept.
3. There were significant differences according to parent's educational level and occupation, and birth order on the scores of the CHLC. There were no significant differences according to grade level and sex.
4. The score of the CHLC was significantly correlated with the self concept of the children(r=.14, p<.001).
The result indicated that the Korean version of Children's Health Locus of Control Scale was valid and reliable in measuring health locus of control concept in children, even though further research is required to reconfirm and increase the reliability of the instrument. CHLC could be used for study explaining the health related behavior of the children and research project to health education program.
The purpose of nursing education is to prepare the professional practitioner as nurse who will be interested in the health and the related aspects of community and will assume responsibility for contributing toward the improvement of the health for the all. This means that nursing education must provide opportunities for the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes which make this possible. Consequently, this approach has relevance for nursing education. Faculty engaged in endless debates about what is to be included, and to what death, and what will be given short shrift as a result. Thus, it can be seen why there is so much confusion and lack of agreement between the emphasis and objectives in nursing.
This study attempted to review and identify the curriculum content of child nursing in Korea to build and develop the standard curriculum contents for national board examination for nurses and child's health needs for the coming 21st century. The questionnaire was consisted of items for selection and organization of the knowledge components and type of unit with weigh to be attained in child nursing.
Response of 34% of nursing program in university and junior college. Content analysis was done by using consensual validation of essential knowledge for curriculum content to identify what is obvious or trivial.
This study pointed out that it is not yet apparent that demographic fact has greatly influenced child nursing curriculum content. In a similar vein the majority of content of child nursing devote little time and weigh to social and epidemically significant to child health. It seems to be needed that the content of child nursing may push the paradigm shift in nursing education such as health promotion and prevention for postretinal roles of child and family. In conclusion, it is time to convoke and content and standardization on job analysis for national board exam for nurses in Korea.
The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge and attitude of breast feeding and to explore the predictive variables for the intention of breast feeding of mothers. One hundred and thirty-five mothers who delivered at the D University hospital during the period of May to June in 1996 comprised the sample. Data were collected by questionnaire methods before discharge at the hospital. Data were analyzed using percent, 1-test, and logistic regression. The results were as follows : 1. During their pregnancy, majority of mothers (74.8%) got the breast feeding information. Information sources were book (34.5%), family and relatives(32.4%), mass media(24.3%), and professionals such as nurses and doctors (8.8% ). The frequently reported sources of most encouragement for breast feeding were mother in law(20.7%) and baby's father (11.1% ). 2. The mean score of the items of Knowledge and Attitude toward Breast Feeding Scale were 42.56 (SD=5.47) and 39.07(SD=5.15) , representing positive attitude toward breast feeding. The correlation between knowledge and attitude score was significant(r 〓.54, p<.001). Knowledge of breast feeding were significantly different between breast feeding intention group (including partial breast feeding) and artificial feeding intention group(t=2.79, p<.01) 3. Logistic regression analysis revealed that feeding method in the hospital, delivery type, knowledge toward breast feeding, disease related to pregnancy, complication related to delivery, and educational level of mother were predictives of the intention of breast feeding. 4. The most frequently rated reasons for the plan for mixed feeding were concern about insufficient milk (37.9%) and work(27.6%), The major reasons for plan for artificial milk feeding were having premature baby(25.9%) and maternal health problems including infection(14.8% ) and drug use due to chronic illness (14.8%). From the result of the study, it is recommended to develop supportive nursing intervention strategy to promote breast-feeding intention and practice. The intervention could be more effective to begin early in pregnancy and include teaching for breast feeding skills as well as information provision for positive attitude formation.
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